Houlihanphrase it, “paradoxical stereotypes” of Native Americans as “bloodthirsty savage and heroic warrior; hopeless drunkard in need of protection; victim of deceit, corruption, and greed, grudgingly but philosophically accepting his fate” 7 .
📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale
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Amaç & Hipotez:History has recorded that the whites who came to America did not always acknowledge the existence of the Native Americans of North America, including the First Peoples of Canada, as that of a human race with a rich cultural heritage of its own.
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Temel Bulgular & Veri:Instead, these interlopers created images that have varied considerably over the last half millenium reflecting both European and Native American social history during specific periods.
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Sonuç & Katkı:Houlihanphrase it, “paradoxical stereotypes” of Native Americans as “bloodthirsty savage and heroic warrior; hopeless drunkard in need of protection; victim of deceit, corruption, and greed, grudgingly but philosophically accepting his fate” 7 .
🔬Tür:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Kapsam:Genişletilmiş Akademik Örneklem
⚙️Değişkenler:Alan Parametreleri
Abstract
History has recorded that the whites who came to America did not always acknowledge the existence of the Native Americans of North America, including the First Peoples of Canada, as that of a human race with a rich cultural heritage of its own. Instead, these interlopers created images that have varied considerably over the last half millenium reflecting both European and Native American social history during specific periods. These images more often than not have been, as Patricia Trenton and Patrick T. Houlihanphrase it, “paradoxical stereotypes” of Native Americans as “bloodthirsty savage and heroic warrior; hopeless drunkard in need of protection; victim of deceit, corruption, and greed, grudgingly but philosophically accepting his fate” 7 .
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Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap
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Champagne, Duane. Native America: Portrait of the Peoples. Detroit: Visible Ink Press, 1994.
Deloria, Philip J. “The Twentieth Century and Beyond.” The Native Americans: An Illustrated History. Eds. Betty and Ian Ballantine. Atlanta: Turner Publishing, Inc., 1993. 384-465.
Duffek, Karen and Tom Hill. Beyond History. Exhibition Catalogue. Vancouver: Vancouver Art Gallery, 1989.
Hoxie, Frederick E., ed. Encyclopedia of North American Indians: Native American History, Culture, and Life from Paleo-Indians to the Present. New York, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1996.
Harjo, Suzan Shawn. “Gifts of the Spirit,” in Gifts of the Spirit: Works by Nineteenth-Century and Contemporary Native American Artists, Ed. William T La Moy. Salem, MA: Peabody Essex Museum Collection, 1996. 62-91.
Ryan, Allan J. The Trickster Shift: Humor and Irony in Contemporary Native Art. Vancouver, Toronto: University of British Columbia Presss, 1999.
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Tremblay, Gail. For the Seventh Generation: Native American Artists Counter the Quincentenary, New York: Arts Council Gallery, 1992.
Trenton, Patricia and Patrick T. Houlihan. Native Americans: Five Centuries of Changing Images. NewYork: Harry N. Abramsss, Inc., Publishers, 1989.
Young Man, Alfred. North American Indian Art: It’s a Question of Integrity. Kamloops, British Columbia: Kamloops Art Gallery, 1998.