Dergiler / SDE Akademi Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

2021 SONRASI AFGANİSTAN VE PAKİSTAN: GÜVENSİZLİK VE YANLIŞ ALGI DÖNGÜSÜ

AFGHANISTAN AND PAKISTAN AFTER 2021: A CYCLE OF MISTRUST AND MISPERCEPTION

Mohammad Khan Sultani(ANKARA YILDIRIM BEYAZIT ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0009-0000-8424-6670
Seyit Ali Avcu(Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi)
Sayfa
225–256
Yayın Tarihi
2026-05-30
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⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

Çalışma, sömürge döneminden kalan mirasların, ulusal kimlik tartışmalarının, iç siyasi kırılganlıkların ve özellikle Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) gibi sınır aşan silahlı grupların korku ve misilleme döngüsünü nasıl beslediğini ortaya koymaktadır. 2021 sonrası gelişmeler, resmî belgeler ve akademik literatüre dayanan nitel analiz sonucunda, güven artırıcı önlemler, ortak sınır yönetimi ve militanlığın ortak bir tehdit olarak kabul edilmemesi durumunda Afganistan–Pakistan güvenlik ikileminin diplomatik temaslara rağmen devam edeceği sonucuna varılmaktadır.

📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale

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Amaç & Hipotez:Bu çalışma, ABD güçlerinin çekilmesi ve Taliban’ın 2021 yılında yeniden iktidara gelmesinin ardından Afganistan ile Pakistan arasında devam eden güvenlik ikilemini incelemektedir.
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Temel Bulgular & Veri:Dinî, kültürel ve tarihsel ortaklıklara rağmen, iki ülke arasındaki ilişkiler sınır çatışmaları, karşılıklı suçlamalar ve artan güvensizlikle daha da kötüleşmiştir.
💡
Sonuç & Katkı:Çalışma, sömürge döneminden kalan mirasların, ulusal kimlik tartışmalarının, iç siyasi kırılganlıkların ve özellikle Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) gibi sınır aşan silahlı grupların korku ve misilleme döngüsünü nasıl beslediğini ortaya koymaktadır. 2021 sonrası gelişmeler, resmî belgeler ve akademik literatüre dayanan nitel analiz sonucunda, güven artırıcı önlemler, ortak sınır yönetimi ve militanlığın ortak bir tehdit olarak kabul edilmemesi durumunda Afganistan–Pakistan güvenlik ikileminin diplomatik temaslara rağmen devam edeceği sonucuna varılmaktadır.
🔬Tür:Literatür & Derleme Çalışması
📍Kapsam:2021 Verileri
⚙️Değişkenler:Afganistan–Pakistan ilişkileri · Durand Hattı · Güvenlik İkilemi

Özet

Bu çalışma, ABD güçlerinin çekilmesi ve Taliban’ın 2021 yılında yeniden iktidara gelmesinin ardından Afganistan ile Pakistan arasında devam eden güvenlik ikilemini incelemektedir. Dinî, kültürel ve tarihsel ortaklıklara rağmen, iki ülke arasındaki ilişkiler sınır çatışmaları, karşılıklı suçlamalar ve artan güvensizlikle daha da kötüleşmiştir. Tarihsel-konstrüktivist bir güvenlik ikilemi yaklaşımını benimseyen bu çalışma, çatışmanın temelinde doğrudan askerî tehditlerden ziyade algıya dayalı güvensizliğin yattığını savunmaktadır. Pakistan’ın sınır çitleme politikaları ve terörle mücadele operasyonları ile Afganistan’ın Durand Hattı’nı tanımayı reddetmesi ve devlet dışı aktörler üzerindeki sınırlı kontrolü, karşı tarafça saldırgan ve tehditkâr adımlar olarak algılanmaktadır. Çalışma, sömürge döneminden kalan mirasların, ulusal kimlik tartışmalarının, iç siyasi kırılganlıkların ve özellikle Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) gibi sınır aşan silahlı grupların korku ve misilleme döngüsünü nasıl beslediğini ortaya koymaktadır. 2021 sonrası gelişmeler, resmî belgeler ve akademik literatüre dayanan nitel analiz sonucunda, güven artırıcı önlemler, ortak sınır yönetimi ve militanlığın ortak bir tehdit olarak kabul edilmemesi durumunda Afganistan–Pakistan güvenlik ikileminin diplomatik temaslara rağmen devam edeceği sonucuna varılmaktadır.

Abstract

This study examines the persistent security dilemma between Afghanistan and Pakistan in the post-2021 period following the withdrawal of U.S. forces and the return of the Taliban to power. Despite shared religious, cultural, and historical ties, bilateral relations have deteriorated, marked by border clashes, mutual accusations, and deepening mistrust. Employing a historical-constructivist security-dilemma framework, the paper argues that perception-based insecurity, rather than direct military threat, lies at the core of the conflict. Defensive measures taken by each side, such as Pakistan’s border fencing and counterterrorism operations and Afghanistan’s refusal to recognize the Durand Line and its limited control over non-state actors, are interpreted by the other as offensive and hostile. The study highlights the role of colonial legacies, national identity, domestic political constraints, and transnational militant groups, particularly the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), in perpetuating cycles of fear and retaliation. Based on a qualitative analysis of official documents, academic literature, and post-2021 developments, the paper concludes that without sustained confidence-building measures, cooperative border management, and recognition of militancy as a shared threat, the Afghanistan-Pakistan security dilemma is likely to persist despite ongoing diplomatic engagement.

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Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Sultani, M. K., Avcu, S. A. (2026). 2021 SONRASI AFGANİSTAN VE PAKİSTAN: GÜVENSİZLİK VE YANLIŞ ALGI DÖNGÜSÜ. SDE Akademi Dergisi, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 225–256. https://doi.org/10.58375/sde.1899755

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