Dergiler / SDE Akademi Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3

EĞİTİM HAKKI KAPSAMINDA PAKİSTAN’DAKİ AFGAN MÜLTECİ ÇOCUKLARIN EĞİTİME ERİŞİMİ

EDUCATION RIGHTS IN THE CONTEXT OF ACCESS TO EDUCATION FOR AFGHAN REFUGEE CHILDREN IN PAKISTAN

Abdul Satar Kawa(Stratejik Düşünce Enstitüsü)0000-0002-8332-8129
Sayfa
572–600
Yayın Tarihi
2026-09-22
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⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

Daha sonra eğitim hakkı uluslararası insan hakları hukuku ve Pakistan iç hukuku bağlamında değerlendirilecek; son olarak ise Afgan mülteci çocukların eğitime erişimindeki çok katmanlı engeller (hukuki belirsizlik, belge sorunları, altyapı eksikliği, ekonomik baskılar ve ayrımcılık) ve bunların etkileri incelenecektir.

📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale

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Amaç & Hipotez:Afganistan, son elli yılda dünyanın en büyük zorunlu göç veren ülkelerinden biri olmuştur; 1970’lerin sonundan itibaren başlayan ve günümüze kadar süren göç dalgaları, savaş, dış müdahaleler, rejim değişiklikleri, ekonomik çöküş, siyasi istikrarsızlık ve Taliban gibi baskıcı rejimlerin başa gelmesi ile göç dalgaları tetiklenmeye devam etmiştir.
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Temel Bulgular & Veri:Pakistan, Afganistan’ın komşusu olarak 45 yılı aşkın süredir milyonlarca Afgan mülteciye ev sahipliği yapmış ve dünyanın en büyük mülteci barındıran ülkelerinden biri haline gelmiştir.
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Sonuç & Katkı:Daha sonra eğitim hakkı uluslararası insan hakları hukuku ve Pakistan iç hukuku bağlamında değerlendirilecek; son olarak ise Afgan mülteci çocukların eğitime erişimindeki çok katmanlı engeller (hukuki belirsizlik, belge sorunları, altyapı eksikliği, ekonomik baskılar ve ayrımcılık) ve bunların etkileri incelenecektir.
🔬Tür:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Kapsam:2021 Verileri
⚙️Değişkenler:Göç · Afganistan · Pakistan

Özet

Afganistan, son elli yılda dünyanın en büyük zorunlu göç veren ülkelerinden biri olmuştur; 1970’lerin sonundan itibaren başlayan ve günümüze kadar süren göç dalgaları, savaş, dış müdahaleler, rejim değişiklikleri, ekonomik çöküş, siyasi istikrarsızlık ve Taliban gibi baskıcı rejimlerin başa gelmesi ile göç dalgaları tetiklenmeye devam etmiştir. Pakistan, Afganistan’ın komşusu olarak 45 yılı aşkın süredir milyonlarca Afgan mülteciye ev sahipliği yapmış ve dünyanın en büyük mülteci barındıran ülkelerinden biri haline gelmiştir. Ancak bu uzun süreli göç dalgaların yaşanması, 1951 Mülteciler Sözleşmesi’ne taraf olunmaması, ulusal mülteci yasasının bulunmaması ve dönemsel siyasi gerilimler nedeniyle hukuki belirsizlikler, sosyo-ekonomik zorluklar ve yapısal engeller yaratmıştır. Bu çalışma konuyu çok boyutlu bir yaklaşımla incelemektedir. Öncelikle göç kavramları (mülteci, sığınmacı, göçmen) kavramsal çerçevede tanımlanacak; ardından Afganistan’dan Pakistan’a göç akımlarının dönemsel seyri (Sovyet işgali, iç savaş, Taliban dönemleri, ABD müdahalesi ve 2021 sonrası ikinci Taliban dönemi) tarihsel olarak analiz edilecektir. Daha sonra eğitim hakkı uluslararası insan hakları hukuku ve Pakistan iç hukuku bağlamında değerlendirilecek; son olarak ise Afgan mülteci çocukların eğitime erişimindeki çok katmanlı engeller (hukuki belirsizlik, belge sorunları, altyapı eksikliği, ekonomik baskılar ve ayrımcılık) ve bunların etkileri incelenecektir.

Abstract

Afghanistan has been one of the world’s largest countries of origin for forced migration over the past five decades. Since the late 1970s, successive waves of migration have continued to the present day, driven by war, foreign interventions, regime changes, economic collapse, political instability, and the rise of repressive regimes such as the Taliban. Pakistan, as Afghanistan's immediate neighbour, has hosted millions of Afghan refugees for over 45 years, making it one of the largest refugee-hosting countries globally. Despite this extended hospitality, the absence of a comprehensive national refugee law, non-accession to the 1951 Refugee Convention, and recurring political tensions have created significant legal, socio-economic, and structural barriers to the enjoyment of fundamental rights by Afghan refugees. This paper examines the issue through a multi-dimensional lens. It begins with a conceptual clarification of key migration terms (refugee, asylum-seeker, migrant). It then traces the historical phases of Afghan migration to Pakistan (Soviet invasion, civil war, Taliban periods, U.S. intervention, and post-2021 Taliban resurgence). The analysis subsequently situates the right to education within international human rights law and Pakistan's domestic framework. Finally, it identifies and evaluates the layered barriers to educational access—legal ambiguity, documentation issues, infrastructure deficits, economic pressures and discrimination—and assesses their intergenerational consequences.

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Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Kawa, A. S. (2026). EĞİTİM HAKKI KAPSAMINDA PAKİSTAN’DAKİ AFGAN MÜLTECİ ÇOCUKLARIN EĞİTİME ERİŞİMİ. SDE Akademi Dergisi, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 572–600. https://doi.org/10.58375/sde.1926060

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