KaydedilenlerDerginizi ekleyin

Dergiler / Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Volume: 4 Issue: 2

How Personality Traits Shape Internal and External Whistleblowing Intentions among Nurses

Bülent Turan(BİLECİK ŞEYH EDEBALİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU)0000-0002-3553-9538
Sayfa
—
Yayın Tarihi
2026-05-02
🏛️Bu makalenin bibliyografik verileri ve tam metin bağlantısı DergiPark üzerinden sağlanmıştır.
DergiPark Kaydı ↗
✨

Yapay Zeka Hızlı Bakış & Çıkarımlar

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

These findings contribute to organizational behavior theory with whistleblowing intentions, especially, and provide practical implications for strengthening the healthcare sector.

📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale

🎯
Amaç & Hipotez:This study investigates the effects of nurses' personality traits on their internal and external whistleblowing intentions.
📊
Temel Bulgular & Veri:The study was conducted in Türkiye, with 290 nurses working in the healthcare sector participating in a cross-sectional investigation.
💡
Sonuç & Katkı:These findings contribute to organizational behavior theory with whistleblowing intentions, especially, and provide practical implications for strengthening the healthcare sector.
🔬Tür:Uygulamalı Anket & Alan Araştırması
📍Kapsam:Genişletilmiş Akademik Örneklem
⚙️Değişkenler:Personality traits · HEXACO · Whistleblowing intention

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of nurses' personality traits on their internal and external whistleblowing intentions. The study was conducted in Türkiye, with 290 nurses working in the healthcare sector participating in a cross-sectional investigation. The short form of the six-factor inventory (HEXACO-60) was used to assess personality traits, and a scale consisting of questions about external and internal whistleblowing intention was used to measure whistleblowing intention. Data were collected through an online survey via an open-source platform. To explore the effects of personality traits on internal and external whistleblowing intentions, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used. Correlation analyses revealed that significant relationships exist between Honesty-Humility, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Extraversion and whistleblowing intentions. The findings from Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) showed that Extraversion and Conscientiousness had a positive effect on internal whistleblowing intention; however, external whistleblowing intention was negatively affected by Honesty-Humility and positively affected by Emotionality. The findings highlight the importance of employees' personality traits in understanding how healthcare professionals report wrongdoing. More specifically, nurses with higher levels of Extraversion and Conscientiousness are more likely to use internal channels within the organization to report wrongdoing. On the other hand, nurses with higher levels of Emotionality and lower levels of Honesty-Humility tend to report wrongdoing outside the organization. These findings contribute to organizational behavior theory with whistleblowing intentions, especially, and provide practical implications for strengthening the healthcare sector.

🔖

Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Turan, B. (2026). How Personality Traits Shape Internal and External Whistleblowing Intentions among Nurses. Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, Volume: 4 Issue: 2. https://doi.org/10.61535/bseusbfd.1910689

📄 Tam Metin PDF Okuyucu

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

Kaynakça (61)

  1. Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
  2. Aktan, C. C. (2006). A civic duty, ethical resistance and conscientious objection behaviour against organizational wrongdoings: Whistleblowing. Mercek Dergisi, 1(13), 1–13.
  3. Ashton, M. C., & Lee, K. (2007). Empirical, theoretical, and practical advantages of the HEXACO model of personality structure. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 11(2), 150–166. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868306294907
  4. Ashton, M. C., & Lee, K. (2009). The HEXACO–60: A short measure of the major dimensions of personality. Journal of Personality Assessment, 91(4), 340–345. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890902935878
  5. Ashton, M. C., Lee, K., & de Vries, R. E. (2014). The HEXACO honesty-humility, agreeableness, and emotionality factors: A review of research and theory. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 18(2), 139–152. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868314523838
  6. Aydan, S., & Sıdıka, K. (2018). Sağlık sektöründe ihbarcılık: Bir üniversite hastanesinde çalışan hemşire ve sekreterler üzerine bir uygulama. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi, 21(1), 41–63.
  7. Bartuli, J., Mir Djawadi, B., & Fahr, R. (2016). Business ethics in organizations: An experimental examination of whistleblowing and personality (IZA Discussion Paper No. 10190). https://ssrn.com/abstract=2840134
  8. Bashiri, H., Barahmand, U., Akabri, Z. S., Hossein Ghamari, G., & Vusugi, A. (2011). A study of the psychometric properties and the standardization of HEXACO personality inventory. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 1173–1176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.228
  9. Bjørkelo, B., Einarsen, S., & Matthiesen, S. B. (2010). Predicting proactive behaviour at work: Exploring the role of personality as an antecedent of whistleblowing behaviour. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83(2), 371–394. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317910X486385
  10. Bocchiaro, P., Zimbardo, P. G., & van Lange, P. A. M. (2012). To defy or not to defy: An experimental study of the dynamics of disobedience and whistle-blowing. Social Influence, 7(1), 35–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/15534510.2011.648421
  11. Brink, A. G., Cereola, S. J., & Menk, K. B. (2015). The effects of personality traits, ethical position, and the materiality of fraudulent reporting on entry-level employee whistleblowing decisions. Journal of Forensic & Investigative Accounting, 7(1), 180–211.
  12. Çetinel, M. H., & Taslak, S. (2019). The role of organizational justice on the relationship between personality traits of employees and whistleblowing tendencies. International Journal of Academic Value Studies, 5(1), 46–72. https://doi.org/10.23929/javs.848
  13. Culiberg, B., & Mihelič, K. K. (2017). The evolution of whistleblowing studies: A critical review and research agenda. Journal of Business Ethics, 146, 787–803. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3237-0
  14. Demirci, Ş., & Erigüç, G. (2019). Sağlık yönetimi literatüründe ihbar etme üzerine yürütülen çalışmaların incelenmesi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(1), 35–43.
  15. Dungan, J., Waytz, A., & Young, L. (2015). The psychology of whistleblowing. Current Opinion in Psychology, 6, 129–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.07.005
  16. Dursun, Y., & Kocagöz, E. (2010). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi ve regresyon: Karşılaştırmalı bir analiz. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 35, 1–17. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/66557
  17. Erdost Çolak, H. E., & Genç, E. (2018). Öncülleri ve sonuçları bağlamında “whistleblowing: Sorun bildirme.” Muhasebe ve Denetime Bakış, 18(55), 41–57.
  18. Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.-G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149–1160.
  19. Filosa, L., Formella, Z., & Crea, G. (2019). Personality and emotional self-efficacy: The relationship between HEXACO’s emotionality, extraversion and conscientiousness with regulatory emotional self-efficacy belief. Seminare. Poszukiwania Naukowe, 40(4), 81–91. https://doi.org/10.21852/sem.2019.4.06
  20. Fischer, M., Thielmann, I., & Gollwitzer, M. (2024). The role of personality in whistleblowing: An integrative framework. Personality Science, 5. https://doi.org/10.1177/27000710241257432
  21. Francalanza, C., & Buttigieg, E. (2016). Maltese certified public accountants and whistle-blowing: Traits, influences and propensity. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 17(3), 262–284. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-09-2013-0062
  22. Gakhar, M., & Mulla, Z. R. (2021). Whistleblowing and the ‘person-situation’ conundrum: What matters more? Journal of Human Values, 27(3), 247–260. https://doi.org/10.1177/09716858211022893
  23. George, D., & Mallery, P. (2020). IBM SPSS statistics 26 step by step: A simple guide and reference. Routledge.
  24. Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage Publications.
  25. Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov, M. (2010). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind: Intercultural cooperation and its importance for survival. McGraw-Hill.
  26. Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. (2008). Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 53–60. https://doi.org/10.21427/D7CF7R
  27. Janssens, W., De Pelsmacker, P., Wijnen, K., & Van Kenhove, P. (2008). Marketing research with SPSS. Pearson Education.
  28. Jia, R., Bahoo, R., Cai, Z., & Jahan, M. (2022). The HEXACO personality traits of higher achievers at the university level. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.881491
  29. Kaplan, R. M., & Saccuzzo, D. R. (2013). Psychological testing: Principles, applications, and issues (8th ed.). Cengage Learning.
  30. Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th ed.). The Guilford Press.
  31. Koksal, K., & Mert, I. S. (2024). The role of courage and interactional justice in emotional exhaustion of emergency nurses: A cross-sectional study in Turkey. International Nursing Review, 71(1), 54–61. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12841
  32. Lee, K., & Ashton, M. C. (2004). Psychometric properties of the HEXACO personality inventory. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39(2), 329–358. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr3902_8
  33. Lee, K., & Ashton, M. C. (2020a). HEXACO model of personality. In B. J. Carducci & C. S. Nave (Eds.), The Wiley encyclopedia of personality and individual differences (pp. 249–256). John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118970843.ch42
  34. Lee, K., & Ashton, M. C. (2020b). HEXACO model of personality structure. In B. J. Carducci & C. S. Nave (Eds.), Encyclopedia of personality and individual differences (pp. 1932–1936). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_1227
  35. Lee, K., & Ashton, M. C. (2020c). Sex differences in HEXACO personality characteristics across countries and ethnicities. Journal of Personality, 88(6), 1075–1090. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12551
  36. Lewis, D., Ellis, C.-A., Kyprianou, A., & Homewood, S. (2001). Whistleblowing at work: The results of a survey of procedures in further and higher education. Education and the Law, 13(3), 215–225. https://doi.org/10.1080/09539960127292
  37. Mert, I. S., & Köksal, K. (2022). The role of coast guard courage in the relationship between personality and organizational commitment. Military Psychology, 34(6), 706–721. https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2022.2057788
  38. Miceli, M. P., & Near, J. P. (2010). When do observers of organizational wrongdoing step up? Recent US research on the factors associated with whistleblowing. In D. B. Lewis (Ed.), A global approach to public interest disclosure (pp. 74–90). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781849806978.00013
  39. Near, J. P., & Miceli, M. P. (1985). Organizational dissidence: The case of whistle-blowing. Journal of Business Ethics, 4(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00382668
  40. Near, J. P., & Miceli, M. P. (1996). Whistle-blowing: Myth and reality. Journal of Management, 22(3), 507–526. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639602200306
  41. Near, J. P., & Miceli, M. P. (2016). After the wrongdoing: What managers should know about whistleblowing. Business Horizons, 59(1), 105–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2015.09.007
  42. Park, H., & Blenkinsopp, J. (2009). Whistleblowing as planned behavior: A survey of South Korean police officers. Journal of Business Ethics, 85(4), 545–556.
  43. Park, H., Blenkinsopp, J., Oktem, M. K., & Omurgonulsen, U. (2008). Cultural orientation and attitudes toward different forms of whistleblowing: A comparison of South Korea, Turkey, and the U.K. Journal of Business Ethics, 82(4), 929–939. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9603-1
  44. Park, H., Rehg, M. T., & Lee, D. (2005). The influence of Confucian ethics and collectivism on whistleblowing intentions: A study of South Korean public employees. Journal of Business Ethics, 58(4), 387–403. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-004-5366-0
  45. Park, N., Song, H. J., & Cho, Y. J. (2024). Analyzing determinants of whistleblowing intention with the gamification method. Public Policy and Administration, 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1177/09520767241238425
  46. Reinhardt, N., Trnka, L.-M., & Reinhard, M.A. (2023). The correlation of honesty-humility and learning goals with academic cheating. Social Psychology of Education, 26(1), 211–226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-022-09742-2
  47. Roberts, B. W., Walton, K. E., & Bogg, T. (2005). Conscientiousness and health across the life course. Review of General Psychology, 9(2), 156–168. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.9.2.156
  48. Taş, F., & Antalyalı, Ö. L. (2015). Whistleblowing attitudes of nurses working for public and private sectors. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 2(3), 34–54.
  49. Tatar, A. (2018). Psychometric properties of the HEXACO personality inventory-revised (HEXACO-PI-R) long and short Turkish forms. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 19(Suppl. 1), 5–13. https://doi.org/10.5455/apd.283098 Thielmann, I., et al. (2019). The HEXACO–100 across 16 languages: A large-scale test of measurement invariance. Journal of Personality Assessment, 102(5), 714–726. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2019.1614011
  50. Ul-Haq, S., Jaffer, M. A., & Rizvi, W. H. (2025). Can religion motivate people to blow the whistle? Archive for the Psychology of Religion, 47(1), 54–78. https://doi.org/10.1177/00846724241241341
  51. Ulu, M., & Bulut, M. B. (2017). Üniversite öğrencilerinin kişilik özelliklerinin HEXACO ile ölçülmesi. Bilimname, 34, 443–463.
  52. Uslu, M., & Özutku, H. (2025). The transformative impact of cultural values on HRM: Shaping global practices. International Journal of Management and Administration, 9(18), 145–162. https://doi.org/10.29064/ijma.1754176
  53. Van Gelder, J.-L., & de Vries, R. E. (2016). Traits and states at work: Lure, risk and personality as predictors of occupational crime. Psychology, Crime & Law, 22(7), 701–720. https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2016.1174863
  54. Van Griethuijsen, R. A. L. F., et al. (2015). Global patterns in students’ views of science and interest in science. Research in Science Education, 45(4), 581–603. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-014-9438-6
  55. Wasti, A. S., Lee, K., Ashton, M. C., & Somer, O. (2008). Six Turkish personality factors and the HEXACO model of personality structure. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022108323783
  56. Wiisak, J., Suhonen, R., & Leino-Kilpi, H. (2022). Whistle-blowers: Morally courageous actors in health care? Nursing Ethics, 29(6), 1415–1429. https://doi.org/10.1177/09697330221092341
  57. Wijayanti, D. M., Senjani, Y. P., & Farah, W. (2024). The role of Machiavellian personality, altruistic personality, religiosity, whistleblowing system, and accounting firm size in mitigating fraud intention. Journal of Financial Crime, 31(1), 119–134. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-02-2023-0034
  58. Wilmes, B. W. (2018). Behavioral compliance: Corporate compliance meets behavioral economics (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Universität Paderborn.
  59. Yang, L., & Xu, R. (2020). The effects of retaliation on whistleblowing intentions in China banking industry. Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change, 16(2), 215–235. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAOC-05-2019-0049
  60. Zakaria, M., Razak, S. N. A. A., & Noor, N. B. W. M. (2016). Effects of planned behaviour on whistle blowing: Evidence from Malaysian police department. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 24(7), 2352–2365.
  61. Zettler, I., Thielmann, I., Hilbig, B. E., & Moshagen, M. (2020). The nomological net of the HEXACO model of personality: A large-scale meta-analytic investigation. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 15(3), 723–760. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691619895036