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DOĞU AKDENIZ LEVANT’INDA ÖNCÜL ÜST PALEOLİTİK DÖNEM’DE TEKNOLOJİK DEĞİŞİMLER

TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES AT THE INITIAL UPPER PALEOLITHIC IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN LEVANT

Ece Eren Kural(ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, DİL VE TARİH COĞRAFYA FAKÜLTESİ, ANTROPOLOJİ BÖLÜMÜ)0000-0003-2811-2189
Sayfa
16–41
Yayın Tarihi
2026-06-17
DOI
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Yapılan çalışmalar, ÖÜP’te hem Geç Orta Paleolitik’ten alınan tekno-tipolojik özelliklerin devam ettiğini hem de bölgesel ve zamansal farklılıklar gösteren bir değişim sürecinin var olduğunu göstermektedir.

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Amaç & Hipotez:Pleistosen Dönem boyunca Afrika’dan kuzeye göç eden insanların doğal bir geçiş koridoru olan Levant bölgesi, dönem insanlarının yayılımlarının, davranışlarının ve teknolojik değişimlerinin anlaşılmasında kritik bir öneme sahiptir.
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Temel Bulgular & Veri:Bu makalede, Doğu Akdeniz Levant'ta Öncül Üst Paleolitik Dönem’de (ÖÜP) (50-35 bin yıl öncesi) gerçekleşen teknolojik değişim güncel literatür verileri ışığında değerlendirilmiştir.
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Sonuç & Katkı:Yapılan çalışmalar, ÖÜP’te hem Geç Orta Paleolitik’ten alınan tekno-tipolojik özelliklerin devam ettiğini hem de bölgesel ve zamansal farklılıklar gösteren bir değişim sürecinin var olduğunu göstermektedir.
🔬Tür:Literatür & Derleme Çalışması
📍Kapsam:Genişletilmiş Akademik Örneklem
⚙️Değişkenler:Levant · Öncül Üst Paleolitik · Teknolojik değişim

Özet

Pleistosen Dönem boyunca Afrika’dan kuzeye göç eden insanların doğal bir geçiş koridoru olan Levant bölgesi, dönem insanlarının yayılımlarının, davranışlarının ve teknolojik değişimlerinin anlaşılmasında kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Bu makalede, Doğu Akdeniz Levant'ta Öncül Üst Paleolitik Dönem’de (ÖÜP) (50-35 bin yıl öncesi) gerçekleşen teknolojik değişim güncel literatür verileri ışığında değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada, Levant’ta ÖÜP Dönem’de gözlenen teknolojik değişimler Geç Orta Paleolitik ve Ahmarian ile olan ilişkisi çerçevesinde ele alınmıştır. Geç Orta Paleolitik ve Üst Paleolitik Dönem özelliklerini içeren ÖÜP endüstrisi, Levallois ve prizmatik çekirdeklerinden dilgi üretiminin bir arada görülmesiyle karakterizedir. Bunun yanında, Orta ve Üst Paleolitik Dönem’e ait düzeltili aletler bir arada bulunmakla birlikte, Emireh uçlar ve chamfered parçalar gibi ÖÜP’e özgü aletler de ÖÜP yontmataş topluluğu içerisinde yer almaktadır. Kuzey ve Güney Levant boyunca farklı ekolojik alanlarda bulunan ÖÜP buluntu alanlarındaki yontmataş topluluklarında gözlenen tekno-tipolojik benzerlik ve farklılıklar keskin kültürel ve bölgesel sınırlar yerine gruplar arası etkileşimi ve çevresel adaptasyonu işaret etmektedir. Buna ek olarak, ÖÜP Dönem’deki teknolojik değişimin kökenine ilişkin yerel ve kademeli değişim, popülasyon değişimi ve gruplar arası kültürel etkileşim gibi farklı görüşler bulunmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalar, ÖÜP’te hem Geç Orta Paleolitik’ten alınan tekno-tipolojik özelliklerin devam ettiğini hem de bölgesel ve zamansal farklılıklar gösteren bir değişim sürecinin var olduğunu göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma Doğu Akdeniz Levant’ın ÖÜP’teki teknolojik değişimin yanında insan davranışları ve yayılımlarının anlaşılması açısından önemli bir bölge olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Abstract

The Levant region, which was a natural corridor for humans moving northward from Africa throughout the Pleistocene Period, has critical importance for understanding the dispersal, behavior, and technological changes of the humans of that period. This article evaluates the technological changes that occurred in the Eastern Mediterranean Levant during the Initial Upper Paleolithic Period (IUP) (50-35 thousand years) in light of current literature. The study examines the technological changes observed in the Levant during the IUP Period within the context of their connection to the Late Middle Paleolithic and Ahmarian. The IUP which includes features of both Middle Paleolithic and Upper Paleolithic Periods, is characterized by the coexistence of blade production from Levallois and prismatic core. Additionally, while Middle and Upper Paleolithic retouched tools existing together, retouched tools specific to the IUP, such as Emireh points and chamfered pieces, are also present within the IUP assemblages. The techno-typological similarities and differences observed in lithic assemblages from the IUP sites across diverse ecological zones throughout the Northern and Southern Levant indicate intergroup interaction and environmental adaptation rather than sharp cultural and regional boundaries. Additionally, there are various perspectives related to the origins of the technological change in the IUP, including local and gradual change, population shifts, and intergroup cultural interaction. Studies indicate that the IUP presents both continuation of techno-typological features inherited from the Late Middle Paleolithic and a process of change characterized by regional and temporal variations. In conclusion, the Eastern Mediterranean Levant is a significant region for understanding not only technological change but also human behavior and dispersal during the IUP.

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Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Kural, E. E. (2026). DOĞU AKDENIZ LEVANT’INDA ÖNCÜL ÜST PALEOLİTİK DÖNEM’DE TEKNOLOJİK DEĞİŞİMLER. Uluslararası Toplumsal Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 16–41. https://ajindex.com/articles/1606345

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