Dergiler / Kıbrıs Türk Psikiyatri ve Psikoloji Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Sağlık Okuryazarlığı, Sağlık Algısı ve Sağlık Kaygısı Arasındaki İlişki

The Relationship between Health Literacy, Health Perception, and Health Anxiety

Emine Murt(SİVAS CUMHURİYET ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0009-0000-0070-8648
Muhammet Gümüş(SİVAS CUMHURİYET ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-1278-6234
Yılmaz Daşlı(SİVAS CUMHURİYET ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0001-6569-1103
Sayfa
147–156
Yayın Tarihi
2026-06-24
🏛️Bu makalenin bibliyografik verileri ve tam metin bağlantısı DergiPark üzerinden sağlanmıştır.
DergiPark Kaydı ↗
✨

Yapay Zeka Hızlı Bakış & Çıkarımlar

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

Bulgular: Katılımcıların %67,9'u kadın, %32,1'i erkektir; %61,1'i 17–20 yaş aralığındadır.

📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale

🎯
Amaç & Hipotez:Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, üniversite öğrencileri arasında sağlık okuryazarlığı ve sağlık algısının sağlık kaygısı üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektir.
📊
Temel Bulgular & Veri:Yöntem: Araştırmanın evrenini 16.911 lisans öğrencisi oluşturmuş, örneklem ise 468 katılımcıdan oluşmuştur.
💡
Sonuç & Katkı:Bulgular: Katılımcıların %67,9'u kadın, %32,1'i erkektir; %61,1'i 17–20 yaş aralığındadır.
🔬Tür:Uygulamalı Anket & Alan Araştırması
📍Kapsam:468 katılımcı
⚙️Değişkenler:Sağlık Okuryazarlığı · Sağlık Algısı · Sağlık Kaygısı

Özet

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, üniversite öğrencileri arasında sağlık okuryazarlığı ve sağlık algısının sağlık kaygısı üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektir. Yöntem: Araştırmanın evrenini 16.911 lisans öğrencisi oluşturmuş, örneklem ise 468 katılımcıdan oluşmuştur. Parametrik test varsayımları karşılanmadığı için ikili grup karşılaştırmalarında Mann-Whitney U testi, üç veya daha fazla grubun karşılaştırmalarında ise Kruskal-Wallis H testi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Katılımcıların %67,9'u kadın, %32,1'i erkektir; %61,1'i 17–20 yaş aralığındadır. Ayrıca, katılımcıların %86,5'i kronik hastalığının olmadığını ve %83,8'i düzenli ilaç kullanmadığını belirtmiştir. Genel sağlık durumu puanı ortalaması 7,132; son bir yıldaki doktor ziyaret sayısı ortalaması ise 3,991 olarak bulunmuştur. Sağlık kaygısı ile sağlık algısı arasında negatif ve anlamlı bir ilişki (r = -0,274, p = 0,000) ve sağlık kaygısı ile sağlık okuryazarlığı arasında da negatif ve anlamlı bir ilişki (r = -0,206, p = 0,000) saptanmıştır. Ayrıca sağlık algısı ile sağlık okuryazarlığı arasında pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişki (r = 0,427, p = 0,000) bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Yüksek sağlık kaygısına sahip bireyler, sağlık algısı ve sağlık okuryazarlığı açısından olumsuz etkilenmektedir. Sağlık algısı yüksek olan bireyler, sağlıkla ilgili bilgilere daha kolay erişebilmekte ve bu bilgileri daha iyi analiz edebilmektedir. Bu bulgular, sağlık okuryazarlığı, sağlık algısı ve sağlık kaygısı arasındaki ilişkinin bireysel düzeyin ötesine geçerek halk sağlığı ve politika açısından da önemli sonuçlar doğurduğunu göstermektedir. Bu nedenle, bireysel ve toplumsal sağlığı kapsayan bütüncül bir yaklaşım benimsenmesi gereklidir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Sağlık Okuryazarlığı, Sağlık Algısı, Sağlık Kaygısı, Okuryazarlık, Algı, Kaygı

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the effects of health literacy and health perception on health anxiety among university students. Method: The study population consisted of 16,911 undergraduate students, and the sample included 468 participants. Since the assumptions of parametric tests were not met, the Mann-Whitney U test was used for binary group comparisons, and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparisons involving three or more groups. Findings: Of the participants, 67.9% were female and 32.1% were male; 61.1% were between the ages of 17–20. Additionally, 86.5% reported having no chronic illness, and 83.8% stated they did not use medication regularly. The mean general health status score was 7.132, and the mean number of physician visits in the past year was 3.991. A negative and significant relationship was found between health anxiety and health perception (r = -0.274, p = 0.000), as well as between health anxiety and health literacy (r = -0.206, p = 0.000). A positive and significant relationship was identified between health perception and health literacy (r = 0.427, p = 0.000). Conclusion: Individuals with high health anxiety are negatively affected in terms of both health perception and health literacy. Those with higher levels of health perception are better able to access and analyze health-related information. These findings indicate that the relationship between health literacy, health perception, and health anxiety extends beyond the individual level and has implications for public health and policy. Therefore, a holistic approach that addresses both individual and community health is essential.

🔖

Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Murt, E., Gümüş, M., Daşlı, Y. (2026). Sağlık Okuryazarlığı, Sağlık Algısı ve Sağlık Kaygısı Arasındaki İlişki. Kıbrıs Türk Psikiyatri ve Psikoloji Dergisi, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 147–156. https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.26.2.05

📄 Tam Metin PDF Okuyucu

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

Kaynakça (45)

  1. Abdelghani, M., Mahdy, R., & El-Gohari, H. (2021). Health anxiety to COVID-19 virus infection and its relationship to quality of life in a sample of healthcare workers in Egypt: A cross-sectional study. Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 1, 19–28. https://doi.org/10.12740/APP/130304
  2. Abramowitz, J. S., Schwartz, S. A., & Whiteside, S. P. (2002). A contemporary conceptual model of hypochondriasis. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 77(12), 1323–1330. https://doi.org/10.4065/77.12.1323
  3. Akar, B., & Karan, M. (2024). Examination of the relationship between vaccine hesitancy, health anxiety, and health literacy. Kastamonu Journal of Communication Research, 12, 267–294. https://doi.org/10.56676/kiad.1439426
  4. Akça, E., Gökyıldız Sürücü, Ş., & Akbaş, M. (2020). Health perception, health literacy, and related factors among pregnant women. İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 8(3), 630–642. https://doi.org/10.33715/inonusaglik.735467
  5. Akyol Güner, T., Kuzu, A., & Bayraktaroğlu, T. (2020). Health literacy and rational drug use among individuals with diabetes. Turkish Journal of Diabetes and Obesity, 4(3), 214–223. https://doi.org/10.25048/tudod.775075
  6. Asmundson, G. J., Taylor, S., Carleton, R. N., Weeks, J. W., & Hadjstavropoulos, H. D. (2012). Should health anxiety be carved out as a distinct syndrome? Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26(1), 246–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.11.009
  7. Aydemir, Ö., Kirpınar, İ., Sati, T., Uykur, B., & Cengisiz, C. (2013). Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Health Anxiety Inventory. Nöro Psikiyatri Arşivi, 50(4), 325–331. https://doi.org/10.4274/npa.y6383
  8. Bailer, J., et al. (2015). Health literacy and 30-day hospital readmission. BMJ Open, 5(6), e006975. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006975
  9. Baker, D. W. (2006). The meaning and the measure of health literacy. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21(8), 878–883. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00540.x
  10. Bayık Temel, A., & Aras, Z. (2017). Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Health Literacy Scale. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 25(2), 85–94. https://doi.org/10.17672/fnhd.94626
  11. Daşlı, Y., Bakırer, A., & Mısırlıoğlu, A. (2022). The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on health literacy: A field study. Cumhuriyet University Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 23(2), 585–597. https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.1070217
  12. Diamond, J. J., Becker, J. A., Arenson, C. A., Chambers, C. V., & Rosenthal, M. P. (2007). Development of a scale to measure adults' perceptions of health: Preliminary findings. Journal of Community Psychology, 35(5), 557–571. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20164
  13. Erdoğan, Ö. N., & Araman, A. O. (2017). Health beliefs and functional health literacy: Interaction with pharmaceutical services. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, 47(2), 68–71. https://doi.org/10.5152/IstanbulJPharm.2017.0011
  14. Fernández de la Hoz, K., & León, D. A. (1996). Self-perceived health status and inequalities in use of health services in Spain. International Journal of Epidemiology, 25(3), 593–603. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/25.3.593
  15. Furuya, Y., Kondo, N., Yamagata, Z., & Hashimoto, H. (2015). Health literacy, socioeconomic status, and self-rated health in Japan. Health Promotion International, 30(3), 505–513. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dat071
  16. George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference (11.0 update). Allyn & Bacon. ISBN: 0205375529; 9780205375523
  17. Granqvist, P., & Kirkpatrick, L. A. (2004). Religious conversion and perceived childhood attachment: A meta-analysis. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 14(4), 223– 250. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327582ijpr1404_1
  18. Grotz, M., Hapke, U., Lampert, T., & Baumeister, H. (2011). Health locus of control and health behaviour: Results from a nationally representative survey. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 16(2), 129–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2010.521570
  19. Kadıoğlu, H., & Yıldız, A. (2012). The validity and reliability of the Turkish adaptation of the Health Perception Scale. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences, 32, 47–53. https://doi.org/10.5336/medsci.2010-21761
  20. Karakoyunlu Şen, S., & Kılıç Öztürk, Y. (2020). The relationship between health perception and cancer screening awareness. Turkish Journal of Family Practice, 24(4), 175–183. https://doi.org/10.15511/tahd.20.00475
  21. Kıbrıs, Ş., & Kızılkaya, S. (2023). Examination of the effect of e-health literacy level on health perception. Journal of Health and Social Welfare Research, 5(2), 241–250. https://doi.org/10.55050/sarad.1302676
  22. Kıraç, R., & Öztürk, Y. E. (2020). The relationship between public health literacy levels and health anxiety. Sociology Research Journal, 23(2), 214–243. https://doi.org/10.18490/sosars.819000
  23. Kuloğlu, Y., & Uslu, K. (2022). The effect of health literacy levels on health perception among future healthcare professionals. Doğuş University Journal, 23(1), 255–277. https://doi.org/10.31671/doujournal.955317
  24. Kurçer, M. A., Erdoğan, Z., & Kardeş, V. Ç. (2021). The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on health anxiety and cyberchondria levels of university students. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 58(1), 132–140. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12850
  25. Melli, G., Carraresi, C., Poli, A., & Bailey, R. (2016). The role of metacognitive beliefs in health anxiety. Personality and Individual Differences, 89, 80–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.10.006
  26. Mert, E., & Keklik, B. (2023). Examination of the relationship between the health literacy level and health anxiety of individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Business Sciences, 11(1), 49–62. https://doi.org/10.22139/jobs.1210184
  27. Norton, P. J., Sexton, K. A., Walker, J. R., & Norton, G. R. (2005). Hierarchical model of vulnerabilities for anxiety: Replication and extension with a clinical sample. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 34(1), 50–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506070410005401
  28. Nutbeam, D. (1998). Health promotion glossary. Health Promotion International, 13(4), 349–364. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/13.4.349
  29. Nutbeam, D. (2000). Health literacy as a public health goal. Health Promotion International, 15(3), 259–267. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/15.3.259
  30. Özcan, G., & Özkaraman, A. (2021). Health literacy levels and affecting factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Dokuz Eylül University Nursing Faculty Electronic Journal, 14(1), 3–16. https://doi.org/10.46483/deuhfed.691680
  31. Özişli, Ö. (2023). A field study on the relationship between rational drug use and health perception. JSHSR, 10(94), 981–986. https://doi.org/10.26450/jshsr.3629
  32. Özsoy, H., & Şentürk, S. (2021). Determination of health perception and healthy lifestyle behaviors of health services vocational school students. İnönü University Health Services Vocational School Journal, 9(3), 896–913. https://doi.org/10.33715/inonusaglik.818550
  33. Salkovskis, P. M., Rimes, K. A., Warwick, H. M., & Clark, D. M. (2002). The Health Anxiety Inventory: Development and validation of scales for the measurement of health anxiety and hypochondriasis. Psychological Medicine, 32(5), 843–853. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291702005822
  34. Saravia, J. C., & Chau, C. (2018). What factors are related to self-perceived health? Journal of Behavior, Health & Social Issues, 9(2), 111–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbhsi.2017.11.003
  35. Shah, L. C., West, P., Bremmeyr, K., & Savoy-Moore, R. T. (2010). Health literacy instruments in family medicine: The “Newest Vital Sign” ease of use and correlates. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 23(2), 195–203. https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2010.02.070278
  36. Sørensen, K., Van den Broucke, S., Pelikan, J. M., et al. (2013). Measuring health literacy in populations: Illuminating the design and development process of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q). BMC Public Health, 13, 948. https://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/13/948
  37. Souto, T. S., Ramires, A., Leite, Â., Santos, V., & Santo, R. E. (2018). Health perception: Validation of a scale for the Portuguese population. Trends in Psychology, 26(4), 2185–2201. https://doi.org/10.9788/TP2018.4-17En
  38. Soysal, A., & Obuz, E. (2020). Health literacy: A study on Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Health Management students. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Journal of Social Sciences, 17(2), 1198–1217. https://doi.org/10.33437/ksusbd.677560
  39. Svendsen, M. T., Bak, C. K., Sørensen, K., et al. (2020). Associations of health literacy with socioeconomic position, health risk behavior, and health status: A large national population-based survey among Danish adults. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 565. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08498-8
  40. Turgut, M., Eryalçın, M., & Kutlu, G. (2023). Mental health literacy levels and general health perceptions of faculty of health sciences students. Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 15(Suppl. 1), 203–212. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1282559
  41. Türe Yılmaz, A., Çulha, İ., Kersu, Ö., Gümüş, D., Ünsal, A., & Köşgeroğlu, N. (2018). Health perceptions of surgical patients and influencing factors. The Journal of Academic Social Science, 6(68), 89–99. https://doi.org/10.16992/ASOS.13536
  42. Türk Dil Kurumu. (2024). Güncel Türkçe Sözlük [Current Turkish Dictionary]. Retrieved February 1, 2024, from https://sozluk.gov.tr/
  43. Wolf, M. S., Davis, T. C., & Parker, R. M. (2007). Editorial: The emerging field of health literacy research. American Journal of Health Behavior, 31(Suppl. 1), 3–5. https://doi.org/10.5993/AJHB.31.s1.1
  44. World Health Organization. (2018). World health statistics 2018: Monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/272596
  45. Yorulmaz, E., & Dirik, G. (2018). Factors related to health anxiety: Is there a role of attachment in health anxiety? Dokuz Eylül University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 20(3), 443–459. https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.347861