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Dergiler / Adalet Dergisi / 2026 / Sayı: 76

ULUSLARARASI KAMU HUKUKUNUN ENERJİ ALANINDAKİ DÖNÜŞÜMÜ

The Transformation of International Public Law in the Energy Sector

Sadullah Özel(BATMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, İKTİSADİ VE İDARİ BİLİMLER FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0003-4053-873X
Sayfa
745–788
Yayın Tarihi
2026-03-30
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⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

Bu sahadaki kapsamlı dönüşümün, devlet ve diğer aktörler arasındaki enerji odaklı uyuşmazlıkların çözümünde özgün yöntemlerin ve yaklaşımların geliştirilmesine de yol açtığı tespit edilmiştir.

📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale

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Amaç & Hipotez:Uluslararası kamu hukukunun enerji alanında geçirdiği dönüşüm; doğal kaynaklar üzerinde daimî egemenlik ilkesi etrafında şekillenen geleneksel “enerji egemenliği” yaklaşımından tam bir kopuş anlamına gelmemektedir.
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Temel Bulgular & Veri:Makale; devletler, uluslararası örgütler, yatırımcılar, şirketler ve sivil toplumun rol aldığı çok aktörlü enerji yönetimi ve düzenleme rejimini, yatırım tahkiminde kamusal menfaat argümanlarının görünürlüğünü, iklim davaları ve danışma görüşleriyle pekişen yeni sorumluluk alanlarını ve yumuşak hukuk araçlarının enerji projelerine etkisini; uluslararası hukuk perspektifinden analiz etmektedir.
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Sonuç & Katkı:Bu sahadaki kapsamlı dönüşümün, devlet ve diğer aktörler arasındaki enerji odaklı uyuşmazlıkların çözümünde özgün yöntemlerin ve yaklaşımların geliştirilmesine de yol açtığı tespit edilmiştir.
🔬Tür:Uygulamalı Anket & Alan Araştırması
📍Kapsam:Genişletilmiş Akademik Örneklem
⚙️Değişkenler:Uluslararası enerji hukuku · uluslararası kamu hukuku · egemenlik

Özet

Uluslararası kamu hukukunun enerji alanında geçirdiği dönüşüm; doğal kaynaklar üzerinde daimî egemenlik ilkesi etrafında şekillenen geleneksel “enerji egemenliği” yaklaşımından tam bir kopuş anlamına gelmemektedir. Ancak bu süreçte, iklim değişikliği ve çevresel sürdürülebilirlik bağlamında güçlenen “egemenliğin sorumluluk boyutuna” yönelik yeni bir eksenin oluştuğu görülmektedir. Enerji arz güvenliği, yatırım koruması ve ekonomik kalkınma hedefleri, giderek artan biçimde; özen yükümlülüğü, katılımcılık ve insan hakları standartlarıyla aynı normatif alanda kesişmektedir. Makale; devletler, uluslararası örgütler, yatırımcılar, şirketler ve sivil toplumun rol aldığı çok aktörlü enerji yönetimi ve düzenleme rejimini, yatırım tahkiminde kamusal menfaat argümanlarının görünürlüğünü, iklim davaları ve danışma görüşleriyle pekişen yeni sorumluluk alanlarını ve yumuşak hukuk araçlarının enerji projelerine etkisini; uluslararası hukuk perspektifinden analiz etmektedir. Bu açıdan bakıldığında, hukukun üstünlüğünün insan hakları merkezli ilkelerinin, çok katmanlı ve paydaşlı enerji hukuku süreçlerine hâkim olması yönünde, özgün bir yaklaşım gelişmektedir. Makalede, çevresel ve sosyal etki doğuran enerji projeleri, devletin özen yükümlülüğü, şeffaflık standartları ve yatırımcı sorumluluğu boyutuyla değerlendirilmiştir. Enerji alanındaki uluslararası uyuşmazlıkların, uluslararası kamu hukukunun dönüşüm biçimi ve seyrini okumada önemli bir gözlem sahası olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu sahadaki kapsamlı dönüşümün, devlet ve diğer aktörler arasındaki enerji odaklı uyuşmazlıkların çözümünde özgün yöntemlerin ve yaklaşımların geliştirilmesine de yol açtığı tespit edilmiştir.

Abstract

The transformation in international public law regarding energy does not constitute a complete break with the traditional approach of "energy sovereignty," which is based on the principle of permanent sovereignty over natural resources. However, during this process, it appears that a new axis has emerged regarding the "responsibility dimension of sovereignty" within the context of climate change and environmental sustainability. Energy supply security, investment protection, and economic development goals are increasingly intersecting within the same normative framework as due diligence, participation, and human rights standards. Article; It analyzes from an international law perspective the multi-stakeholder energy governance and regulatory regime involving states, international organizations, investors, companies, and civil society; the visibility of public interest arguments in investment arbitration; new areas of liability reinforced by climate litigation and advisory opinions; and the impact of soft law instruments on energy projects. From this perspective, a distinctive approach is emerging whereby the human rights-centered principles of the rule of law are to prevail in multi-layered and stakeholder-driven energy law processes. In the article, energy projects that have environmental and social impacts are evaluated from the perspective of the state's duty of care, transparency standards, and investor responsibility. It is determined that international disputes in the energy sector constitute an important observational field for understanding the transformation and trajectory of international public law. It has been determined that the comprehensive transformation in this field has also led to the development of unique methods and approaches for resolving energy-related disputes between the state and other actors.

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Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Özel, S. (2026). ULUSLARARASI KAMU HUKUKUNUN ENERJİ ALANINDAKİ DÖNÜŞÜMÜ. Adalet Dergisi, Sayı: 76, 745–788. https://doi.org/10.57083/adaletdergisi.1918853

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