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Siirt ili yarı kurak iklim koşullarında tesis edilen fıstık bahçelerinde toprak organik karbon stokunun değerlendirilmesi

Assessment of soil organic carbon stock in pistachio orchards established under semi-arid climates of Siirt province, Türkiye

Mesut Budak(Siirt Üniversitesi)0000-0001-5715-1246
Miraç Kiliç(Turgut Özal Üniversitesi)0000-0001-8026-5540
Kübra Polat(Harran Üniversitesi)0000-0003-2966-8699
Elif Günal(HARRAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-0624-2919
Mesut Sırrı(Siirt Üniversitesi)0000-0001-9793-9599
Reşat Yolbaş(SİİRT ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0009-0000-8244-397X
Sayfa
286–298
Yayın Tarihi
2025-06-16
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⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

Bu durum, Siirtfıstığı bahçelerindeki tarımsal uygulamaların toprak agregasyonunu bozarak organik karbon mineralizasyonunu hızlandırdığını ve toprağın zaman içinde organik madde tutma kabiliyetini azalttığını göstermektedir.

📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale

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Amaç & Hipotez:Tarım arazilerinin yönetimi, küresel karbon (C) döngüsünde çok önemli bir rol oynamaktadır.
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Temel Bulgular & Veri:Bu çalışmada son dönemlerde Siirt iline bağlı Kurtalan ilçesinde yetiştiriciliği önemli oranda artan Siirt Fıstık bahçelerinde toprak organik C stoku (TOCS)’nun belirlenmesi ve yersel değişimlerinin haritalanarak izlenebilirliğinin sağlanması amaçlanmıştır.
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Sonuç & Katkı:Bu durum, Siirtfıstığı bahçelerindeki tarımsal uygulamaların toprak agregasyonunu bozarak organik karbon mineralizasyonunu hızlandırdığını ve toprağın zaman içinde organik madde tutma kabiliyetini azalttığını göstermektedir.
🔬Tür:Deneysel Tarla Denemesi
📍Kapsam:Genişletilmiş Akademik Örneklem
⚙️Değişkenler:Toprak Organik Karbonu · Yersel Değişim · Siirt Fıstık Bahçeleri

Özet

Tarım arazilerinin yönetimi, küresel karbon (C) döngüsünde çok önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Yoğun toprak işleme, toprak organik karbonunun (SOC) mineralizasyonunu artıran ve CO₂ olarak atmosfere salınmasına yol açan başlıca faktörlerden biridir. Bu çalışmada son dönemlerde Siirt iline bağlı Kurtalan ilçesinde yetiştiriciliği önemli oranda artan Siirt Fıstık bahçelerinde toprak organik C stoku (TOCS)’nun belirlenmesi ve yersel değişimlerinin haritalanarak izlenebilirliğinin sağlanması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, 72 farklı fıstık bahçesinden 0-20 cm derinlikten toprak örnekleri alınmıştır. Alınan toprak örneklerinin toprak organik C (TOC) içeriği ve hacim ağırlığı belirlenerek TOCS değerleri hesaplanmış ve yersel değişimleri haritalanmıştır. TOC içeriği 2.85 g kg-¹ ile 26 g kg-¹ arasında değişirken, SOCS değerleri 8.97 t ha-¹ ile 73.74 t ha-¹ arasında değişmiştir. Çalışma alanındaki farklı tekstür gruplarına ait toprak örnekleri arasında TOC ve TOCS değerlerinde önemli düzeyde değişkenlik gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca, meyve bahçesi yaşı arttıkça, SOC ve SOCS değerleri önemli ölçüde azalmıştır. 20 yaş ve üzeri Siirtfıstığı bahçelerinde TOC ve TOCS değerleri 5 yaş ve altı bahçelere göre sırası ile %20.3 ve %22.7 oranında azalmıştır. TOC içeriğindeki bu düşüş, toprak agregat stabilitesinin önemli bir göstergesi olan SOC:Kil oranına da yansımış ve genç bahçelerde ortalama 0.32 iken yaşlı bahçelerde 0.20'ye düşmüştür. Bu durum, Siirtfıstığı bahçelerindeki tarımsal uygulamaların toprak agregasyonunu bozarak organik karbon mineralizasyonunu hızlandırdığını ve toprağın zaman içinde organik madde tutma kabiliyetini azalttığını göstermektedir. Bu sonuçlar, yarı kurak iklime sahip Siirtfıstığı ekim alanlarında toprak bütünlüğünü korumak, karbon tutma oranını artırmak ve uzun vadeli tarımsal sürdürülebilirliği desteklemek için sürdürülebilir toprak yönetimi stratejilerine acil ihtiyaç olduğunu göstermektedir.

Abstract

The management of agricultural lands plays a crucial role in the global carbon (C) cycle. Intensive soil tillage is one of the primary factors contributing to the mineralization of soil organic carbon (SOC), leading to its release into the atmosphere as CO₂. This study determined the soil organic carbon stock (SOCS) in pistachio-growing areas, which have expanded significantly in recent years in Kurtalan district, Siirt province. Spatial variation of SOCS was also mapped within the study area to ensure its long-term monitoring over time. For this purpose, soil samples were collected from a depth of 0–20 cm in 72 pistachio orchards. The soil organic C (SOC) content and bulk density (Bd) of the collected soil samples were determined, and SOCS values were calculated to generate spatial distribution maps. The SOC content ranged from 2.85 g kg⁻¹ to 26 g kg⁻¹, while SOCS varied between 8.97 t ha⁻¹ and 73.74 t ha⁻¹. Significant variability in SOC and SOCS was observed among soil samples belonging to different texture groups. Additionally, SOC and SOCS values significantly decreased as orchard age increased. The SOC and SOCS values decreased by 20.3% and 22.7%, respectively in pistachio orchards older than 20 years compared 5 years old or younger orchards. This decline in SOC content was also reflected in the SOC:Clay ratio, a key indicator of soil structure stability, which dropped from an average of 0.32 in younger orchards to 0.20 in older orchards. This suggests that agricultural practices in pistachio orchards disrupt soil aggregation, accelerating organic C mineralization and reducing the soil’s ability to retain organic matter over time. These results show the urgent need for sustainable soil management strategies to preserve soil integrity, enhance C retention, and support long-term agricultural sustainability in semiarid pistachio cultivation areas.

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Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Budak, M., Kiliç, M., Polat, K., Günal, E., Sırrı, M., Yolbaş, R. (2025). Siirt ili yarı kurak iklim koşullarında tesis edilen fıstık bahçelerinde toprak organik karbon stokunun değerlendirilmesi. Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 2, 286–298. https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.1656156

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