KaydedilenlerDerginizi ekleyin

Dergiler / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi / 2026 / Sayı: 28

Yabancı dil sınıflarında İngilizce konuşma kaygısı üzerine bir derleme çalışması

A growing dilemma: English speaking anxiety-in-EFL classrooms: A review of research

Devrim Höl(Pamukkale Üniversitesi, Eğitim Fakültesi, İngiliz Dili Eğitimi ABD)0000-0001-5151-2581
Yusuf Kasımi(Düzce Üniversitesi, Eğitim Fakültesi, İngiliz Dili Eğitimi ABD)0000-0003-0613-8812
Sayfa
421–438
Yayın Tarihi
2022-06-21
🏛️Bu makalenin bibliyografik verileri ve tam metin bağlantısı DergiPark üzerinden sağlanmıştır.
DergiPark Kaydı ↗
✨

Yapay Zeka Hızlı Bakış & Çıkarımlar

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

Bulgular konuşma kaygısı üzerine yapılan çalışma sayısının son on yılda artmakta olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale

🎯
Amaç & Hipotez:Bu çalışma, temel olarak yabancı dil olarak İngilizce öğrenen öğrencilerin konuşma kaygısının mevcut durumunun bazı değişkenler açısından tartışmayı amaçlayan bir derlemedir.
📊
Temel Bulgular & Veri:Farklı veri tabanlarında indekslenen dergiler taranmış ve inceleme için 59 çalışma seçilmiştir.
💡
Sonuç & Katkı:Bulgular konuşma kaygısı üzerine yapılan çalışma sayısının son on yılda artmakta olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.
🔬Tür:Uygulamalı Anket & Alan Araştırması
📍Kapsam:Genişletilmiş Akademik Örneklem
⚙️Değişkenler:İkinci/yabancı dil olarak İngilizce öğrenme · konuşma kaygısı · sistematik derleme

Özet

Bu çalışma, temel olarak yabancı dil olarak İngilizce öğrenen öğrencilerin konuşma kaygısının mevcut durumunun bazı değişkenler açısından tartışmayı amaçlayan bir derlemedir. Farklı veri tabanlarında indekslenen dergiler taranmış ve inceleme için 59 çalışma seçilmiştir. Bulgular konuşma kaygısı üzerine yapılan çalışma sayısının son on yılda artmakta olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bulgular, Türkiye'deki öğretmenler, kurumlar, program geliştiriciler ve öğrencilerden oluşan tüm paydaşlar için Türkiye'deki yabancı dil olarak İngilizce öğrenen öğrencilerin konuşma kaygısı konusunda önemli bilgiler vermektedir. Konuşma kaygısının en çok bildirilen nedenleri, öğrencilerin hata yapma ve başkalarıyla kıyaslanma korkusu, yeterlilik düzeyleri ve cinsiyet türleridir. Bu çalışmanın amacı (a) çalışmaların katılımcı seçim sürecini (b) yabancı dil olarak İngilizce öğretimi sınıflarında konuşma kaygısının temel nedenlerini (c) yeterlilik düzeyi, İngilizce öğrenme geçmişi ve cinsiyet de dâhil olmak üzere bazı değişkenlere göre bir fark olup olmadığını (d) katılımcıların konuşma kaygısı açısından kendilerini nasıl algıladıkları bulmaktır. Herhangi bir dilde iletişim kurmak için kullanılan dört beceriden biri konuşma becerisi olduğu için, bu sorulara çözüm bulmak ve yabancı dil olarak İngilizce öğrenen öğrencilerin konuşma becerilerinin gelişimini sağlamak gerçekten önemlidir. Bu yazının kurumlara, araştırmacılara, öğrencilere, öğretmenlere ve müfredat tasarımcılarına yabancı dil sınıflarında konuşma kaygısı konusunda farkındalık kazanmaları ve öğrenmeyi geliştirmeye yardımcı olan sınıflarda daha rahat bir ortam yaratmalarına yardımcı olacağına inanılmaktadır.

Abstract

The current study aims to discuss the current situation of research on speaking anxiety of EFL learners through some variables. The journals indexed in various databases were searched and 59 studies were selected for the review by considering (a) the participant selection process of the studies (b) the main causes of speaking anxiety in EFL classrooms (c) whether there is any difference according to some variables including level of proficiency, gender, and English learning background (d) how the participants perceive themselves in terms of speaking anxiety. It was found that the number of studies on speaking anxiety has been on the increase in the last decade. When it comes to the causes of speaking anxiety in the bunch of studies, the foremost and most reported cause of speaking anxiety is learners’ fear of making mistakes, being compared by others, proficiency level and gender type. As speaking one of the four skills to communicate in any language, it is important to find solutions to these questions and enhance the development of the EFL learners’ speaking skills. The findings yield important insights on Turkish EFL learners speaking anxiety in English for all the stakeholders ranging from teachers and learners. In addition, it is hoped that, from the sociological perspective, this paper will pave a way to rethink and criticize the local context in countries which do not include oral exams in their national standardized testing system and mandate receptive skills.

🔖

Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Höl, D., Kasımi, Y. (2022). Yabancı dil sınıflarında İngilizce konuşma kaygısı üzerine bir derleme çalışması. RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, Sayı: 28, 421–438. https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1132581

📄 Tam Metin PDF Okuyucu

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

Kaynakça (95)

  1. Abrar, Mukhlash. (2017). An Investigation into Indonesian EFL University Students’ Speaking Anxiety. Journal of English Education and Linguistics Studies. 4. 93-120. DOI: 10.30762/jeels.v4i2.358
  2. Akcan, S., Aydın, B., Karaman, C., Korkmazgil, S., Özbilgin, A., Seferoğlu, S., &Selvi, A. F. (2015). “Expectations of Stateholders in Higher Education Sector from ELT Job Applicants”. Paper presented at the Association for Teacher Education in Europe (ATEE) 40th Annual Conference 2015: Teacher Education through Partnerships and Collaborative Learning Communities, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, August, 2015.
  3. Akkakoson, S. (2016). Speaking Anxiety in English Conversation Classrooms among Thai Students. Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction, 13(1), 63-82.DOI: 10.32890/mjli2016.13.1.4
  4. Akkakoson, Songyut. (2016). Reflections from teachers and students on speaking anxiety in an EFL classroom. Journal of Language and Cultural Education. 4. 10.1515/jolace-2016-0025. DOI: 10.1515/jolace-2016-0025
  5. Al Hosni, S. (2014). Speaking difficulties encountered by young EFL learners. International Journal on Studies in English Language and Literature (IJSELL), 2(6), 22-30.
  6. Alghothani, D. (2010). Foreign language anxiety in an intermediate Arabic reading course: A comparison of heritage and foreign language learners (Doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University).
  7. Amorim, R. M. (2013). Transforming Passive Listeners into Active Speakers: A Study with Portuguese Undergraduates in" English for the Social Sciences". English Language Teaching, 6(4), 110-119. DOI: 10.5539/ELT.V6N4P110
  8. Andrade, M., & Williams, K. (2009). Foreign language learning anxiety in Japanese EFL university classes: Physical, emotional, expressive, and verbal reactions. Sophia Junior College Faculty Journal, 29(1), 1-24.
  9. Anwari, A. (2019). Investigating the Causes and Negative Effects of English Language Speaking Anxiety: A Case Study among EFL Learners at Kandahar University. American International Journal of Education and Linguistics Research, 2(2), 10-21. DOI: 10.46545/AIJELR.V2I2.77
  10. Ariyanti, A. (2016). Psychological factors affecting EFL students’ speaking performance. ASIAN TEFL Journal of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, 1(1).DOI: 10.21462/ASIANTEFL.V1I1.14
  11. Aydin, S., Harputlu, L., Celik, S. S., Ustuk, O., &Guzel, S. (2017). Age, gender and grade effect on foreign language anxiety among children. TEFLIN Journal, 28(2), 133-154. DOI: 10.15639/TEFLINJOURNAL.V28I2/133-154
  12. Aydoğan, H., Akbarova, A. A., Doğan, A., Gonen, K., Tuncdemir, E., &Kerla, M. (2013). I can understand but cannot speak": Language anxiety for oral communication. Global Challenge, 1(2), 17-30.
  13. Baharuddin, S. S., & Rashid, S. M. (2014). English language learning anxiety and oral performance among undergraduate ESL learners. Journal of Language and Communication, 1(2), 137-154.
  14. Barabas, C. D. (2013). Investigating ESL university students’ language anxiety in the aural-oral communication classroom. Unpublished master’s thesis, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines.
  15. Barbara Downe‐Wamboldt RN, PhD (1992) Content analysis: Method, applications, and issues, Health Care for Women International, 13:3, 313-321, DOI: 10.1080/07399339209516006
  16. Batiha, J., Noor, N. M., &Mustaffa, R. (2016). Speaking Anxiety among English as a Foreign Language Learner in Jordan: Quantitative Research. International Journal of Education and Research. 4. 63-82.
  17. Bensalem, E. (2017). Exploring Foreign Language Anxiety among English-Major Undergraduate Students= استكشافالقلقالمرتبطبتعلماللغةالأجنبيةلدىالطلابالمتخصصينفياللغةالإنجليزية. Journal of the North for Humanities, 327(3789), 1-14.‎ DOI: 10.12816/0031340
  18. Berg, B. L. (2001). Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. DOI: 10.2307/1317652
  19. Booth, A., Sutton, A., and Papaioannou, D. (2016). Systematic approaches to a successful literature review. Sage.
  20. Bozkirli, K. Ç. (2019). An Analysis of the Speaking Anxiety of Turkish Teacher Candidates. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 7(4), 79-85. DOI: 10.11114/jets.v7i4.4060
  21. Çağatay, S. (2015). Examining EFL students’ foreign language speaking anxiety: The case at a Turkish state university. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 199, 648-656. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.07.594
  22. Cakici, D. (2016). The Correlation among EFL Learners' Test Anxiety, Foreign Language Anxiety and Language Achievement. English Language Teaching, 9(8), 190-203. DOI: 10.5539/elt.v9n8p190
  23. Campbell, C. M., and Ortiz, J. (1991). Helping students overcome foreign language anxiety: A foreign language anxiety workshop. Language anxiety: From theory and research to classroom implications, 153-168.
  24. Carreira, J. M. (2006). Motivation for learning English as a foreign language in Japanese elementary schools. Jalt journal, 28(2), 135. DOI: 10.37546/JALTJJ28.2-2
  25. Cesur, K. (2020). The Use of Magic Card Tricks in Teaching English to Young Learners. Trakya Eğitim Dergisi, 10 (1), 263-275. DOI: 10.24315/tred.582738
  26. Coskun, A. (2016). Causes of the" I Can Understand English but I Can't Speak" Syndrome in Turkey. Journal on English Language Teaching, 6(3), 1-12. DOI: 10.26634/jelt.6.3.8174
  27. Cutrone, P. (2009). Overcoming Japanese EFL learners' fear of speaking. Language studies working papers, 1, 55-63. DOI: 10069/28554
  28. Dalkiliç, N. (2001). The role of foreign language classroom anxiety in English speaking courses. ÇukurovaÜniversitesiSosyalBilimlerEnstitüsüDergisi, 8(8).
  29. Debreli, E., &Demirkan, S. (2015). Sources and levels of foreign language speaking anxiety of English as a foreign language university students with regard to language proficiency and gender. International Journal of English Language Education, 4(1), 49-62. DOI: 10.5296/ijele.v4i1.8715
  30. Demirdaş, Ö., &Bozdoğan, D. (2015). Foreign Language Anxiety and Performance of Language Learners in Preparatory Classes. Turkish Journal of Education, 2(3). DOI: 10.19128/turje.181060
  31. Elaldi, S. (2016). Foreign Language Anxiety of Students Studying English Language and Literature: A Sample from Turkey. Educational Research and Reviews, 11(6), 219-228. DOI: 10.5897/ERR2015.2507
  32. Ellis, R. (2008). Learner beliefs and language learning. Asian EFL Journal, 10(4), 7-25.
  33. Espinoza, S., & Gabriela, M. (2019). “Analysis of self-efficacy and anxiety effects on the speaking skill development at novenoaño de educaciónbásica “a” at unidadeducativa “capitánedmundochiriboga” in the city of riobamba, chimborazo province, in the academic term 2018-2019” (Bachelor's thesis, Riobamba).
  34. Ganschow, L., Sparks, R. L., Anderson, R., Javorshy, J., Skinner, S., & Patton, J. (1994). Differences in language performance among high‐, average‐, and low‐anxious college foreign language learners. The Modern Language Journal, 78(1), 41-55. DOI: 10.2307/329251
  35. Genc G., Kuluşaklı E. &Aydın S. (2016). Foreign language speaking anxiety and anxiety coping strategies employed by Turkish EFL learners. Proceedings of ICERI2016 Conference, 417-423. 10.21125/iceri.2016.1105. DOI: 10.21125/iceri.2016.1105
  36. Gopang, I. B., Bughio, F. A., & Pathan, H. (2018). Investigating foreign language learning anxiety among students learning English in a public sector university, Pakistan. MOJES: Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 3(4), 27-37.
  37. Gopang, I. B., Umrani, T. H., Bughio, F. A., &Lohar, S. (2015). English speaking anxiety: A study of undergraduate students of English. International Researcher, International Researchers 4(1), 54-61.
  38. Gürsoy, E., & Akin, F. (2013). Is younger really better? Anxiety about learning a foreign language in Turkish children. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 41(5), 827-841. DOI: 10.2224/sbp.2013.41.5.827
  39. Gursoy, E., & Korkmaz, H. (2018). Speaking anxiety of freshmen and senior ELT prospective teachers. EğitimdeKuramveUygulama, 14 (1), 48-60. DOI:10.17244/eku.346886
  40. Hamzaoğlu, H., &Koçoğlu, Z. (2016). The application of podcasting as an instructional tool to improve Turkish EFL learners’ speaking anxiety. Educational Media International, 53(4), 313-326. DOI: 10.1080/09523987.2016.1254889
  41. Han, T., Tanriöver, A. S., &Sahan, Ö. (2016). EFL Students' and Teachers' Attitudes toward Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety: A Look at NESTs and Non-NESTs. International Education Studies, 9(3), 1-11. DOI: 10.5539/ies.v9n3p1
  42. He, Deyuan. (2013). What makes learners anxious while speaking English: A comparative study of the perceptions held by university students and teachers in China. Educational Studies. 39. DOI:10.1080/03055698.2013.764819
  43. Horwitz, E.K., Horwitz, M.B., & Cope, J.T. (1986). Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety. The Modern Language Journal, 70(2), pp. 125-132. DOI: 10.2307/327317
  44. Karatas, H., Alci, B., Bademcioglu, M., &Ergin, A. (2016). An Investigation into University Students’ Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 232, 382-388. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.10.053
  45. Kasap, S. & Power, K. M. (2019). Anxiety in the EFL Speaking Classrooms. The Journal of Language Teaching and Learning, 9(2), 23-36.
  46. Kayaoğlu, M. N., &Sağlamel, H. (2013). Students’ perceptions of language anxiety in speaking classes. Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 2(2), 142-160. DOI: 10.7596/TAKSAD.V2I2.245
  47. Kleinmann, H. H. (1977). Avoidance behavior in adult second language acquisition 1. Language learning, 27(1), 93-107. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-1770.1977.tb00294.x
  48. Koçak, M. (2010). A novice teacher's action research on EFL learners’ speaking anxiety. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 3, 138-143. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.025
  49. Köksal, O., Arslan, C., &Bakla, A. (2014). An investigation into foreign language learning anxiety, stress and personality in higher education. International Journal on New Trends in Education and their Implications (IJONTE), 5(2), 199-208.
  50. Kondo, D. S., & Ying-Ling, Y. (2004). Strategies for coping with language anxiety: The case of students of English in Japan. Elt Journal, 58(3), 258-265. DOI: 10.1093/elt/58.3.258
  51. Krashen, S. (1982). Principles and practice in second language acquisition. DOI: 10.2307/3586656
  52. Lian, L.H., &Budin, M.B. (2014). Investigating the relationship between English language anxiety and the achievement of school based oral English test among Malaysian form four students. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 2(1), pp. 67-79
  53. Liu, M. (2006). Anxiety in Chinese EFL students at different proficiency levels. System, 34(3), 301-316. DOI: 10.1016/j.system.2006.04.004
  54. MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1989). Anxiety and second‐language learning: Toward a theoretical clarification. Language learning, 39(2), 251-275. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-1770.1989.tb00423.x
  55. MacIntyre, P. D., Clément, R., Dörnyei, Z., & Noels, K. A. (1998). Conceptualizing willingness to communicate in a L2: A situational model of L2 confidence and affiliation. The Modern Language Journal, 82(4), 545-562. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-4781.1998.tb05543.x
  56. Marzec-Stawiarska, M. (2015). Investigating foreign language speaking anxiety among advanced learners of English. In Issues in teaching, learning and testing speaking in a second language (pp. 103-119). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-38339-7_7
  57. Mede, E., &Karaırmak, Ö. (2017). The predictor roles of speaking anxiety and English self efficacy on foreign language speaking anxiety. Journal of Teacher Education and Educators, 6(1), 117-131.
  58. Melouah, A. (2013). Foreign Language Anxiety in EFL Speaking Classrooms: A Case Study of First-year LMD Students of English at Saad Dahlab University of Blida, Algeria. Arab World English Journal, 4(1).
  59. Miskam, N.N., &Saidalvi, A. (2018). Investigating English Language Speaking Anxiety among Malaysian Undergraduate Learners. Asian Social Science. 15. 1. DOI: 10.5539/ass.v15n1p1
  60. Mohamad, A. & Wahid, N. (2009). Anxiety and speaking English as a second among male and female business students in university industry Selangor. Segi Review, 2(2), 65- 84
  61. Mulyono, H., Ferawati, F., Sari, R. N., &Ningsih, S. K. (2019). Factors Contributing to EFL Students’ Speaking Anxiety. Register Journal, 12(1), 13-27. DOI: 10.18326/RGT.V12I1.13-27
  62. Öztürk, E. Ö., & Ok, S. (2014). Motivational behaviors of teachers in Turkish EFL classes: Perception of students. DilveDilbilimiÇalışmalarıDergisi, 10(2). DOI: 10.17263/JLLS.56999
  63. Öztürk, G., &Gürbüz, N. (2013). The impact of gender on foreign language speaking anxiety and motivation. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 70, 654-665. DOI: 10.1016/J.SBSPRO.2013.01.106
  64. Öztürk, G., &Gürbüz, N. (2014). Speaking anxiety among Turkish EFL learners: The case at a state university. DilveDilbilimiÇalışmalarıDergisi, 10(1), 1-17. DOI: 10.17263/JLLS.13933
  65. Rafada, S.H., &Madini, A.A. (2017). Major Causes of Saudi Learners' Speaking Anxiety in EFL Classrooms. International Journal of English Language Education. 5. 54-71. 10.5296/ijele.v5i1.10645. DOI: 10.5296/ijele.v5i1.10645
  66. Rasekh, A. E., Shomoossi, N., & Soleimani, M. (2009). Code-switching as a new strategy: Speak English to overcome your shyness. Iranian Journal of Language Studies, 3(2).
  67. Riasati, M. J. (2011). Language learning anxiety from EFL learners’ perspective. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 7(6), 907-914.
  68. Sadighi, F., &Dastpak, M. (2017). The sources of foreign language speaking anxiety of Iranian English language learners. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 5(4), 111-115. DOI: 10.7575/AIAC.IJELS.V.5N.4P.111
  69. Satar, H. M., &Özdener, N. (2008). The effects of synchronous CMC on speaking proficiency and anxiety: Text versus voice chat. The Modern Language Journal, 92(4), 595-613. DOI: 10.1111/J.1540-4781.2008.00789.X
  70. Sayuri, S. (2016). English speaking problems of EFL learners of Mulawarman University. Indonesian Journal of EFL and Linguistics, 1(1), 47-61. DOI: 10.21462/ijefll.v1i1.4
  71. Şenel, M. (2012). Oral communication anxiety and problems of Turkish EFL learners at Samsun 19 Mayıs University, ELT Department. Frontiers of Language and Teaching, 3, 49-58.
  72. Sharifi, F. &Lashkarian, A. (2015). Relationship between Anxiety and Speaking Ability of EFL Learners. Journal of Applied Linguistics. 1(3); 31-41.
  73. Sparks, R. L., &Ganschow, L. (1991). Foreign language learning differences: Affective or native language aptitude differences?.The modern language journal, 75(1), 3-16. DOI: 10.1111/J.1540-4781.1991.TB01076.X
  74. Subasi, G. (2010). What are the Main Sources of Turkish EFL Students' Anxiety in Oral Practice?.Online Submission, 1(2), 29-49. DOI: 10.17569/TOJQI.29608
  75. Sutarsyah, C. (2017). An analysis of student’s speaking anxiety and its effect on speaking performance. IJELTAL (Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics), 1(2), 143-152. DOI: 10.21093/IJELTAL.V1I2.14
  76. TakkaçTulgar, A. (2018). Speaking Anxiety of Foreign Learners of Turkish in Target Context. International Online Journal of Education and Teaching. 5.
  77. Tanveer, M. (2007). Investigation of the factors that cause language anxiety for ESL/EFL learners in learning speaking skills and the influence it casts on communication in the target language. University of Glasgow, Scotland. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.1995.1129
  78. Tarihoran, N. (2016). Understanding speaking anxiety in efl classroom. Siliwangi International English Conference 2016.
  79. Tercan, G., &Dikilitaş, K. (2015). EFL students’ speaking anxiety: a case from tertiary level students. ELT Research Journal, 4(1), 16-27.
  80. Tien, C. Y. (2018). English speaking anxiety in EFL university classrooms in Taiwan. European Journal of English Language Teaching.DOI: 10.46827/EJEL.V0I0.2041
  81. Toghraee, T., & Shahrokhi, M. (2014). Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety and Learners’ and Teachers’ Beliefs toward FLL: A Case Study of Iranian Undergraduate EFL Learners. International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature, 3(2). DOI: 10.7575/AIAC.IJALEL.V.3N.2P.131
  82. Tok, H. (2009). Efllearners'communication obstacles. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 8(29). DOI: 10.17755/ESOSDER.87182
  83. Tokoz-Göktepe, F. (2014). Speaking problems of 9 (th) grade high school Turkish learners of L2 English and possible reasons for those problems: Exploring the teachers and students' perspectives. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 116:1875-1879. DOI: 10.1016/J.SBSPRO.2014.01.487
  84. Tridinanti, G. (2018). The Correlation between Speaking Anxiety, Self-Confidence, and Speaking Achievement of Undergraduate EFL Students of Private University in Palembang. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 6(4), 35-39. DOI: 10.7575/AIAC.IJELS.V.6N.4P.35
  85. Tuncer, M., &Doğan, Y. (2015). Effect of foreign language classroom anxiety on Turkish university students’ academic achievement in foreign language learning. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 3(6), 14-19. DOI: 10.11114/JETS.V3I6.998
  86. Wilang, J. D., &Singhasiri, W. (2017). Out-of-class anxiety in a non-English speaking context and its effects on intelligibility and comprehensibility. Issues in Educational Research, 27(3), 620.
  87. Wilson, J. T. S. (2006). Anxiety in Learning English as a Foreign Language: Its Associations with Student Variables, with Overall Proficiency, and with Performance on an Oral Test: Thesis Doctoral. Editorial de la Universidad de Granada.
  88. Woodrow, Lindy. (2006). Anxiety and Speaking English as a Second Language. RELC Journal. 37. 308-328. DOI: 10.1177/0033688206071315
  89. Yalçın, Ö., &İnceçay, V. (2014). Foreign language speaking anxiety: The case of spontaneous speaking activities. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 2620-2624. DOI: 10.1016/J.SBSPRO.2014.01.623
  90. Yaman, I. (2016). What if There Is Nobody Around to Speak English? Then Keep Your Voice Diary. English Language Teaching, 9(3), 160-166. DOI: 10.5539/ELT.V9N3P160
  91. Yayli, D. (2012). University summer school students’ foreign language anxiety levels. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 1401-1405. DOI:10.1016/J.SBSPRO.2012.05.310
  92. Young, D. J. (1991). Creating a low‐anxiety classroom environment: What does language anxiety research suggest?.The modern language journal, 75(4), 426-437. DOI: 10.1111/J.1540-4781.1991.TB05378.X
  93. Yüce, E. (2018). An Investigation into the Relationship between EFL Learners' Foreign Music Listening Habits and Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety. Online Submission, 6(2), 471-482. DOI: 10.18298/IJLET.3041
  94. Cesur, K. (2020). The Use of Magic Card Tricks in Teaching English to Young Learners. Trakya Eğitim Dergisi, 10 (1), 263-275. DOI: 10.24315/tred.582738
  95. Gursoy, E., & Korkmaz, H. (2018). Speaking anxiety of freshmen and senior ELT prospective teachers. EğitimdeKuramveUygulama, 14 (1), 48-60. DOI:10.17244/eku.346886