KaydedilenlerDerginizi ekleyin

Dergiler / Law and Justice Review / 2026 / Sayı: 32

AB SOSYAL POLİTİKASI: KRİZLER, MAHKEME KARARLARI VE YENİ İŞGÜCÜ PİYASASI GERÇEKLİKLERİ

EU SOCIAL POLICY UNDER PRESSURE: CRISES, COURT DECISIONS AND NEW LABOUR MARKET REALITIES

Sena Berfin Tunç(DOKUZ EYLÜL ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0009-0002-1623-2212
Sayfa
69–114
Yayın Tarihi
2026-07-31
DOI
—
🏛️Bu makalenin bibliyografik verileri ve tam metin bağlantısı DergiPark üzerinden sağlanmıştır.
DergiPark Kaydı ↗
✨

Yapay Zeka Hızlı Bakış & Çıkarımlar

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

Ayrıca, Avrupa Adalet Divanı kararları ışığında, işçilerin serbest dolaşımı ile toplu eylem ve grev haklarının sınırları, temel haklar ve ekonomik özgürlükler arasındaki hassas denge incelenmiş; AB sosyal politikalarının uzun vadeli hedefleri ile ekonomik bütünleşme arasındaki etkileşim ve geleceğe dönük reform ihtiyaçları değerlendirilmiştir.

📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale

🎯
Amaç & Hipotez:Avrupa Birliği üye devletleri, ekonomik bütünleşmeyi ilerletmek ve tek pazar hedefini gerçekleştirmek için işçilerin serbest dolaşımı ilkesini benimsemiştir.
📊
Temel Bulgular & Veri:Bu ilke, tarih boyunca farklı düzenlemelerle desteklenmiş, ancak küresel krizler, teknolojik değişimler, siyasi dönüşümler ve pandemi gibi beklenmedik olaylarla sınanmıştır.
💡
Sonuç & Katkı:Ayrıca, Avrupa Adalet Divanı kararları ışığında, işçilerin serbest dolaşımı ile toplu eylem ve grev haklarının sınırları, temel haklar ve ekonomik özgürlükler arasındaki hassas denge incelenmiş; AB sosyal politikalarının uzun vadeli hedefleri ile ekonomik bütünleşme arasındaki etkileşim ve geleceğe dönük reform ihtiyaçları değerlendirilmiştir.
🔬Tür:Modelleme & Sayısal Simülasyon
📍Kapsam:Genişletilmiş Akademik Örneklem
⚙️Değişkenler:Avrupa Birliği · Sosyal Politika · İşçilerin Serbest Dolaşım Özgürlüğü

Özet

Avrupa Birliği üye devletleri, ekonomik bütünleşmeyi ilerletmek ve tek pazar hedefini gerçekleştirmek için işçilerin serbest dolaşımı ilkesini benimsemiştir. Bu ilke, tarih boyunca farklı düzenlemelerle desteklenmiş, ancak küresel krizler, teknolojik değişimler, siyasi dönüşümler ve pandemi gibi beklenmedik olaylarla sınanmıştır. Çalışmada, AB sosyal politikası ve iş hukuku perspektifi çerçevesinde, Roma Anlaşması’ndan günümüze kadar geliştirilen anlaşmalar ve mutabakatlar ele alınmış; özellikle kriz dönemlerinde sistemlerin kırılganlığı, toparlanma kapasitesi ve reform gerekliliği üzerinde durulmuştur. Yeni iş tanımlarının ortaya çıkışı, esnek çalışma modellerinin yaygınlaşması ve platform ekonomisinin yükselişi, iş gücü piyasasında belirsizlikler yaratmıştır. Ayrıca, Avrupa Adalet Divanı kararları ışığında, işçilerin serbest dolaşımı ile toplu eylem ve grev haklarının sınırları, temel haklar ve ekonomik özgürlükler arasındaki hassas denge incelenmiş; AB sosyal politikalarının uzun vadeli hedefleri ile ekonomik bütünleşme arasındaki etkileşim ve geleceğe dönük reform ihtiyaçları değerlendirilmiştir.

Abstract

The member states of the European Union have adopted the principle of free movement of workers to promote economic integration and achieve the single market. This principle has been supported by various regulations throughout history, yet it has been tested by global crises, technological changes, political transformations, and unforeseen events such as the pandemic. This study examines the agreements and frameworks developed from the Treaty of Rome to the present from the perspective of EU social policy and labor law, highlighting the vulnerability of systems during crises, their capacity to recover, and the need for reforms. The emergence of new job types, the spread of flexible work models, and the rise of the platform economy have introduced uncertainties in the labor market. Furthermore, in light of European Court of Justice rulings, the study explores the boundaries of free movement, collective action, and the right to strike, examining the delicate balance between fundamental rights and economic freedoms, as well as the interaction between long-term social policy goals and economic integration, pointing to the need for future reforms.

🔖

Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Tunç, S. B. (2026). AB SOSYAL POLİTİKASI: KRİZLER, MAHKEME KARARLARI VE YENİ İŞGÜCÜ PİYASASI GERÇEKLİKLERİ. Law and Justice Review, Sayı: 32, 69–114. https://ajindex.com/articles/1285024

📄 Tam Metin PDF Okuyucu

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

Kaynakça (88)

  1. Addison, JT, ‘In the Beginning, There Was Social Policy: Developments in Social Policy in the European Union from 1972 through 2008’ (Professional Reports 01_09, Rimini Centre for Economic Analysis, 2009)
  2. Alì, A, ‘The Principle of Legality as a Pillar of the EU’s Rule of Law: Bridging the Gap between International and National Law’ in Luisa Antoniolli and Carlo Ruzza (eds), The Rule of Law in the EU: Challenges, Actors and Strategies (Springer Nature 2024) 225 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55322-6
  3. Allmendinger, J, Hipp, L and Stuth, S, Atypical Employment in Europe 1996–2011 (WZB Discussion Paper No P 2013-003, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung 2013)
  4. Anderson, KM and Heins, E, ‘After the European elections and the first wave of Covid-19: prospects for EU social policymaking’ in Bart Vanhercke, Slavina Spasova and Boris Fronteddu (eds), Social Policy in the European Union: State of Play 2020 (2021) 13
  5. Atanasova, A and Moja, F, ‘The European Union in 2021: key events’ in Social Policy in the European Union: State of Play 2022 (2022) 157
  6. Béland, D, Cantillon, B, Hick, R, Greve, B and Moreira, A, ‘Policy Legacies, Welfare Regimes, and Social Policy Responses to COVID-19 in Europe’ in Stefanie Börner and Martin Seeleib-Kaiser (eds), European Social Policy and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges to National Welfare and EU Policy (Oxford University Press 2023) 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197676189.001.0001
  7. Barnard, C, ‘Social Europe After Lisbon: Putting the Social into the Market Economy’ (Hungarian Yearbook of International Law and European Law, 2013)
  8. Barnard, C, EU ‘Social’ Policy: From Employment Law to Labour Market Reform (BC 3, 2024)
  9. Bercusson, B, ‘Protecting collective agreements’ (1999) 41 Thompson Labour and European Law Review
  10. Bernaciak, M, ‘Social dumping: political catchphrase or threat to labour standards?’ (European Trade Union Institute Working Paper 2012)
  11. Bilgin, AA, ‘Divan’ın İkilemi: Temel Haklar ve Temel Özgürlükler Arasında Denge’ (2011) 13(1) Journal of Dokuz Eylül University Law Faculty 51
  12. Blanke, T, ‘The Viking Case’ (2006) 12(2) Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 251
  13. Borelli, S, ‘Social Clauses in Public Contracts, the Posted Workers Directive and Article 49 EC: The Rüffert Case’ (University of Ferrara, 3)
  14. Borzaga, M, EU Social Policy, Social Partners, and the Rule of Law in L Antoniolli and C Ruzza (eds), The Rule of Law in the EU (Springer 2024) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55322-6_15
  15. Böhnke, P, Zeh, J and Link, S, ‘Atypische Beschäftigung im Erwerbsverlauf: Verlaufstypen als Ausdruck sozialer Spaltung?’ (2015) 44(4) Zeitschrift für Soziologie 234
  16. Börner, S, ‘Marshall revisited: EU social policy from a social-rights perspective’ (2020) 30(4) Journal of European Social Policy 421 https://doi.org/10.1177/0958928720904330
  17. Brooks, E, de Ruijter, A and Greer, SL, ‘Covid-19 and European Union health policy: from crisis to collective action’ in Bart Vanhercke, Slavina Spasova and Boris Fronteddu (eds), Social Policy in the European Union: State of Play 2020 (2021)
  18. Bruun, N, ‘The Viking Line Case’ (2007) 13(4) International Union Rights 8 https://www.jstor.org/stable/41936400
  19. Cerutti, M, ‘ATAD’ın Viking, Laval, Rüfferd ve Lüksemburg Davalarına İlişkin Verdiği Kararlar’ (2009) 16 Sicil Journal 234
  20. Concil of the European Union, https://consilium.europea.eu accessed 11 December 2024
  21. Çağatay, U, ‘Avrupa Birliğinde İşçilerin Serbest Dolaşımı ve Türk İşçilerinin Durumu’ (2009) 8(16) Journal of Social, Economic Research 1
  22. Çelik, A, Avrupa Birliği Sosyal Politikası ve Türkiye (Kitap Yayınevi 2014, İstanbul)
  23. Davesne, A, ‘The Laval Case and the Future of Labour Relations in Sweden’ (2009) https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02405269
  24. Davies, ACL, ‘One Step Forward, Two Steps Back? The Viking and Laval Cases in the ECJ’ (2008) 37 Industrial Law Journal 2
  25. Demiray, V, ‘Avrupa Birliğinde İşçilerin Serbest Dolaşım Hakkı ve Türk İşçilerinin Durumu’ (European Union Specialization Thesis, Turkish Labour and Social Security Ministry, 2014)
  26. Dimitrova, T, Social Dumping: Theoretical and Empirical Aspects (PhD Thesis, University of Konstanz 2007)
  27. Doğan, S, ‘Uber Platformu Çalışanlarının Hukuki Statülerine İlişkin Yaklaşımlar’ (2020) 5(1) Çankaya University Law Faculty Review
  28. Dorotić, M, ‘European Social Policy: Challenges and Perspectives’ (2023) 3 Journal of European Studies 45
  29. Dorotić, J, ‘Towards the Empowerment of Culture: The EU’s Response to Recent Crises Through Its Cultural Policy and Beyond’ (2023) 3 Studia Europejskie – Studies in European Affairs 7
  30. ECB, Monthly Bulletin October 2014, “The Impact of the Economic Crisis on Euro Area Labour Markets”
  31. Eichhorst, W, Marx, P and Wehner, C, ‘Labor market reforms in Europe: towards more flexicure labor markets?’ (2017) 51 J Labour Market Res 3 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12651-017-0231-7
  32. European Commission, Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion, https://employment-social-affairs.ec.europa.eu accessed 14–15 December 2024
  33. European Trade Union Confederation, https://www.etuc.org accessed 14 December 2024
  34. Fabbrini, F, ‘The war in Ukraine and the future of the EU: prospects for reform’ in Social Policy in the European Union: State of Play 2022 (2022) 11
  35. Federal Ministry Republic of Austria, Labour and Economy, https://www.bmaw.gv.at accessed 14 December 2024
  36. Finn, C and Vaughan, B, ‘Perspectives on the Evolution of European Social Policy’ (National Economic and Social Development Office Nesdo)
  37. Gerber, P, Ma, T-Y, Klein, O, Schiebel, J and Carpentier-Postel, S, ‘Cross-Border Residential Mobility, Quality of Life and Modal Shift: A Luxembourg Case Study’ (2017) 104(C) Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 238
  38. Germany Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, ‘Free movement of workers’ (28 May 2021) https://www.bmas.de accessed 16 December 2024
  39. Ghailani, D, ‘The Rüffert and Luxembourg Cases: Is the European Social Dimension in Retreat’ in Social Developments in the European Union 2008 205
  40. Giubbonlar, S, ‘Free movement of persons and European solidarity’ (Urge Working Paper 9/2006)
  41. Goodger, S and Makay, M, Social and Employment Policy: General Principles, Fact Sheets on the European Union (May 2024) https://www.europarl.europa.eu accessed 16 December 2024
  42. Grandovska, B, Agafitei, M and Ivan, G, ‘4% of EU citizens of working age live in another EU Member State’ (Eurostat Press Office, 2018)
  43. Grossi, T, Rayner, L, Brady, D and Dervishi, X, ‘The Social Pillar and the Future of the EU Social Agenda’ (Policy Study, February 2024)
  44. Group of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats in the European Parliament, Social Rights in Europe (12 April 2017) https://www.socialistsanddemocrats.eu accessed 16 December 2024
  45. Gülerce, R and Bayram, MN, ‘Evaluation of Asylum Policies of the European Union in the Context of Human Rights in Mass Migration from Ukraine to Europe’ (2023) 9(1) The Journal of Migration Studies Research 77
  46. High-Level Group on Post-Covid Economic and Social Challenges, A New Era for Europe (Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2022)
  47. Holke, D, ‘The Laval Case’ (2007) 13(4) International Union Rights 22 https://www.jstor.org/stable/41936409
  48. Hurtado, I and Argerey, P, ‘Social Dumping: The Debate on a Multilateral Social Clause’ (2008) 8(1) Global Economy Journal 1
  49. Ilias, L and Núñez, I, ‘Young Workers’ Employability and Higher Education in Europe in the Aftermath of the Financial Crisis: An Initial Assessment’ (2012) 47 Intereconomics Review of European Economic Policy 4
  50. ILO, Advancing social justice, promoting decent work: COVID-19 Country policy responses (1 March 2023)
  51. Irish Human Rights and Equality Commission, Overview of EU Rights on Free Movement of Workers and Families https://www.ihrec.ie accessed 16 December 2024
  52. Işığıçok, Ö and Kariman, S, ‘Evaluation of Europe’s Perspective on Refugees Through the Case of Ukrainian Refugees’ (2022) 7 International Journal of Historical Researches
  53. Jacobs, A, ‘Labour Law, Social Security Law and Social Policy after the Entering into Force of the Treaty of Lisbon’ (2011) 2(2) European Labour Law Journal 98
  54. Kennedy, A, Free Movement of Workers, Fact Sheets on the European Union (March 2024) https://www.europarl.europa.eu A.D. 14 December 2024
  55. Kondo, A and Singer, A, ‘Labor Without Employment: Toward a New Legal Framework for the Gig Economy’ (2020) 34 ABA Journal of Labor & Employment Law 331
  56. Kraw, GM, ‘The Community Charter of the Fundamental Social Rights of Workers’ (1990) 13(3) Hasting International 467
  57. Kutlu, M, ‘Platform Çalışanlarının Hukuki Statüsü: Uber-Aslam ve diğerleri Kararına İlişkin Bir Değerlendirme’ (2021) 25(2) Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University Law Review 271
  58. Migrants, asylum seekers, refugees and immigrants: What’s the difference? (2018, updated 17 June 2024) https://www.rescue.org A.D. 27 January 2025
  59. Neirinck, JD, ‘The Rome Treaty Social Policy and EEC Applied Labour Economics’ (1969) 22(3) Chronique de politique étrangère 267
  60. Nuñez, I and Livanos, I, Temps by Choice? An Analysis of Reasons for Temporary Employment among Young European Workers (ESRC Seminar Series: Young Workers and Precarious Employment, University of Warwick 2011)
  61. Ogletree, PS, Deakins, N, Smoak, S and Stewart, PC, ‘It’s Official: The EU Platform Work Directive Is Here’ (3 January 2025) https://www.natlawreview.com A.D. 29 January 2025
  62. O’Keeffe, D, ‘The Uneasy Progress of European Social Policy’ (1996) 2(2) Columbia Journal of European Law
  63. O’Neill QC, A, ‘Social Rights in the Charter: Employment and Social Security’ (paper)
  64. Oranburg, SC and Palagashvil, L, ‘The Gig Economy, Smart Contracts, and Disruption of Traditional Work Arrangements’ (2021) 50 J Legal Stud S219
  65. People’s Movement Trade Union, pdf note about Luxembourg Case https://www.people.ie A.D. 15 December 2024
  66. Picard, S, ‘Collective action vs free movement; The Laval and the Viking cases’ (2008) 1 Transfer 1
  67. Plomien, A, ‘EU Social and Gender Policy beyond Brexit: Towards the European Pillar of Social Rights’ (Cambridge University Press, 8 January 2018)
  68. Reisman, D, ‘The Definition of Social Policy’ in Richard Titmuss (ed), Palgrave Macmillan (2001) https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230512917_2
  69. ‘Refugees’ and ‘Migrants’ – Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) (UNHCR, 16 March 2016) https://www.unhcr.org/us/news/stories/refugees-and-migrants-frequently-asked-questions-faqs A.D. 27 January 2025
  70. Report on joint work of the European social partners on the ECJ rulings in the Viking, Laval, Rüffert and Luxembourg cases (19 March 2010)
  71. Riddervold, M and Trondal, J (eds), The Palgrave Handbook of EU Crises (Palgrave Macmillan 2021) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51791-5
  72. Rubery, J and Piasna, A, ‘Labour Market Segmentation and the EU Reform Agenda: Developing Alternatives to the Mainstream’ (Working Paper, 2016)
  73. Schreurs, S, ‘EU social policy and the subsidiarity principle: The end of an illusion?’ (2024) 15(2) European Labour Law Journal 346 https://doi.org/10.1177/20319525231219228
  74. Tans, S, ‘Case Report on Laval, 18 December 2007 (Case C-341/05) and Viking, 11 December 2007 (Case C-438/05)’ (2008) 10 European Journal of Migration and Law 249
  75. Tesche, T, ‘The European Union’s response to the coronavirus emergency: an early assessment’ (LEQS Paper No. 157/2020, June 2020)
  76. Tokatlı, SG, ‘Ukrayna Krizi’nin Avrupa Politikalarına Yansımaları’ (2022) 17 Journal of Euro Politic 65
  77. Troitiño, DR, Ivic, S, Hamulak, O and Fedorova, A, ‘Social Policy in the European Union: Genesis, Obstacles and Digital Future’ (2023) 10(1) European Studies – The Review of European Law, Economics and Politics 15 https://doi.org/10.2478/eustu-2023-0001
  78. Turgay, F, ‘Trade union rights are a package that includes the right to organize, collective bargaining, and the right to strike, which is part of collective action’ (2012) 1(14) IS,GUC Industrial Relations and Human Resources Journal 27
  79. Turrini, A, Koltay, G and Pierini, F, ‘A decade of labour market reforms in the EU: insights from the LABREF database’ (2015) 4 IZA J Labor Policy 12 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40173-015-0038-5
  80. Valenduc, G, ‘New Forms of Work and Employment in the Digital Economy’ in Amparo Serrano-Pascual and Maria Jepsen (eds), The Deconstruction of Employment as a Political Question: ‘Employment’ as a Floating Signifier (Springer Nature 2019) 63 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93617-8
  81. Veldman, A, ‘The Protection of the Fundamental Right to Strike within the Context of the European Internal Market: Implications of the Forthcoming Accession of the EU to the ECHR’ (2013) 9(1) Utrecht Law Review
  82. Veneziani, B, ‘European Labour Law and the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights’ (Summary Version, Edited by B Bercusson, ETUI 2002)
  83. Verschueren, H, ‘Employment and social rights of labour migrants post-Brexit’ in Dora Kostakopoulou and Daniel Thym (eds), Research Handbook on European Union Citizenship Law and Policy (2022) 343
  84. Yazıcı, AM, ‘European Development of Social Policy and Turkey’s European Social Policy Compliance’ (2016) 44 Journal of Anadolu Bil Meslek Yüksekokulu
  85. Zahn, R, ‘The Viking and Laval Cases in the Context of European Enlargement’ (2008) Current Legal Issues
  86. Welch, J, ‘The Financial Crisis in the European Union: An Impact Assessment and Response Critique’ (2011) 2(4) European Journal of Risk Regulation 481
  87. What is the European Union’s role in addressing social policies? https://www.eurodiaconia.org accessed 10 January 2025
  88. Wratny, J, ‘New Forms of Employment. A Panoramic View of the Issues’ in Jerzy Wratny and Agata Ludera-Ruszel (eds), New Forms of Employment: Current Problems and Future Challenges (Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden 2020) 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-28511-1