Dergiler / Journal of Gifted Education and Creativity / 2025 / Volume: 12 Issue: 2

Investigating the brain wave activities of middle school students during the implementation of STEM-based digital creativity practices

Cagla Bulut Ates(AYDIN ADNAN MENDERES UNIVERSITY)
Hilal Aktamış(ADNAN MENDERES UNIVERSITY)
Furkan Aydin(AYDIN ADNAN MENDERES UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-1531-0138
Sayfa
—
Yayın Tarihi
2025-12-26
🏛️Bu makalenin bibliyografik verileri ve tam metin bağlantısı DergiPark üzerinden sağlanmıştır.
DergiPark Kaydı ↗
✨

Yapay Zeka Hızlı Bakış & Çıkarımlar

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

However, broader data collection—particularly in classroom environments—is needed to strengthen generalizability.

📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale

🎯
Amaç & Hipotez:This study explores when students engage in creative thinking during STEM activities designed to foster such skills.
📊
Temel Bulgular & Veri:Specifically, a NeuroSky MindWave Mobile 2 wireless EEG headset and the EEGID Data-Record application were employed for brainwave measurement, while a semi-structured interview form was used to collect students’ views.
💡
Sonuç & Katkı:However, broader data collection—particularly in classroom environments—is needed to strengthen generalizability.
🔬Tür:Research Article
📍Kapsam:Genişletilmiş Akademik Örneklem
⚙️Değişkenler:Scientific creativity · STEM · EEG

Abstract

This study explores when students engage in creative thinking during STEM activities designed to foster such skills. The significance of this research lies in its focus on scientific creativity from a neurophysiological perspective, aiming to provide insights into the brain mechanisms underlying creative thinking in educational contexts. The purpose of the study is to examine the effectiveness of specially designed STEM activities in fostering students’ scientific creativity by analyzing their brain wave patterns during different stages of participation. A case study design was adopted to enable an in-depth exploration of the phenomenon. To monitor brain activity throughout different stages of the activities, a wireless EEG headset was used. Specifically, a NeuroSky MindWave Mobile 2 wireless EEG headset and the EEGID Data-Record application were employed for brainwave measurement, while a semi-structured interview form was used to collect students’ views. Analysis focused on alpha frequency amplitudes as indicators of cognitive engagement during creative tasks. Quantitative data were analyzed using statistical tests in SPSS, and qualitative data were examined through content analysis to identify patterns in students’ experiences. Results showed increased alpha activity during the active phases of creativity-focused tasks, suggesting heightened cognitive involvement. Although statistical analyses were conducted on these patterns, no significant differences were observed—likely due to the small sample size. To better understand contextual factors influencing EEG data, students’ experiences were also gathered through semi-structured interviews. Students generally viewed the EEG device as suitable for individual use but found it less practical in classroom settings. Overall, the findings indicate that the developed STEM activities hold promise for supporting creative thinking in science education. The study underscores the value of integrating neurophysiological measurements with educational interventions to better understand learning processes. However, broader data collection—particularly in classroom environments—is needed to strengthen generalizability.

🔖

Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Ates, C. B., Aktamış, H., Aydin, F. (2025). Investigating the brain wave activities of middle school students during the implementation of STEM-based digital creativity practices. Journal of Gifted Education and Creativity, Volume: 12 Issue: 2. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17271022

📄 Tam Metin PDF Okuyucu

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

Kaynakça (70)

  1. Abraham, A., & Bubic, A. (2015). Semantic memory as the root of imagination. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 325.
  2. Abraham, A. (2013). The promises and perils of the neuroscience of creativity. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00246
  3. Amabile, T. M. (1983). The social psychology of creativity: A componential conceptualization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45(2), 357–376. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.45.2.357
  4. Arden, R., Chavez, R. S., Grazioplene, R., & Jung, R. E. (2010). Neuroimaging creativity: A psychometric view. Behavioral Brain Research, 214(2), 143-156.
  5. Beghetto, R. A., & Kaufman, J. C. (2014). Classroom contexts for creativity. High Ability Studies, 25(1), 53–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/13598139.2014.905247
  6. Bennett, N., Borg, W. R., & Gall, M. D. (1984). Educational research: An introduction. British Journal of Educational Studies, 32(3), 274. https://doi.org/10.2307/3121583
  7. Bigdeli, S. (2012). New educational research era: Educational neuroscience technology. International Journal of Learning and Teaching, 4(1), 14-25.
  8. Bitner, R., Le, N.-T., & Pinkwart, N. (2020). A concurrent validity approach for eeg-based feature classification algorithms in learning analytics. In Computational collective intelligence (pp. 568–580). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63007-2_44
  9. Borling, J. E. (1981). The effects of sedative music on alpha rhythms and focused attention in high-creative and low-creative subjects. Journal of Music Therapy, 18(2), 101–108. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmt/18.2.101
  10. Boynton, T. (2001). Applied research using alpha/theta training for enhancing creativity and well-being. Journal of Neurotherapy, 5(1-2), 5–18. https://doi.org/10.1300/j184v05n01_02
  11. Bulut Ates, C. (2023). Investigating scientific creativity in science education in terms of neurophysiological approach. Doctoral dissertation, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey.
  12. Cheng, V. M. Y. (2010). Tensions and dilemmas of teachers in creativity reform in a Chinese context. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 5(3), 120–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2010.09.005
  13. Chi, R. P., & Snyder, A. W. (2011). Facilitate insight by non-invasive brain stimulation. PLoS ONE, 6(2), e16655.
  14. Cropley, A. (2006). In praise of convergent thinking. Creativity Research Journal, 18(3), 391–404. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326934crj1803_13
  15. Davis, G. A. (2011). Barriers to creativity and creative attitudes. In Encyclopedia of creativity (pp. 115–121). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-375038-9.00021-2
  16. De Bono, E. (1985). The practical teaching of thinking using the cort method. Special Services in the Schools, 3(1– 2), 33–47. https://doi.org/10.1300/j008v03n01_04
  17. Dietrich, A., & Kanso, R. (2010). A review of EEG, ERP, and neuroimaging studies of creativity and insight. Psychological Bulletin, 136(5), 822–848. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019749
  18. Dundar, S., & Ayvaz, U. (2016). From cognitive to educational neuroscience. International Education Studies, 9(9), 50. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v9n9p50
  19. Erat, K., & Onay Durdu, P. (2021). User experience evaluation of low cost EEG headsets. Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 27(5), 646–659. https://doi.org/10.5505/pajes.2021.78910
  20. Fink, A., Schwab, D., & Papousek, I. (2011). Sensitivity of EEG upper alpha activity to cognitive and affective creativity interventions. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 82(3), 233–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.09.003
  21. Fink, A., Benedek, M., Grabner, R., Staudt, B., & Neubauer, A. (2007). Creativity meets neuroscience: Experimental tasks for the neuroscientific study of creative thinking. Methods, 42(1), 68–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymeth.2006.12.001
  22. Fink, T. E. (2012). The enhancement of Neurofeedback with a low cost and easy-to-use NeuroSky EEG biofeedback training device: The MindReflectorProtocols. MindReflector Technologies LLC, 3.
  23. Fong, S. S. M. (2015). Single-channel electroencephalographic recording in children with developmental coordination disorder: Validity and influence of eye blink artifacts. Journal of Novel Physiotherapies, 05(04). https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7025.1000270
  24. Geake, J. G. (2009). The brain at school: Educational neuroscience in the classroom. McGraw Hill/Open University Press.
  25. Grierson, M., & Kiefer, C. (2011). Better Brain Interfacing for the masses. CHI ’11 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. https://doi.org/10.1145/1979742.1979828
  26. Guilford, J. P. (1967). Creativity: Yesterday, today and tomorrow. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 1(1), 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.1967.tb00002.x
  27. Haier, R. J., & Jung, R. E. (2008). Brain imaging studies of intelligence and creativity: What is the picture for education? Roeper Review, 30(3), 171–180. https://doi.org/10.1080/02783190802199347
  28. Hennessey, B. A., & Amabile, T. M. (2010). Creativity. Annual Review of Psychology, 61, 569-598.
  29. Howard-Jones, P. A., Varma, S., Ansari, D., Butterworth, B., De Smedt, B., Goswami, U., Laurillard, D., & Thomas, M. S. C. (2016). The principles and practices of educational neuroscience: Comment on bowers (2016). Psychological Review, 123(5), 620–627. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000036
  30. Jaušovec, N. (2000). Differences in cognitive processes between gifted, intelligent, creative, and average individuals while solving complex problems: An EEG study. Intelligence, 28(3), 213–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0160-2896(00)00037-4
  31. Jung, R. E., Segall, J. M., Jeremy, B., Flores, R. A., Smith, S. M., Chavez, R. S.,. & Haier, R. J. (2010). Neuroanatomy of creativity. Human Brain Mapping, 31(3), 398-409.
  32. Kaygısız, Ç. “Educational neuroscience: Issues and challenges.” Erciyes Journal of Education, vol. 6, no. 1, 31 May 2022, pp. 80–98, https://doi.org/10.32433/eje.990407.
  33. Klimesch, W. (1999). EEG alpha and theta oscillations reflect cognitive and memory performance: A review and analysis. Brain Research Reviews, 29(2-3), 169–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-0173(98)00056-3
  34. Koudelková, Z., & Strmiska, M. (2018). Introduction to the identification of brain waves based on their frequency. In MATEC Web of Conferences. EDP Sciences.
  35. Liu, C.-J., & Huang, C.-F. (2015). Innovative science educational neuroscience: Strategies for engaging brain waves in science education research. In Science education research and practices in taiwan (pp. 233–247). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-472-6_12
  36. Lustenberger, C., Boyle, M. R., Foulser, A. A., Mellin, J. M., & Fröhlich, F. (2015). Functional role of frontal alpha oscillations in creativity. Cortex, 67, 74–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2015.03.012
  37. Mareschal, D., Butterworth, B., & Tolmie, A. (Eds.). (2013). Educational neuroscience. John Wiley & Sons.
  38. Michel, C. M., & Murray, M. M. (2012). Towards the utilization of EEG as a brain imaging tool. NeuroImage, 61(2), 371–385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.12.039
  39. National Research Council. (2009). Learning Science Through Computer Games and Simulations. National Academies Press.
  40. NeuroSky, I. (n.d.). Brain Wave Signal (EEG) of NeuroSky. NeuroSky Brain-Computer Interface Technologies, 22.
  41. Nedvědová, M., & Marek, J. (2018). Comparing EEG signals and emotions provoked by images with different aesthetic variables using emotive insight and neurosky mindwave. In 17th Conference on Applied Mathematics APLIMAT 2018: proceedings. Slovenská technická univezita v Bratislave.
  42. Niedermeyer, E., & da Silva, F. H., 1935- (Eds.). (2005). Electroencephalography: Basic principles, clinical applications, and related fields (5th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  43. Onton, J. (2009). High-frequency broadband modulation of electroencephalographic spectra. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/neuro.09.061.2009
  44. Qu, X., Sun, Y., Sekuler, R., & Hickey, T. (2018). EEG markers of STEM learning. In 2018 IEEE frontiers in education conference (FIE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/fie.2018.8659031
  45. Ringtved, U. L., Larsen, T., Toftegaard, L. L., Schack, L. M. W., Stougaard, M. K., & Mortensen, A. (2017, October). Tracing students' attention through the Neurosky MindWave headset. In LASI-Nordic 2017: Learning Analytics (late) Summer Institute.
  46. Osburn, H. K., & Mumford, M. D. (2006). Creativity and planning: Training interventions to develop creative problem-solving skills. Creativity Research Journal, 18(2), 173–190. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326934crj1802_4
  47. Poldrack, R. A., & Farah, M. J. (2015). Progress and challenges in probing the human brain. Nature, 526(7573), 371–379. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature15692
  48. Ray, W. J., & Cole, H. W. (1985). EEG alpha activity reflects attentional demands, and beta activity reflects emotional and cognitive processes. Science, 228(4700), 750-752.
  49. Robinson, K. (2006). Do schools kill creativity? In Presentation at TED2006 conference, Monterey, CA.
  50. Rominger, C., Gubler, D. A., Makowski, L. M., & Troche, S. J. (2022). More creative ideas are associated with increased right posterior power and frontal-parietal/occipital coupling in the upper alpha band: A within- subjects study. International Journal of Psychophysiology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.08.012
  51. Runco, M. A. (2014). “Big C, little c” creativity as a false dichotomy: Reality is not categorical. Creativity Research Journal, 26(1), 131–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2014.873676
  52. Runco, M. A., & Jaeger, G. J. (2012). The standard definition of creativity. Creativity Research Journal, 24(1), 92– 96. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2012.650092
  53. Sahu, M., Shukla, P., Chandel, A., Jain, S., & Verma, S. (2020). Eye blinking classification through neurosky mindwave headset using eegid tool. In Advances in intelligent systems and computing (pp. 789–799). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5113-0_65
  54. Sawyer, K. (2011). The cognitive neuroscience of creativity: A critical review. Creativity Research Journal, 23(2), 137–154. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2011.571191
  55. Schicktanz, N., Schwabe, L., & Grosbras, M. H. (2020). Exploring the neural basis of creativity in language using TMS. NeuroImage, 204, 116255.
  56. Sezer, A., İnel, Y., Seçkin, A. Ç., & Uluçınar, U. (2015, May). An investigation of university students’ attention levels in real classroom settings with NeuroSky’s MindWave mobile (EEG) device. In International educational technology conference (pp. 88-101).
  57. Shiu, S. C., Chien, H. O., Lee, M. H., & Chang, C. L. (2011). The study of brain wave change in creative thinking process. International Journal of Arts & Sciences, 4(19), 9.
  58. Singh, D. (2017). To investigate power of brain activity using EEG comparison between creative and non- creative design task (Doctoral dissertation, Concordia University).
  59. Singala, K. V., & Trivedi, K. R. (2016). Analysis of EEG spectrum bands aiding to read human mental states. In 2016 international conference on electrical, electronics, and optimization techniques (ICEEOT). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iceeot.2016.7754983
  60. Sternberg, R. J., & Lubart, T. I. (1993). Investing in creativity. Psychological Inquiry, 4(3), 229–232. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0403_16
  61. Stevens, C. E., & Zabelina, D. L. (2019). Creativity comes in waves: An EEG-focused exploration of the creative brain. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 27, 154–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2019.02.003
  62. Stroe, M. A. (2018). Harold Bloom and the brain-wave theory of creativity. Creativity, 1(2), 3-112.
  63. Sulaiman, N., Ying, B. S., Mustafa, M., & Jadin, M. S. (2018). Offline labview-based EEG signals analysis for human stress monitoring. In 2018 9th IEEE control and system graduate research colloquium (ICSGRC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icsgrc.2018.8657606
  64. Takeuchi, H., Taki, Y., Hashizume, H., Sassa, Y., Nagase, T., Nouchi, R.,. & Kawashima, R. (2012). The association between resting functional connectivity and creativity. Cerebral Cortex, 22(12), 2921-2929.
  65. Thibault, R. T., Lifshitz, M., & Raz, A. (2016). The self-regulating brain and neurofeedback: Experimental science and clinical promise. Cortex, 74, 247–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2015.10.024
  66. Ward, L. M. (2003). Synchronous neural oscillations and cognitive processes. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7(12), 553–559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2003.10.012
  67. Wise, A. (1997). The high-performance mind: Mastering brainwaves for insight, healing, and creativity. Putnam.
  68. Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research: Design and methods (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.
  69. Jung, R. E., Segall, J. M., Jeremy, B., Flores, R. A., Smith, S. M., Chavez, R. S.,. & Haier, R. J. (2010). Neuroanatomy of creativity. Human Brain Mapping, 31(3), 398-409.
  70. Takeuchi, H., Taki, Y., Hashizume, H., Sassa, Y., Nagase, T., Nouchi, R.,. & Kawashima, R. (2012). The association between resting functional connectivity and creativity. Cerebral Cortex, 22(12), 2921-2929.