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Dergiler / Journal of Naval Sciences and Engineering / 2026 / Volume: 22 Issue: 1

Elektrikli Araçlarda Kullanılan Motorların Karşılaştırmalı Analizi

Comparative Analysis of Motors Used in Electric Vehicles

Burak Göndelen(MİLLİ SAVUNMA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, DENİZ HARP OKULU)0009-0001-2438-5262
Abdulhakim Karakaya(KOCAELI UNIVERSITY)0000-0003-1119-6945
Sayfa
—
Yayın Tarihi
2026-06-26
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⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

Karşılaştırılan motorların merkezinde olan PMSM için verimlilik artışı ve maliyet azaltımı yönünden alternatif motor tipleri tespit edilmiştir.

📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale

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Amaç & Hipotez:Daimi mıknatıslı senkron motorlar (PMSM), yüksek verimlilikleri ve yüksek tork yoğunlukları nedeniyle elektrikli araç (EV) tahrik sistemleri için tercih edilmektedir.
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Temel Bulgular & Veri:Ayrıca EV’lerde kullanılan fırçasız doğru akım motorları (BLDCM), daha kolay kontrol edilebilirlik ve yüksek dinamik tepki kabiliyeti sunarken PMSM motorlarına kıyasla daha düşük verimlilik ve daha belirgin tork dalgalanması davranışı sergilemektedir.
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Sonuç & Katkı:Karşılaştırılan motorların merkezinde olan PMSM için verimlilik artışı ve maliyet azaltımı yönünden alternatif motor tipleri tespit edilmiştir.
🔬Tür:Deneysel Tarla Denemesi
📍Kapsam:Genişletilmiş Akademik Örneklem
⚙️Değişkenler:Permanent Magnet Motors · Electric Vehicles · Reluctance Motor

Özet

Daimi mıknatıslı senkron motorlar (PMSM), yüksek verimlilikleri ve yüksek tork yoğunlukları nedeniyle elektrikli araç (EV) tahrik sistemleri için tercih edilmektedir. Senkron relüktans motorlar (SynRM) ve daimi mıknatıslı senkron relüktans motorlar (PMa-SynRM) ise, nadir toprak elementlerinin kullanımını azaltan uygun maliyetli bir alternatif sunmaktadır. Diğer taraftan elektrikle tahrik edilen senkron makine (EESM) topolojilerinde, alan zayıflatmada daha fazla esneklik avantajı bulunmaktadır. EV’lerde kullanılan diğer motorlardan biri olan asenkron motorlar (IM), daha az malzeme gerektiren sağlam ve uygun maliyetli bir alternatif olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Ayrıca EV’lerde kullanılan fırçasız doğru akım motorları (BLDCM), daha kolay kontrol edilebilirlik ve yüksek dinamik tepki kabiliyeti sunarken PMSM motorlarına kıyasla daha düşük verimlilik ve daha belirgin tork dalgalanması davranışı sergilemektedir. Diğer taraftan EV’lerde kullanılan anahtarlamalı relüktans motor (SRM), sağlamlık ve basit yapısı ile öne çıkmakta, ancak yüksek gürültü, titreşim ve sertlik (NVH) davranışına sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Eksenel akışlı daimi mıknatıslı motorlar (AFPM) ise, spesifik güç yoğunluğu açısından umut verici sonuçlar gösterse de termal ve mekanik tasarımın iyileştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, EV’de kullanılan motor tipleri kapsamlı bir şekilde karşılaştırılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bu analizde, motorların verimlilik, tork yoğunluğu, maliyet ve işletim özellikleri temel alınmıştır. Karşılaştırılan motorların merkezinde olan PMSM için verimlilik artışı ve maliyet azaltımı yönünden alternatif motor tipleri tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, yapılacak bilimsel çalışmalar için yeni odak noktaları sunulmuştur.

Abstract

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) are preferred for electric vehicle (EV) drive systems due to their high efficiency and high torque density. Synchronous reluctance motors (SynRM) and permanent magnet synchronous reluctance motors (PMa-SynRM), on the other hand, offer a cost-effective alternative that reduces the use of rare earth elements. On the other hand, in electrically driven synchronous machine (EESM) topologies, there is the advantage of greater flexibility in field weakening. Asynchronous motors (IM), another type of motor used in EVs, stand out as a robust and cost-effective alternative requiring less material. Also, brushless DC motors (BLDCM) used in EVs offer easier controllability and high dynamic response capability but exhibit lower efficiency and more pronounced torque ripple behavior compared to PMSM motors. On the other hand, the switched reluctance motor (SRM) used in EVs stands out for its robustness and simple structure, but it has been observed to exhibit high noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) behavior. Axial flow permanent magnet motors (AFPM), while showing promising results in terms of specific power density, require improvements in thermal and mechanical design. In this study, the types of motors used in EVs have been comprehensively compared and analyzed. This analysis is based on the efficiency, torque density, cost, and operating characteristics of the motors. Alternative motor types have been identified for PMSM, which is at the center of the compared motors, in terms of increased efficiency and cost reduction. Additionally, new focal points have been presented for scientific studies to be conducted.

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Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Göndelen, B., Karakaya, A. (2026). Elektrikli Araçlarda Kullanılan Motorların Karşılaştırmalı Analizi. Journal of Naval Sciences and Engineering, Volume: 22 Issue: 1. https://doi.org/10.56850/jnse.1830251

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