Dergiler / HUMANITAS - Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 14 Sayı: 28

SEKÜLER LİTÜRJİ OLARAK POLİTİK DİN: STALİN’İN CENAZESİ VE YASIN TIBBİ DİLİ

POLITICAL RELIGION AS SECULAR LITURGY: STALIN’S FUNERAL AND THE MEDICAL IDIOM OF MOURNING

Muhammed Veysel Bilici(KIRKLARELİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-2374-2117
Sayfa
94–118
Yayın Tarihi
2026-10-14
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⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

Diğer yandan, sivil dinin kutsal üzerinde dışlayıcı olmaktan ziyade hegemonik ve görünmez bir etki ile ulusal topluluğu kutsaması, bu olgunun demokrasileri farklı bir biçimde kapsadığını da göstermektedir.

📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale

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Amaç & Hipotez:Bu makale, kendini ateist olarak tanımlayan bir rejimin, Stalin’in Mart 1953’teki ölümünden sonraki devlet töreninde açığa çıkan kitlesel yası hangi kurumsal araçlarla yönettiğini incelemektedir.
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Temel Bulgular & Veri:Sergei Loznitsa’nın Sovyet arşivlerinden derlediği State Funeral (Devlet Töreni) belgeseli, döneme ait tıbbi bültenler ve arşiv belgeleri eşliğinde analiz edilmekte ve belgesel, geçmişi yansıtan şeffaf bir pencereden ziyade, iki kez dolayımlanmış bir nesne olarak değerlendirilmektedir.
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Sonuç & Katkı:Diğer yandan, sivil dinin kutsal üzerinde dışlayıcı olmaktan ziyade hegemonik ve görünmez bir etki ile ulusal topluluğu kutsaması, bu olgunun demokrasileri farklı bir biçimde kapsadığını da göstermektedir.
🔬Tür:Deneysel Tarla Denemesi
📍Kapsam:Genişletilmiş Akademik Örneklem
⚙️Değişkenler:Politik din · Seküler litürji · Sekülerleşme

Özet

Bu makale, kendini ateist olarak tanımlayan bir rejimin, Stalin’in Mart 1953’teki ölümünden sonraki devlet töreninde açığa çıkan kitlesel yası hangi kurumsal araçlarla yönettiğini incelemektedir. Sergei Loznitsa’nın Sovyet arşivlerinden derlediği State Funeral (Devlet Töreni) belgeseli, döneme ait tıbbi bültenler ve arşiv belgeleri eşliğinde analiz edilmekte ve belgesel, geçmişi yansıtan şeffaf bir pencereden ziyade, iki kez dolayımlanmış bir nesne olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Propagandanın kutsal bir dramaya dönüştürdüğü yas süreci, politik din kuramı bağlamında ele alınmaktadır. Rejim, geleneksel dini kamusal alandan tasfiye ederken kurumsal bir boşluk bırakmamış; aksine, dinin yapısal formlarını devralıp bu formların içini bilim ve tıpla yeniden doldurmuştur. Bu dönüşüm neticesinde devlet töreni seküler bir litürjiye, tıbbi bültenler kutsal metinlere, hekimler ile parti ideologları ise yeni bir ruhban sınıfına dönüşmüştür. Tıbbi bültenlerde kullanılan teknik dilin halka kapalı olması bir iletişim hatası değil, tıpkı geleneksel kutsal dillerde olduğu gibi, metnin yalnızca yetkili uzmanlarca çözülebilmesine dayanan yapısal bir otorite inşasıdır. Makale, salt zorlamaya veya rızaya değil, bu ikisi arasındaki gerilime dayanan politik din olgusunu söz konusu tarihsel örnek üzerinden, rejimin Ortodoks Hristiyanlık ve İslam ile ilişkileri bağlamında da inceleyerek sekülerleşme tartışmalarına katkıda bulunmaktadır. Sovyet ateizmini ve modelini özgün kılan husus, kutsalın dışlayıcı biçimde devlet tekeline alınmasıdır. Diğer yandan, sivil dinin kutsal üzerinde dışlayıcı olmaktan ziyade hegemonik ve görünmez bir etki ile ulusal topluluğu kutsaması, bu olgunun demokrasileri farklı bir biçimde kapsadığını da göstermektedir.

Abstract

This article examines the institutional mechanisms through which a self-declared atheist regime managed mass mourning during the state funeral following Stalin’s death in March 1953. Sergei Loznitsa’s documentary State Funeral, compiled from Soviet archives, is analyzed alongside contemporary medical bulletins and archival documents. The film is evaluated not as a transparent window into the past, but as a doubly mediated object. The mourning process, transformed into a sacred drama by propaganda, is addressed through political religion theory. While eradicating traditional religion from the public sphere, the regime left no institutional void; instead, it appropriated religion’s structural forms, refilling them with science and medicine. Consequently, the state funeral became a secular liturgy, medical bulletins functioned as sacred texts, and physicians alongside Party ideologues formed a new clergy. The opacity of the bulletins’ technical language was not a communication error but a structural construction of authority, decipherable only by authorized experts, akin to sacred languages. By examining a political religion operating on the tension between coercion and consent through this historical case and the regime’s relations with Orthodox Christianity and Islam, the article contributes to secularization debates. The distinctiveness of the Soviet model lies in the state’s exclusionary monopolization of the sacred. Conversely, civil religion consecrates the national community through a hegemonic, invisible influence rather than an exclusionary one, which shows that this phenomenon also encompasses democracies differently.

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Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Bilici, M. V. (2026). SEKÜLER LİTÜRJİ OLARAK POLİTİK DİN: STALİN’İN CENAZESİ VE YASIN TIBBİ DİLİ. HUMANITAS - Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 28, 94–118. https://doi.org/10.20304/humanitas.1973641

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