KaydedilenlerDerginizi ekleyin

Dergiler / Eğitim Teknolojisi Kuram ve Uygulama / 2026 / Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

EĞİTİMDE SANAL GERÇEKLİK UYGULAMALARINDA ERİŞİLEBİLİRLİK VE UYUMLULUK

DEVELOPED SOFTWARE AND USED PLATFORMS IN VIRTUAL REALITY APPLICATIONS IN EDUCATION FIELD

Mehmet Bütün(İstanbul Üniversitesi)0000-0002-3138-7661
Veli Özcan Budak(KIRKLARELİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-0960-0542
Murat Selçuk(İstanbul Üniversitesi)0000-0002-6386-0142
İlkim Ecem Emre(MARMARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0001-9507-8967
İrfan Şimşek(İstanbul Üniversitesi)0000-0002-7481-5830
Sayfa
251–275
Yayın Tarihi
2019-01-31
🏛️Bu makalenin bibliyografik verileri ve tam metin bağlantısı DergiPark üzerinden sağlanmıştır.
DergiPark Kaydı ↗
✨

Yapay Zeka Hızlı Bakış & Çıkarımlar

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

Sonuç olarak, eğitim alanında kullanılacak SG uygulamalarının farklı işletim sistemlerinde ve cihazlarda çalışacak şekilde platformdan bağımsız ve mobil cihazlarla uyumlu şekilde geliştirilmesi önerilmektedir.

📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale

🎯
Amaç & Hipotez:Sanal gerçeklik (SG) teknolojilerinde yaşanan hızlı gelişmelerle birlikte, bu alanda uygulama geliştirmeye olanak tanıyan platformların sayısı da artış göstermiştir.
📊
Temel Bulgular & Veri:Scopus ve ERIC üzerinde yer alan, 2014-2018 yıllarında yayımlanmış, eğitim için geliştirilen SG uygulamalarının kullanıldığı çalışmalar sistematik derleme ile analiz edilmiştir.
💡
Sonuç & Katkı:Sonuç olarak, eğitim alanında kullanılacak SG uygulamalarının farklı işletim sistemlerinde ve cihazlarda çalışacak şekilde platformdan bağımsız ve mobil cihazlarla uyumlu şekilde geliştirilmesi önerilmektedir.
🔬Tür:Literatür & Derleme Çalışması
📍Kapsam:2014-2018 Verileri
⚙️Değişkenler:sanal gerçeklik · eğitimde sanal gerçeklik · virtual reality

Özet

Sanal gerçeklik (SG) teknolojilerinde yaşanan hızlı gelişmelerle birlikte, bu alanda uygulama geliştirmeye olanak tanıyan platformların sayısı da artış göstermiştir. Cihazların ve uygulama geliştirme platformlarının çeşitlilik kazanması, erişilebilirlik ve uyumluluk sorunlarını gündeme getirmektedir. Günümüzde eğitim için geliştirilen SG uygulamalarının; hangi cihazlarla uyumlu oldukları ve dağıtıldıkları sanal uygulama mağazası açısından hangi platformlar üzerinde erişilebilir oldukları önemli bir araştırma konusu haline gelmiştir. Scopus ve ERIC üzerinde yer alan, 2014-2018 yıllarında yayımlanmış, eğitim için geliştirilen SG uygulamalarının kullanıldığı çalışmalar sistematik derleme ile analiz edilmiştir. İncelenen makaleler; geliştirildikleri platformlar, kullanılan yazılım dilleri, desteklenen işletim sistemi ve erişilebilecekleri sanal mağazalar açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmaların 29’unda daha önce geliştirilmiş SG uygulamalarının kullanıldığı, 7’sinde kullanılan SG uygulamalarına dair bilgi verilmediği, 28 çalışmada ise SG uygulamaları geliştirildiği görülmüştür. Çalışmaların önemli bir bölümünde, SG uygulamalarının birden fazla cihaz ya da işletim sistemi tarafından desteklenecek şekilde geliştirilmediği, sanal uygulama mağazaları üzerinde erişime açılması konusunda belirsizliğin olduğu, yazılım dili olarak ise farklı dillerin tercih edildiği görülmüştür. Yapılan değerlendirmeler neticesinde çalışmaların önemli bir bölümünde yaygın etki açısından erişilebilirlik ve uyumluluk sorunları olduğu söylenebilir. Sonuç olarak, eğitim alanında kullanılacak SG uygulamalarının farklı işletim sistemlerinde ve cihazlarda çalışacak şekilde platformdan bağımsız ve mobil cihazlarla uyumlu şekilde geliştirilmesi önerilmektedir.

Abstract

Along with the rapid developments in virtual reality (VR) technology, the number of platforms that enable application development in this area has also increased. The diversity of devices and application development platforms brings accessibility and compatibility issues to the forefront. Nowadays, developed SG applications for education, which devices they are compatible with and from which platforms they are accessible in terms of the virtual application store has become an important research topic. The studies in Scopus and ERIC, published between years 2014-2018 and using VR applications developed for education, were analyzed with a systematic review. Studies were analyzed according to the platforms they have developed, the language of the software used, the supported operating system, and the virtual stores that can be accessed. It was found that in 29 of the studies used VR applications that were developed previously, in 7 studies no information is given about used VR applications, and in 28 studies VR applications were developed. In a significant part of the studies, it was found that VR applications were not developed to be supported by more than one device or operating system, there were ambiguities about accessibility to virtual application stores and different software languages were preferred. As a result of the evaluations, it can be said that accessibility and compatibility problems have found in a significant part of the studies. As a result, it is recommended that VR applications to be used in the field of education to be developed as platform-independent and compatible with mobile devices to work in different operating systems and devices.

🔖

Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Bütün, M., Budak, V. Ö., Selçuk, M., Emre, İ. E., Şimşek, İ. (2019). EĞİTİMDE SANAL GERÇEKLİK UYGULAMALARINDA ERİŞİLEBİLİRLİK VE UYUMLULUK. Eğitim Teknolojisi Kuram ve Uygulama, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 251–275. https://doi.org/10.17943/etku.454758

📄 Tam Metin PDF Okuyucu

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

Kaynakça (65)

  1. Alhalabi, W. S. (2016). Virtual reality systems enhance students’ achievements in engineering education. Behaviour and Information Technology, 35(11), 919-925. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2016.1212931
  2. Anderson, P., Ma, M., & Poyade, M. (2014). A Haptic-Based Virtual Reality Head and Neck Model for Dental Education. Içinde M. Ma, L. C. Jain, & P. Anderson (Ed.), Virtual, Augmented Reality and Serious Games for Healthcare 1 (C. 68, ss. 29-50). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54816-1_3
  3. Avrupa Komisyonu. (2005). eAccessibility: An Information Society Open to All. Geliş tarihi 31 Temmuz 2018, gönderen http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/doc/factsheets/012-eaccessibility.pdf
  4. Barata, P. N. A., Filho, M. R., & Nunes, M. V. A. (2015). Consolidating learning in power systems: Virtual reality applied to the study of the operation of electric power transformers. IEEE Transactions on Education, 58(4), 255-261. https://doi.org/10.1109/TE.2015.2393842
  5. Bassil, A., Rubod, C., Borghesi, Y., Kerbage, Y., Schreiber, E. S., Azaïs, H., & Garabedian, C. (2017). Operative and diagnostic hysteroscopy: A novel learning model combining new animal models and virtual reality simulation. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 211, 42-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2017.01.058
  6. Burkhardt, J.-M., Corneloup, V., Garbay, C., Bourrier, Y., Jambon, F., Luengo, V., … Lourdeaux, D. (2016). Simulation and virtual reality-based learning of non-technical skills in driving: critical situations, diagnostic and adaptation. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 49(32), 66-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.12.191
  7. Buttussi, F., & Chittaro, L. (2018). Effects of Different Types of Virtual Reality Display on Presence and Learning in a Safety Training Scenario. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 24(2), 1063-1076. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2017.2653117
  8. Carbonell-Carrera, C., & Saorín, J. L. (2017). Geospatial Google Street View with virtual reality: Amotivational approach for spatial training education. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 6(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6090261
  9. Chang, X.-Q., Zhang, D.-H., & Jin, X.-X. (2016). Application of virtual reality technology in distance learning. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 11(11), 76-79. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v11i11.6257
  10. Chen, C. J., Lau, S. Y., & Teh, C. S. (2015). A feasible group testing framework for producing usable virtual reality learning applications. Virtual Reality, 19(2), 129-144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-015-0263-7
  11. Chen, Y.-L. (2016). The Effects of Virtual Reality Learning Environment on Student Cognitive and Linguistic Development. Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 25(4), 637-646. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-016-0293-2
  12. Cho, D., Ham, J., Oh, J., Park, J., Kim, S., Lee, N.-K., & Lee, B. (2017). Detection of stress levels from biosignals measured in virtual reality environments using a kernel-based extreme learning machine. Sensors (Switzerland), 17(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/s17102435
  13. Choi, K.-S., He, X., Chiang, V. C.-L., & Deng, Z. (2015). A virtual reality based simulator for learning nasogastric tube placement. Computers in Biology and Medicine, 57(Supplement C), 103-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2014.12.006
  14. Cimadevilla, J. M., Roldán, L., París, M., Arnedo, M., & Roldán, S. (2014). Spatial learning in a virtual reality-based task is altered in very preterm children. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 36(9), 1002-1008. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2014.963520
  15. Davis, R. L., & Weisbeck, C. (2015). Search strategies used by older adults in a virtual reality place learning task. Gerontologist, 55, S118-S127. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnv020
  16. de Faria, J. W. V., Teixeira, M. J., Júnior, L. de M. S., Otoch, J. P., & Figueiredo, E. G. (2016). Virtual and stereoscopic anatomy: When virtual reality meets medical education. Journal of Neurosurgery, 125(5), 1105-1111. https://doi.org/10.3171/2015.8.JNS141563
  17. de la Torre-Luque, A., Valero-Aguayo, L., & de la Rubia-Cuestas, E. J. (2017). Visuospatial Orientation Learning through Virtual Reality for People with Severe Disability. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 64(4), 420-435. https://doi.org/10.1080/1034912X.2016.1274022
  18. de Mello Monteiro, C. B., da Silva, T. D., de Abreu, L. C., Fregni, F., de Araujo, L. V., Ferreira, F. H. I. B., & Leone, C. (2017). Short-term motor learning through non-immersive virtual reality task in individuals with down syndrome. BMC Neurology, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-017-0852-z
  19. Dubovi, I., Levy, S. T., & Dagan, E. (2017). Now I know how! The learning process of medication administration among nursing students with non-immersive desktop virtual reality simulation. Computers & Education, 113, 16-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2017.05.009
  20. Fajnerová, I., Rodriguez, M., Levcík, D., Konrádová, L., Mikoláš, P., Brom, C., … Horácek, J. (2014). A virtual reality task based on animal research – spatial learning and memory in patients after the first episode of schizophrenia. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 8, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00157
  21. Fiard, G., Selmi, S.-Y., Promayon, E., Vadcard, L., Descotes, J.-L., & Troccaz, J. (2014). Initial Validation of a Virtual-Reality Learning Environment for Prostate Biopsies: Realism Matters! Journal of Endourology, 28(4), 453-458. https://doi.org/10.1089/end.2013.0454
  22. Gong, X., Liu, Y., Jiao, Y., Wang, B., Zhou, J., & Yu, H. (2015). A novel earthquake education system based on virtual reality. IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, E98D(12), 2242-2249. https://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2015EDP7165
  23. Hsu, K.-S., Jiang, J.-F., Wei, H.-Y., & Lee, T.-H. (2016). Application of the environmental sensation learning vehicle simulation platform in virtual reality. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 12(5), 1477-1485. https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2016.1525a
  24. Huang, H.-M., Liaw, S.-S., & Lai, C.-M. (2016). Exploring learner acceptance of the use of virtual reality in medical education: a case study of desktop and projection-based display systems. Interactive Learning Environments, 24(1), 3-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2013.817436
  25. Jang, S., Vitale, J. M., Jyung, R. W., & Black, J. B. (2017). Direct manipulation is better than passive viewing for learning anatomy in a three-dimensional virtual reality environment. Computers & Education, 106(Supplement C), 150-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.12.009
  26. Jimeno-Morenilla, A., Sánchez-Romero, J. L., Mora-Mora, H., & Coll-Miralles, R. (2016). Using virtual reality for industrial design learning: a methodological proposal. Behaviour and Information Technology, 35(11), 897-906. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2016.1215525
  27. Kim, P. W., Shin, Y. S., Ha, B. H., & Anisetti, M. (2017). Effects of avatar character performances in virtual reality dramas used for teachers’ education. Behaviour & Information Technology, 36(7), 699-712. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2016.1275809
  28. Lau, Kung Wong, Kan, C. W., & Lee, P. Y. (2017). Doing textiles experiments in game-based virtual reality: A design of the Stereoscopic Chemical Laboratory (SCL) for textiles education. International Journal of Information and Learning Technology, 34(3), 242-258. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJILT-05-2016-0016
  29. Lau, K.W. (2015). Organizational learning goes virtual?: A study of employees’ learning achievement in stereoscopic 3D virtual reality. Learning Organization, 22(5), 289-303. https://doi.org/10.1108/TLO-11-2014-0063
  30. Le, Q. T., Pedro, A., & Park, C. S. (2015). A Social Virtual Reality Based Construction Safety Education System for Experiential Learning. Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems: Theory and Applications, 79(3-4), 487-506. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-014-0112-z
  31. Lee, E. A.-L., & Wong, K. W. (2014). Learning with desktop virtual reality: Low spatial ability learners are more positively affected. Computers & Education, 79, 49-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.07.010
  32. Lee, G. I., & Lee, M. R. (2018). Can a virtual reality surgical simulation training provide a self-driven and mentor-free skills learning? Investigation of the practical influence of the performance metrics from the virtual reality robotic surgery simulator on the skill learning and associated cognitive workloads. Surgical Endoscopy, 32(1), 62-72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-017-5634-6
  33. Levac, D. E., Glegg, S. M. N., Sveistrup, H., Colquhoun, H., Miller, P., Finestone, H., … Velikonja, D. (2016). Promoting therapists’ use of motor learning strategies within virtual reality-based stroke rehabilitation. PLoS ONE, 11(12). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168311
  34. Lin, M. T.-Y., Wang, J.-S., Kuo, H.-M., & Luo, Y. (2017). A study on the effect of virtual reality 3D exploratory education on students’ creativity and leadership. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(7), 3151-3161. https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2017.00709a
  35. Liou, H.-H., Yang, S. J. H., Chen, S. Y., & Tarng, W. (2017). The Influences of the 2D Image-Based Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality on Student Learning. Educational Technology & Society, 20(3), 110-121.
  36. Lv, Z., Li, X., & Li, W. (2017). Virtual reality geographical interactive scene semantics research for immersive geography learning. Neurocomputing, 254(Supplement C), 71-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2016.07.078
  37. Madrigal, E., Prajapati, S., & Hernandez-Prera, J. C. (2016). Introducing a virtual reality experience in anatomic pathology education. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 146(4), 462-468. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqw133
  38. Madsen, M. E., Konge, L., Nørgaard, L. N., Tabor, A., Ringsted, C., Klemmensen, å. K., … Tolsgaard, M. G. (2014). Assessment of performance measures and learning curves for use of a virtual-reality ultrasound simulator in transvaginal ultrasound examination. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 44(6), 693-699. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.13400
  39. Marusak, H. A., Peters, C. A., Hehr, A., Elrahal, F., & Rabinak, C. A. (2017). A novel paradigm to study interpersonal threat-related learning and extinction in children using virtual reality. Scientific Reports, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-17131-5
  40. Middleton, R. M., Alvand, A., Garfjeld Roberts, P., Hargrove, C., Kirby, G., & Rees, J. L. (2017). Simulation-Based Training Platforms for Arthroscopy: A Randomized Comparison of Virtual Reality Learning to Benchtop Learning. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery, 33(5), 996-1003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2016.10.021
  41. Moro, C., Štromberga, Z., & Stirling, A. (2017). Virtualisation devices for student learning: Comparison between desktop-based (Oculus Rift) and mobile-based (Gear VR) virtual reality in medical and health science education. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 33(6), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.3840
  42. Nickel, F., Brzoska, J. A., Gondan, M., Rangnick, H. M., Chu, J., Kenngott, H. G., … Müller-Stich, B. P. (2015). Virtual reality training versus blended learning of laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized controlled trial with laparoscopic novices. Medicine, 94(20), e764. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000000764
  43. Orman, E. K., Price, H. E., & Russell, C. R. (2017). Feasibility of Using an Augmented Immersive Virtual Reality Learning Environment to Enhance Music Conducting Skills. Journal of Music Teacher Education, 27(1), 24-35. https://doi.org/10.1177/1057083717697962
  44. Parsons, S. (2015). Learning to work together: Designing a multi-user virtual reality game for social collaboration and perspective-taking for children with autism. International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction, 6(Supplement C), 28-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcci.2015.12.002
  45. Pedro, A., Le, Q. T., & Park, C. S. (2016). Framework for Integrating Safety into Construction Methods Education through Interactive Virtual Reality. Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, 142(2). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.0000261
  46. Rahm, S., Wieser, K., Wicki, I., Holenstein, L., Fucentese, S. F., & Gerber, C. (2016). Performance of medical students on a virtual reality simulator for knee arthroscopy: An analysis of learning curves and predictors of performance. BMC Surgery, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12893-016-0129-2
  47. Ramachandiran, C. R., Jomhari, N., Thiyagaraja, S., & Maria, M. (2015). Virtual Reality Based Behavioural Learning for Autistic Children. Electronic Journal of E-Learning, 13(5), 357-365.
  48. Repetto, C., Colombo, B., & Riva, G. (2015). Is Motor Simulation Involved During Foreign Language Learning? A Virtual Reality Experiment. SAGE Open, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244015609964
  49. Rohidatun, M. W., Faieza, A. A., Rosnah, M. Y., Nor Hayati, S., & Rahinah, I. (2016). Development of virtual reality (VR) system with haptic controller and augmented reality (AR) system to enhance learning and training experience. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 11(16), 8806-8809.
  50. Rovira, A., & Slater, M. (2017). Reinforcement Learning as a tool to make people move to a specific location in Immersive Virtual Reality. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 98(Supplement C), 89-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2016.10.007
  51. Smith, S. J., Farra, S., Ulrich, D. L., Hodgson, E., Nicely, S., & Matcham, W. (2016). Learning and Retention Using Virtual Reality in a Decontamination Simulation. Nursing Education Perspectives, 37(4), 210-214. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NEP.0000000000000035
  52. Statista. (2018). Global mobile OS market share in sales to end users from 1st quarter 2009 to 1st quarter 2018. Geliş tarihi gönderen https://www.statista.com/statistics/266136/global-market-share-held-by-smartphone-operating-systems/
  53. Sun, G., Chen, W., Li, H., Sun, Q., Kyan, M., Muneesawang, & Zhang, P. (2017). A virtual reality dance self-learning framework using Laban movement analysis. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review, 10(5), 25-32. https://doi.org/10.25103/jestr.105.03
  54. Tiffany, J. M., & Hoglund, B. A. (2014). Facilitating Learning Through Virtual Reality Simulation: Welcome to Nightingale Isle. Içinde Virtual, Augmented Reality and Serious Games for Healthcare 1 (ss. 159-174). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54816-1_9
  55. Tremblay, L., Chebbi, B., Bouchard, S., Cimon-Lambert, K., & Carmichael, J. (2014). Learning disabilities and visual-motor skills; comparing assessment from a hapto-virtual reality tool and Bender-Gestalt test. Virtual Reality, 18(1), 49-60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-014-0242-4
  56. Tretsiakova-McNally, S., Maranne, E., Verbecke, F., & Molkov, V. (2017). Mixed e-learning and virtual reality pedagogical approach for innovative hydrogen safety training of first responders. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 42(11), 7504-7512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.03.175
  57. Vélaz, Y., Rodríguez Arce, J., Gutiérrez, T., Lozano-Rodero, A., & Suescun, A. (2017). The Influence of Interaction Technology on the Learning of Assembly Tasks Using Virtual Reality. Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering, 14(4), 041007-1/041007-9. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4028588
  58. Vieira, C. B., Seshadri, V., Oliveira, R. A. R., Reinhardt, P., Calazans, P. M. P., & Vieira Filho, J. B. (2017). Applying virtual reality model to green ironmaking industry and education: ‘a case study of charcoal mini-blast furnace plant’. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, 126(1-2), 116-123. https://doi.org/10.1080/03719553.2016.1278516
  59. Wan, W. A. J., & Awaatif, A. (2017). Virtual Reality Courseware Towards Achievement of Transfer Learning Among Students with Different Spatial Ability. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 9(2-11), 51-54.
  60. Wang, Y.-S., Sun, J., & Liu, L. (2017). Effects of applying virtual reality to adventure athletic education on students’ self-efficacy and team cohesiveness. Journal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics, 20(3), 895-908. https://doi.org/10.1080/09720502.2017.1358889
  61. Wang, Z., Ni, Y., Zhang, Y., Jin, X., Xia, Q., & Wang, H. (2014). Laparoscopic Varicocelectomy: Virtual Reality Training and Learning Curve. JSLS: Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons, 18(3), e2014.00258. https://doi.org/10.4293/JSLS.2014.00258
  62. Wong, C. W., Olafsson, V., Plank, M., Snider, J., Halgren, E., Poizner, H., & Liu, T. T. (2014). Resting-state fMRI activity predicts unsupervised learning and memory in an immersive virtual reality environment. PLoS ONE, 9(10). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0109622
  63. Xu, X., & Ke, F. (2016). Designing a Virtual-Reality-Based, Gamelike Math Learning Environment. American Journal of Distance Education, 30(1), 27-38. https://doi.org/10.1080/08923647.2016.1119621
  64. Yeh, S.-C., Huang, M.-C., Wang, P.-C., Fang, T.-Y., Su, M.-C., Tsai, P.-Y., & Rizzo, A. (2014). Machine learning-based assessment tool for imbalance and vestibular dysfunction with virtual reality rehabilitation system. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 116(3), 311-318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2014.04.014
  65. Wang, Z., Ni, Y., Zhang, Y., Jin, X., Xia, Q., & Wang, H. (2014). Laparoscopic Varicocelectomy: Virtual Reality Training and Learning Curve. JSLS: Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons, 18(3), e2014.00258. https://doi.org/10.4293/JSLS.2014.00258