KaydedilenlerDerginizi ekleyin

Dergiler / Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences / 2024 / Volume: 25 Issue: 2

Investigation of the putative functional relevance of the IL-6 3'UTR genetic variants with athletic phenotype in Turkish triathletes

Dilek Pirim(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi)0000-0002-0522-9432
Hasan Faruk Niş(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi)0000-0002-6665-9874
Fatih Atilla Bağcı(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi)0009-0003-5158-1757
Sayfa
—
Yayın Tarihi
2024-10-15
🏛️Bu makalenin bibliyografik verileri ve tam metin bağlantısı DergiPark üzerinden sağlanmıştır.
DergiPark Kaydı ↗
✨

Yapay Zeka Hızlı Bakış & Çıkarımlar

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

Hedef gen bölgesinin dizilenmesi sonu-cunda, katılımcıların tükürük örneklerinde dört tek nükleotid varyantı (rs13306435, rs747302620, rs2069849, rs13306436) tespit edilmiştir. rs13306436-3'UTR/IL-6 sadece triatletlerde görülürken, ekzonik rs747302620 sadece sedanter grupta gözlenmiştir.

📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale

🎯
Amaç & Hipotez:Önceki araştırmalar, interlökin-6 (IL-6) geni varyantlarının spor ile ilgili özelliklere ve atle-tik performansa katkı sağladığını ileri sürmektedir.
📊
Temel Bulgular & Veri:Bu çalışmada, Türk triatletler ve sedanter bireylerde IL-6 geninin 3' translasyon olmayan bölgelerinde (UTR) dizi varyantlarını tanım-lamayı ve bunların atletik fenotipe yatkınlıktaki varsayılan rollerini değerlendirmeyi amaçla-dık.
💡
Sonuç & Katkı:Hedef gen bölgesinin dizilenmesi sonu-cunda, katılımcıların tükürük örneklerinde dört tek nükleotid varyantı (rs13306435, rs747302620, rs2069849, rs13306436) tespit edilmiştir. rs13306436-3'UTR/IL-6 sadece triatletlerde görülürken, ekzonik rs747302620 sadece sedanter grupta gözlenmiştir.
🔬Tür:Uygulamalı Anket & Alan Araştırması
📍Kapsam:Genişletilmiş Akademik Örneklem
⚙️Değişkenler:3'UTR · bioinformatics · SNV

Özet

Önceki araştırmalar, interlökin-6 (IL-6) geni varyantlarının spor ile ilgili özelliklere ve atle-tik performansa katkı sağladığını ileri sürmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türk triatletler ve sedanter bireylerde IL-6 geninin 3' translasyon olmayan bölgelerinde (UTR) dizi varyantlarını tanım-lamayı ve bunların atletik fenotipe yatkınlıktaki varsayılan rollerini değerlendirmeyi amaçla-dık. Türk triatletlerde (n = 47) ve sedanter bireylerde (n = 46) dizi varyantları Sanger dizi-leme ile tanımlanmıştır. Alel/genotip frekansları ve bağlantı dengesizliği (LD) örüntüleri Haploview programı ile hesaplanmıştır. Tespit edilen varyantların fonksiyonel önemleri in silico tahmin araçları kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Hedef gen bölgesinin dizilenmesi sonu-cunda, katılımcıların tükürük örneklerinde dört tek nükleotid varyantı (rs13306435, rs747302620, rs2069849, rs13306436) tespit edilmiştir. rs13306436-3'UTR/IL-6 sadece triatletlerde görülürken, ekzonik rs747302620 sadece sedanter grupta gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca, rs13306436G>A, miRNA'ların bağlanabileceği kayıp/kazanç bölgeleri yaratarak atletil per-formans ile ilişkili olabilir. Bulgularımız, 3'UTR/IL-6'nın sporcu yeteneğini belirlemede iş-levsel bir öneme sahip olabileceğini göstermektedir. Sporcularda IL-6 genine odaklı yapıla-cak gelecekteki kapsamlı çalışmalar, yalnızca bireylerin atletik durumlarının belirlenmesine değil, aynı zamanda translasyonel tıp için de çıkarımlara yol açabilir.

Abstract

Previous research suggests that genetic variants in the interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene contribute to sport-related traits and athletic performance. We aimed to identify sequence variants in the IL-6 gene region comprising the 3' untranslated region (UTR) in the Turkish triathletes and sedentary individuals and assessed their putative roles in tendency to athletic phenotype. Sequence variants were identified in the Turkish triathletes (n = 47) and sedentary individu-als (n = 46) by Sanger sequencing. Allele/genotype frequencies and linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns were calculated by the Haploview program. The functional significance of the detected variants was analyzed using in silico prediction tools. Four single nucleotide vari-ants (rs13306435, rs747302620, rs2069849, rs13306436) were detected in saliva samples of the participants by sequencing the target region. Notably, rs13306436-3'UTR/IL-6 was only seen in the triathletes, while the exonic rs747302620 was observed in only sedentary group. Also, rs13306436G>A causes loss/gain sites for binding multiple miRNAs that may be associated with athletic performance. Our findings indicate that the 3'UTR/IL-6 may have functional relevance in determining sports talent. Future comprehensive studies focusing on the IL-6 gene in athletes may pave the way for not only determining the athletic status of the individuals but also have implications for translational medicine.

🔖

Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Pirim, D., Niş, H. F., Bağcı, F. A. (2024). Investigation of the putative functional relevance of the IL-6 3'UTR genetic variants with athletic phenotype in Turkish triathletes. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences, Volume: 25 Issue: 2. https://doi.org/10.23902/trkjnat.1493225

📄 Tam Metin PDF Okuyucu

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

Kaynakça (61)

  1. Adzhubei, I.A., Schmidt, S., Peshkin, L., Ramensky, V.E., Gerasimova, A., Bork, P., Kondrashov, A.S. & Sunyaev, S.R. 2010. A method and server for predicting damaging missense mutations. Nature Methods, 7(4): 248-249. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth0410-248
  2. Akkoç, O., Bi̇rli̇k, A., Doğan, C.S., Ulucan, K. & Kirandi, Ö. 2020. Türk İronman Triatlon Sporcularında IL-6, HIF1A, MCT1, PPAR-a Polimorfizm Dağılımının Belirlenmesi. Spor Eğitim Dergisi, 4(1): 1-7.
  3. Appel, M., Zentgraf, K., Krüger, K. & Alack, K. 2021. Effects of Genetic Variation on Endurance Performance, Muscle Strength, and Injury Susceptibility in Sports: A Systematic Review. Frontiers in Physiology, 12: 694411. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.694411
  4. Ataie-Kachoie, P., Pourgholami, M.H. & Morris, D.L. 2013. Inhibition of the IL-6 signaling pathway: a strategy to combat chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer. Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, 24(2): 163-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cytogfr.2012.09.001
  5. Barrett, J.C., Fry, B., Maller, J. & Daly, M.J. 2005. Haploview: analysis and visualization of LD and haplotype maps. Bioinformatics, 21(2): 263-265. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bth457
  6. Bennermo, M., Held, C., Stemme, S., Ericsson, C.-G., Silveira, A., Green, F. & Tornvall, P. 2004. Genetic Predisposition of the Interleukin-6 Response to Inflammation: Implications for a Variety of Major Diseases? Clinical Chemistry, 50(11): 2136-2140. https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2004.037531
  7. Ben-Zaken, S., Eliakim, A., Nemet, D., Kaufman, L. & Meckel, Y. 2022. Genetic characteristics of competitive swimmers: A review. Biology of Sport, 39(1): 157-170. https://doi.org/10.5114%2Fbiolsport.2022.102868
  8. Ben-Zaken, S., Eliakim, A., Nemet, D., Rabinovich, M., Kassem, E. & Meckel, Y. 2015. ACTN3 Polymorphism: Comparison Between Elite Swimmers and Runners. Sports Medicine - Open, 1(1): 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-015-0023-y
  9. Ben-Zaken, S., Meckel, Y., Nemet, D., Kassem, E. & Eliakim, A. 2017. Increased Prevalence of the IL-6-174C Genetic Polymorphism in Long Distance Swimmers. Journal of Human Kinetics, 58: 121-130. https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0070
  10. Bongiovanni, T., Pintus, R., Dessì, A., Noto, A., Sardo, S., Finco, G., Corsello, G. & Fanos, V. 2019. Sportomics: metabolomics applied to sports. The new revolution? European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 23(24): 11011-11019. https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_201912_19807
  11. Boyle, A.P., Hong, E.L., Hariharan, M., Cheng, Y., Schaub, M.A., Kasowski, M., Karczewski, K.J., Park, J., Hitz, B.C., Weng, S., Cherry, J.M. & Snyder, M. 2012. Annotation of functional variation in personal genomes using RegulomeDB. Genome Research, 22(9): 1790-1797. https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.137323.112
  12. Catoire, M. & Kersten, S. 2015. The search for exercise factors in humans. The FASEB Journal, 29(5): 1615-1628. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.14-263699
  13. Ceni̇kli̇, A., Nursal, A., Tural, E., Polat, Y., Tasmektepligil, M. & Serbulent, Y. 2016. The Correlation between Rs1800795 Variant of IL 6 and Sports Performance among Turkish Elite Athletes. International Journal of Humanities, Social Sciences and Education, 3(11): 1-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2349-0381.0311001
  14. Chen, Z., Zhang, L., Ding, C., Ren, K., Wan, D. & Lin, S. 2022. A six-miRNA signature as a novel biomarker for improving prediction of prognosis and patterns of immune infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma. American Journal of Translational Research, 14(6): 3610-3637.
  15. Corak, A., Kapici, S., Sercan, C., Akkoç, O. & Ulucan, K. 2017. A pilot study for determination of anxiety related SLC6A4 promoter “S” and “L” alleles in healthy Turkish athletes. Cellular and Molecular Biology (Noisy-Le-Grand, France), 63(5): 29-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2017.63.5.6
  16. de Gonzalo-Calvo, D., Dávalos, A., Montero, A., García-González, Á., Tyshkovska, I., González-Medina, A., Soares, S.M.A., Martínez-Camblor, P., Casas-Agustench, P., Rabadán, M., Díaz-Martínez, Á.E., Úbeda, N. & Iglesias-Gutiérrez, E. 2015. Circulating inflammatory miRNA signature in response to different doses of aerobic exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, 119(2): 124-134. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00077.2015
  17. de la Iglesia, R., Espinosa-Salinas, I., Lopez-Silvarrey, F.J., Ramos-Alvarez, J.J., Segovia, J. C., Colmenarejo, G., Borregon-Rivilla, E., Marcos-Pasero, H., Aguilar-Aguilar, E., Loria-Kohen, V., Reglero, G. & Ramirez-de Molina, A. 2020. A Potential Endurance Algorithm Prediction in the Field of Sports Performance. Frontiers in Genetics, 11: 711. https://doi.org/10.3389/FGENE.2020.00711
  18. Domingo, R., Sturrock, E. & Collins, M. 2012. ACE Activity and Endurance Performance during the South African Ironman Triathlons. International journal of sports medicine, 34(5): 402-408. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1323820
  19. Eider, J., Cieszczyk, P., Leońska-Duniec, A., Maciejewska, A., Sawczuk, M., Ficek, K. & Kotarska, K. 2013. Association of the 174 G/C polymorphism of the IL6 gene in Polish power-orientated athletes. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 53(1): 88-92.
  20. Fuku, N., Kumagai, H. & Ahmetov, I.I. 2019. Chapter Fourteen - Genetics of muscle fiber composition. pp. 295-314. In: Barh, D. & Ahmetov, I.I. (eds). Sports, Exercise, and Nutritional Genomics. Academic Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816193-7.00014-2
  21. Ginevičienė, V., Utkus, A., Pranckevičienė, E., Semenova, E.A., Hall, E.C R. & Ahmetov, I.I. 2022. Perspectives in Sports Genomics. Biomedicines, 10(2): 298. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10020298
  22. Grealy, R., Herruer, J., Smith, C.L E., Hiller, D., Haseler, L.J. & Griffiths, L.R. 2015. Evaluation of a 7-Gene Genetic Profile for Athletic Endurance Phenotype in Ironman Championship Triathletes. PLOS ONE, 10(12): e0145171. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0145171
  23. Heffernan, S.M., Kilduff, L.P., Erskine, R.M., Day, S.H., Stebbings, G.K., Cook, C.J., Raleigh, S.M., Bennett, M.A., Wang, G., Collins, M., Pitsiladis, Y.P. & Williams, A.G. 2017. COL5A1 gene variants previously associated with reduced soft tissue injury risk are associated with elite athlete status in rugby. BMC genomics, 18(Suppl 8): 820. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-017-4187-3
  24. Hirano, T. 2021. IL-6 in inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer. International Immunology, 33(3): 127-148. https://doi.org/10.1093/intimm/dxaa078
  25. Hu, L., Liu, Y., Wang, B., Wu, Z., Chen, Y., Yu, L., Zhu, J., Shen, W., Chen, C., Chen, D., Li, G., Xu, L. & Luo, Y. 2019. MiR-539-5p negatively regulates migration of rMSCs induced by Bushen Huoxue decoction through targeting Wnt5a. International Journal of Medical Sciences, 16(7): 998-1006. https://doi.org/10.7150%2Fijms.33437
  26. Jing, J., Chang, M., Jiang, S., Wang, T., Sun, Q., Yang, J., Ma, C. & Li, T. 2023. Clinical value of serum miR-1-3p as a potential circulating biomarker for abdominal aortic aneurysm. Annals of Medicine, 55(2): 2260395. https://doi.org/10.1080%2F07853890.2023.2260395
  27. Kazanci, D., Polat, T., Doğan, C.S., Aslan, B.T., Oktay, Ş., Bi̇li̇ci̇, M.F., Kaynar, Ö., Eken, B.F. & Ulucan, K. 2021. The Determination of IL-6 rs1800795 Polymorphism Distribution in Turkish National Cross-Country Skiing Athletes Sub-groups Created Referring to the 1km CCSTAs. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 11(4): 782-786. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.904524
  28. Kazancı, D., Polat, T., Kaynar, Ö., Bilici, M.F., Tacal Aslan, B. & Ulucan, K. 2023. PPARA and IL6: exploring associations with athletic performance and genotype polymorphism. Cellular and Molecular Biology (Noisy-Le-Grand, France), 69(11): 69-75. http://doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2023.69.11.12
  29. Kishimoto, T. & Kang, S. 2022. IL-6 Revisited: From Rheumatoid Arthritis to CAR T Cell Therapy and COVID-19. Annual Review of Immunology, 40(1): 323-348. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-101220-023458
  30. Konopka, M.J., Sperlich, B., Rietjens, G. & Zeegers, M.P. 2023. Genetics and athletic performance: a systematic SWOT analysis of non-systematic reviews. Frontiers in Genetics, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2023.1232987
  31. Kotewitsch, M., Heimer, M., Schmitz, B. & Mooren, F.C. 2024. Non-coding RNAs in exercise immunology: A systematic review. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 13(3): 311-338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2023.11.001
  32. Leuchtmann, A.B., Furrer, R., Steurer, S.A., Schneider-Heieck, K., Karrer-Cardel, B., Sagot, Y. & Handschin, C. 2022. Interleukin-6 potentiates endurance training adaptation and improves functional capacity in old mice. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 13(2): 1164-1176. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12949
  33. Li, Y., Yao, M., Zhou, Q., Cheng, Y., Che, L., Xu, J., Xiao, J., Shen, Z. & Bei, Y. 2018. Dynamic Regulation of Circulating microRNAs During Acute Exercise and Long-Term Exercise Training in Basketball Athletes. Frontiers in Physiology, 9: 282. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00282
  34. Liu, C.-J., Fu, X., Xia, M., Zhang, Q., Gu, Z. & Guo, A.-Y. 2021. miRNASNP-v3: a comprehensive database for SNPs and disease-related variations in miRNAs and miRNA targets. Nucleic Acids Research, 49(D1): D1276-D1281. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa783
  35. Machiela, M.J., & Chanock, S. J. (2015). LDlink: A web-based application for exploring population-specific haplotype structure and linking correlated alleles of possible functional variants. Bioinformatics (Oxford, England), 31(21): 3555–3557. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btv402
  36. Massart, J., Sjögren, R.J.O., Egan, B., Garde, C., Lindgren, M., Gu, W., Ferreira, D.M.S., Katayama, M., Ruas, J.L., Barrès, R., O’Gorman, D.J., Zierath, J.R. & Krook, A. 2021. Endurance exercise training-responsive miR-19b-3p improves skeletal muscle glucose metabolism. Nature Communications, 12(1): 5948. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26095-0
  37. Mayr, C. 2019. What Are 3′ UTRs Doing? Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 11(10): a034728. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a034728
  38. Meurer, S., Krüger, K. & Mooren, F. 2016. MicroRNAs unter Einfluss körperlicher Belastung. Deutsche Zeitschrift für Sportmedizin, 2016(02): 27-34.
  39. Montalbo, R., Izquierdo, L., Ingelmo-Torres, M., Lozano, J.J., Capitán, D., Alcaraz, A. & Mengual, L. 2018. Prognostic value of circulating microRNAs in upper tract urinary carcinoma. Oncotarget, 9(24): 16691-16700. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.24672
  40. Moreland, E., Borisov, O.V., Semenova, E.A., Larin, A.K., Andryushchenko, O.N., Andryushchenko, L.B., Generozov, E.V., Williams, A.G. & Ahmetov, I.I. 2022. Polygenic Profile of Elite Strength Athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 36(9): 2509-2514. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003901
  41. Nash, D., Hughes, M.G., Butcher, L., Aicheler, R., Smith, P., Cullen, T. & Webb, R. 2023. IL-6 signaling in acute exercise and chronic training: Potential consequences for health and athletic performance. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 33(1): 4-19. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14241
  42. Ng, P.C. & Henikoff, S. 2003. SIFT: predicting amino acid changes that affect protein function. Nucleic Acids Research, 31(13): 3812-3814. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkg509
  43. O’Connell, K., Posthumus, M. & Collins, M. 2014. Collagen gene interactions and endurance running performance. South African Journal of Sports Medicine, 26(1): 9-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/SAJSM.523.
  44. Pedersen, B.K. 2013. Muscle as a Secretory Organ. Comprehensive Physiology, 3(3): 1337-1362. https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c120033
  45. Pickering, C., Suraci, B., Semenova, E.A., Boulygina, E.A., Kostryukova, E.S., Kulemin, N.A., Borisov, O.V., Khabibova, S.A., Larin, A.K., Pavlenko, A.V., Lyubaeva, E.V., Popov, D.V., Lysenko, E.A., Vepkhvadze, T.F., Lednev, E.M., Leońska-Duniec, A., Pająk, B., Chycki, J., Moska, W., Lulińska-Kuklik, E., Dornowski, M., Maszczyk, A., Bradley, B., Kana-Ah, A., Cięszczyk, P., Generozov, E.V., Ahmetov, I.I 2019. A Genome-Wide Association Study of Sprint Performance in Elite Youth Football Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 33(9): 2344-2351. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003259
  46. Rivera, M.A., Fahey, T.D., López-Taylor, J.R. & Martínez, J.L. 2020. The Association of Aquaporin-1 Gene with Marathon Running Performance Level: a Confirmatory Study Conducted in Male Hispanic Marathon Runners. Sports Medicine - Open, 6: 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-020-00243-0
  47. Rosa Neto, J.C., Lira, F.S., Oyama, L.M., Zanchi, N.E., Yamashita, A.S., Batista, M.L., Oller do Nascimento, C.M. & Seelaender, M. 2009. Exhaustive exercise causes an anti-inflammatory effect in skeletal muscle and a pro-inflammatory effect in adipose tissue in rats. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 106(5): 697-704. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-009-1070-1
  48. Ryu, I.S., Kim, D.H., Cho, H.-J. & Ryu, J.-H. 2023. The role of microRNA-485 in neurodegenerative diseases. Reviews in the Neurosciences, 34(1): 49-62. https://doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2022-0039
  49. Saunders, C.J., Posthumus, M., O’Connell, K., September, A.V. & Collins, M. 2015. A variant within the AQP1 3’-untranslated region is associated with running performance, but not weight changes, during an Ironman Triathlon. Journal of Sports Sciences, 33(13): 1342-1348. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.989535
  50. Schwarz, J.M., Cooper, D.N., Schuelke, M. & Seelow, D. 2014. MutationTaster2: mutation prediction for the deep-sequencing age. Nature Methods, 11(4): 361-362. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2890
  51. Semenova, E.A., Hall, E.C.R. & Ahmetov, I.I. 2023. Genes and Athletic Performance: The 2023 Update. Genes, 14(6): 1235. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14061235
  52. Silva, G.J.J., Bye, A., el Azzouzi, H. & Wisløff, U. 2017. MicroRNAs as Important Regulators of Exercise Adaptation. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, Physical Activity, Exercise and Fitness in Health and Disease, 60(1): 130-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2017.06.003
  53. Siracusa, J., Koulmann, N. & Banzet, S. 2018. Circulating myomiRs: a new class of biomarkers to monitor skeletal muscle in physiology and medicine. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 9(1): 20-27. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12227
  54. Sofu, M. 2020, January 23. Futbolcularda dayanıklılık ve kas iyileşmesi ile ilişkili interlökin-6 (IL-6) rs1800795 polimorfizminin dağılımının belirlenmesi. MasterThesis. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  55. Trinh, B., Peletier, M., Simonsen, C., Plomgaard, P., Karstoft, K., Pedersen, B.K., van Hall, G. & Ellingsgaard, H. 2021. Blocking endogenous IL-6 impairs mobilization of free fatty acids during rest and exercise in lean and obese men. Cell Reports Medicine, 2(9). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100396
  56. Tuna, G., Polat, T., Yilmaz, Ö.Ö., Kapici, S., Doğan, C.S., Sağiroğlu, I., Savaşan, M., Erdil, N.G. & Ulucan, K. 2022. The Relationship between Swimming Styles and IL-6 Rs1800795 Polymorphism in Professional Swimmers. Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences, 16(07): 444-444. https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22167444
  57. Varillas-Delgado, D., Del Coso, J., Gutiérrez-Hellín, J., Aguilar-Navarro, M., Muñoz, A., Maestro, A. & Morencos, E. 2022. Genetics and sports performance: the present and future in the identification of talent for sports based on DNA testing. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 122(8): 1811-1830. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-022-04945-z
  58. Yamin, C., Duarte, J.A.R., Oliveira, J.M.F., Amir, O., Sagiv, M., Eynon, N., Sagiv, M. & Amir, R.E. 2008. IL6 (-174) and TNFA (-308) promoter polymorphisms are associated with systemic creatine kinase response to eccentric exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 104(3): 579-586. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-008-0728-4
  59. Yang, X.-D., Xu, X.-H., Zhang, S.-Y., Wu, Y., Xing, C.-G., Ru, G., Xu, H.-T. & Cao, J.-P. 2015. Role of miR-100 in the radioresistance of colorectal cancer cells. American Journal of Cancer Research, 5(2): 545-559.
  60. Yue, X., Lan, F. & Liu, W. 2023. CircDDX17 inhibits invasive progression of pituitary adenomas by sponging miR-1279 and regulating CADM2 expression. Frontiers in Oncology, 13: 1268644. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2023.1268644
  61. Zhou, Q., Shi, C., Lv, Y., Zhao, C., Jiao, Z. & Wang, T. 2020. Circulating microRNAs in Response to Exercise Training in Healthy Adults. Frontiers in Genetics, 11: 256 https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2020.00256