KaydedilenlerDerginizi ekleyin

Dergiler / Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi / 2026 / Volume: 31 Issue: 1

Effects of Blood Flow Restriction Training on Respiratory Muscle Strength and Pulmonary Function in Healthy Young Adults

Zeliha Çelik(AMASYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0003-2550-7791
Nevin Atalay Güzel(GAZI UNIVERSITY)0000-0003-0467-7310
Nihan Kafa(GAZI UNIVERSITY)0000-0003-2878-4778
Necdet Eray Pişkin(NIGDE OMER HALISDEMIR UNIVERSITY)0000-0001-7255-078X
Zait Burak Aktuğ(NIGDE OMER HALISDEMIR UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-5102-4331
Hasan Aka(GAZI UNIVERSITY)0000-0003-0603-9478
Sayfa
—
Yayın Tarihi
2026-03-30
🏛️Bu makalenin bibliyografik verileri ve tam metin bağlantısı DergiPark üzerinden sağlanmıştır.
DergiPark Kaydı ↗
✨

Yapay Zeka Hızlı Bakış & Çıkarımlar

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

Further studies with longer intervention durations are needed to determine the respiratory system effects of BFR.

📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale

🎯
Amaç & Hipotez:Blood flow restriction (BFR) training has been effective on musculoskeletal and physiological systems even at low training intensities.
📊
Temel Bulgular & Veri:This prospective study included male participants aged 18–30 years.
💡
Sonuç & Katkı:Further studies with longer intervention durations are needed to determine the respiratory system effects of BFR.
🔬Tür:Research Article
📍Kapsam:Genişletilmiş Akademik Örneklem
⚙️Değişkenler:Blood flow restriction training · Pulmonary function test · Respiratory muscles

Abstract

Blood flow restriction (BFR) training has been effective on musculoskeletal and physiological systems even at low training intensities. However, data on the effects of BFR training on respiratory muscle strength and pulmonary function are limited. The study aims to investigate the effects of low-load BFR training on respiratory muscle strength and pulmonary function parameters in healthy adults. This prospective study included male participants aged 18–30 years. The study groups consisted of 25 participants in total, 12 who performed BFR training and 13 who did not. The BFR group completed an 8-week resistance exercise program at 20%-40% 1RM (3 sets/30-15-15 repetitions) three days per week. The non-BFR group followed the same exercise protocol without BFR. Pulmonary function (FVC, FEV₁, FEV₁/FVC, PEF) and respiratory muscle strength (MIP, MEP) were assessed using a spirometer. Baseline demographic and clinical variables were similar between groups (p>0.05). Significant time effects were observed for MIP, MEP, FVC%, FEV₁%, and PEF% (p 0.05). Low-load BFR training is a safe and feasible method that provides improvements in respiratory muscle strength and lung function similar to conventional training. Further studies with longer intervention durations are needed to determine the respiratory system effects of BFR.

🔖

Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Çelik, Z., Güzel, N. A., Kafa, N., Pişkin, N. E., Aktuğ, Z. B., Aka, H. (2026). Effects of Blood Flow Restriction Training on Respiratory Muscle Strength and Pulmonary Function in Healthy Young Adults. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, Volume: 31 Issue: 1. https://doi.org/10.53434/gbesbd.1846606

📄 Tam Metin PDF Okuyucu

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

Kaynakça (26)

  1. Cahalin, L. P., Formiga, M. F., Owens, J., Anderson, B., & Hughes, L. (2022). Beneficial role of blood flow restriction exercise in heart disease and heart failure using the muscle hypothesis of chronic heart failure and a growing literature. Frontiers in Physiology, 13, 924557. https://www.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.924557
  2. Centner, C., Wiegel, P., Gollhofer, A., & König, D. (2019). Effects of blood flow restriction training on muscular strength and hypertrophy in older individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 49(1), 95-108. https://www.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0994-1
  3. Early, K. S., Rockhill, M., Bryan, A., Tyo, B., Buuck, D., & McGinty, J. (2020). Effect of blood flow restriction training on muscular performance, pain and vascular function. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 15(6), 892. https://www.doi.org/10.26603/ijspt20200892
  4. Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G* Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175-191. https://www.doi.org/10.3758/bf03193146
  5. Gallagher, D., Heymsfield, S. B., Heo, M., Jebb, S. A., Murgatroyd, P. R., & Sakamoto, Y. (2000). Healthy percentage body fat ranges: an approach for developing guidelines based on body mass index. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 72(3), 694-701. https://www.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/72.3.694
  6. Hughes, L., Paton, B., Rosenblatt, B., Gissane, C., & Patterson, S. D. (2017). Blood flow restriction training in clinical musculoskeletal rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51(13), 1003-1011. https://www.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-097071
  7. Hughes, L., Jeffries, O., Waldron, M., Rosenblatt, B., Gissane, C., Paton, B., & Patterson, S. D. (2018). Influence and reliability of lower-limb arterial occlusion pressure at different body positions. PeerJ, 6, e4697. https://www.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4697
  8. Ji, S., Boschmann, M., Behringer, M., Wahl, P., & Franz, A. (2025). Local and Systemic Responses to Low‐Intensity Cycling with Blood Flow Restriction Compared to High‐Intensity Cycling: A Randomized Crossover Study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 35(11), e70157. https://www.doi.org/10.1111/sms.70157
  9. Kohlbrenner, D., Kuhn, M., Manettas, A., Aregger, C., Peterer, M., Greco, N.,. & Clarenbach, C. (2024). Low-load blood flow restriction strength training in patients with COPD: a randomised single-blind pilot study. Thorax, 79(4), 340-348. https://www.doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2023-220546
  10. Kuhn, M., Clarenbach, C. F., Kläy, A., Kohler, M., Mayer, L. C., Lüchinger, M.,. & Sievi, N. A. (2024). Exploring immediate cardiorespiratory responses: low-intensity blood flow restricted cycling vs. moderate-intensity traditional exercise in a randomized crossover trial. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 16(1), 172. https://www.doi.org/10.1186/s13102-024-00951-0
  11. Lauber, B., König, D., Gollhofer, A., & Centner, C. (2021). Isometric blood flow restriction exercise: acute physiological and neuromuscular responses. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 13(1), 12. https://www.doi.org/10.1186/s13102-021-00239-7
  12. Loenneke, J. P., Wilson, J. M., Marín, P. J., Zourdos, M. C., & Bemben, M. G. (2012). Low intensity blood flow restriction training: a meta-analysis. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 112(5), 1849-1859. https://www.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-2167-x
  13. Madarame, H., Neya, M., Ochi, E., Nakazato, K., Sato, Y., & Ishii, N. (2008). Cross-transfer effects of resistance training with blood flow restriction. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 40(2), 258-263. https://www.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e31815c6d7e
  14. May, A. K., Russell, A. P., Della Gatta, P. A., & Warmington, S. A. (2022). Muscle adaptations to heavy-load and blood flow restriction resistance training methods. Frontiers in Physiology, 13, 837697. https://www.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.837697
  15. Miller, B. C., Tirko, A. W., Shipe, J. M., Sumeriski, O. R., & Moran, K. (2021). The systemic effects of blood flow restriction training: a systematic review. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 16(4), 978. https://www.doi.org/10.26603/001c.25791
  16. Patterson, S. D., Hughes, L., Warmington, S., Burr, J., Scott, B. R., Owens, J.,. & Laurentino, G. (2019). Blood flow restriction exercise: considerations of methodology, application, and safety. Frontiers in Physiology, 10, 533. https://www.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00533
  17. Rolnick, N., Kimbrell, K., Cerqueira, M. S., Weatherford, B., & Brandner, C. (2021). Perceived barriers to blood flow restriction training. Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences, 2, 697082. doi: 10.3389/fresc.2021.697082.
  18. Sanchez, F. F., Araújo da Silva, C. D., de Souza Pereira Gama Maciel, M. C., Rebouças Demósthenes Marques, J., Brosina de Leon, E., & Lins Gonçalves, R. (2018). Predictive equations for respiratory muscle strength by anthropometric variables. The Clinical Respiratory Journal, 12(7), 2292-2299. https://www.doi.org/10.1111/crj.12908
  19. Stanojevic, S., Kaminsky, D. A., Miller, M. R., Thompson, B., Aliverti, A., Barjaktarevic, I.,. & Hall, G. L. (2022). ERS/ATS technical standard on interpretive strategies for routine lung function tests. European Respiratory Journal, 60(1), 2101499. https://www.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01499-2021
  20. Stanwicks, A. J., Pang, P. C., Allgood, H. C., Kim, Y., & Wu, Y.-N. (2025). The Short-Term Effects of an Exercise Protocol Incorporating Blood Flow Restriction and Body Cooling in Healthy Young Adults. Methods and Protocols, 8(6), 135. https://www.doi.org/10.3390/mps8060135
  21. Yang, K., Chee, C. S., bin Abdul Kahar, J., Kamalden, T. F. T., Li, R., & Qian, S. (2024) Effects of Blood Flow Restriction Training on Cardiopulmonary Function and Body Composition: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Journal of Human Kinetics, (in press) 14(1), 16615. https://www.doi.org/10.5114/jhk/204824
  22. Yasuda, T., Fujita, S., Ogasawara, R., Sato, Y., & Abe, T. (2010). Effects of low‐intensity bench press training with restricted arm muscle blood flow on chest muscle hypertrophy: a pilot study. Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging, 30(5), 338-343. https://www.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-097X.2010.00949.x
  23. Kohlbrenner, D., Kuhn, M., Manettas, A., Aregger, C., Peterer, M., Greco, N.,. & Clarenbach, C. (2024). Low-load blood flow restriction strength training in patients with COPD: a randomised single-blind pilot study. Thorax, 79(4), 340-348. https://www.doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2023-220546
  24. Kuhn, M., Clarenbach, C. F., Kläy, A., Kohler, M., Mayer, L. C., Lüchinger, M.,. & Sievi, N. A. (2024). Exploring immediate cardiorespiratory responses: low-intensity blood flow restricted cycling vs. moderate-intensity traditional exercise in a randomized crossover trial. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 16(1), 172. https://www.doi.org/10.1186/s13102-024-00951-0
  25. Patterson, S. D., Hughes, L., Warmington, S., Burr, J., Scott, B. R., Owens, J.,. & Laurentino, G. (2019). Blood flow restriction exercise: considerations of methodology, application, and safety. Frontiers in Physiology, 10, 533. https://www.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00533
  26. Stanojevic, S., Kaminsky, D. A., Miller, M. R., Thompson, B., Aliverti, A., Barjaktarevic, I.,. & Hall, G. L. (2022). ERS/ATS technical standard on interpretive strategies for routine lung function tests. European Respiratory Journal, 60(1), 2101499. https://www.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01499-2021