STRATIFICATION OF THE LANGUAGE IN KİLİS DIALECT

Abstract

In most of Anatolian dialects which included in West Oghuz groups, it is known that, basically Oghuz clans, especially groups, like Avşar, Bayat, Kınık, Salur, Bayındır, are effective. When dialects in Kilis are examined by dealing with the history of the region, it seems that both of the Oghuz Clans and except Oghuz Clans, also Kipchak Clans are effective. Among the Oghuz Clans that effective in existence of Kilis Dialects, there are Avşar, Bayat, Bozcalu, Beydili, Harbedelü, İnallı, İzzeddinli, Alayuntlu, Yüreğir and Bayındır clans. Since the longlasting effectiveness of Mamelukes, in the region that including the Kilis and called as Biladü’ş-Şam, Kipchak Turkish also impressed. Also, Kilis Dialect shows a dialect feature that we can accept as the one of the last orbit of Eastern Oghuzs, which is connected with İran, İraq, Syria dialects which included in Eastern Oghuz in Western Turkish, on West Oghuzs. Four effective layers has been determined in this region. The Oghuz clans settled in this region constitutes the main layer. The second layer is the sporadic elements of Kipchak Turkish elements, and the elements of İran, İrak, Syria and Azerbaijan Turkish accepted in the Eastern Oghuz Turkish which is in the Western Turkish. Third layer points out the effect of standart Turkish, and the fourth layer shows effect of neighbor languages, especially Arabic, on Kilis dialect Anatolian lands which were immigrated by Oghuz tribe to a high degree between the eleventh and fourteenth centuries, have become one of the most important areas in which Western Turkish is spoken in these dates. This migration was certainly not restricted only with this Oghuz tribe, other Turkic tribes immigrated into Anatolia partly. The migrations which began in eighth century actually from middle east to the west increasingly went on in the fortcoming years, beside to Oghuz tribe, Kipchak and Karluk tribes were included in the migrations too (Sümer 1992: 49, Korkmaz 2013: 75, 87). Thus, some of Kipchak Turkish language characteristics that were observed in Anatolian dialects manifest that there are signs of Kipchak language elements here (Korkmaz 1995: 179). Syria migration movement which began with the Navekkiyye Turkmens in the eleventh century increased over time, along with Oghuz tribe whom they were escaping from Mongols in the thirteenth century. It is also known that Kipchak tribe immigrated into Iraq, Syria and Egypt territories from the South of the Caspian sea between the dates of twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Turkish was set to be an independent written language based upon Oghuz language in consequence of these intense migrations and in consequence of some Turkmen tribes’ establishing seigniories after they declared their independence when Seljuk Empire, which was dominated by Mogolempire, was splitted part. Besides, the Mamluk sultanate which was founded by Kipchak Turkish was also an important factor in this area that enabled Turkish language to be powerful in the face of Arabic and Persian languages. The Mamluk sultanate as it is known was a Turkish state founded by the time Kipchak slaves who served for military at the time of Ayyubid dynasty seized the sovereignty as they got more powerful over time. It affected also Turkmens especially in the north of Syria, at the region Damascus extending from Gaza to Diyarbakır (Kopraman 1989: IX). In the region Oghuz and Kipchak language elements were mingled with the influence of Kipchak tribe at the territory of North Syria which was a part of Kilis and the language in the region merged with the elements of Kipchak and Oghuz Turkic language during the historical process with the various ethnic and social developments. This merge has certainly changed in favor of Oghuz language in the following eras, in the regional dialects Kipchak language elements faded gradually and Oghuz language elements increased. In the nineteenth century, among Turkmen tribes that lived around Kilis, there were lots of tribes named as Bozcalu, Beydili, Bayat, Avşar, Harbendelü, İnallı, İzzeddinli, Alayuntlu, Yüreğir, Bayındır, ÇepnivePeçenekler (Sümer 1992: 163-259). When the settlements of tribes were taken into consideration, it would be fair enough to say that prevalently Oghuz Turkic language, and partly Kipchak Turkic language have influence over Kilis and its dialects. In her essay that was written regarding the tribes that were influential on Anatolian Turkic language establishment, ZeynepKorkmaz (1995: 179-187), asserted that especiallyAvşar, Bayat, Kınık, Salur, Bayındır, Çepnitribes had influence on the establishment of Anatolian dialects, and she classified these tribes according to the characteristics of dialects. In this very essay, it is attempted to determine the tribe dialects that are influential on Kilis dialects considering the fact of ZeynepKorkmaz’ssocalled essay. 1.Main Stage: The city of Kilis generally has a characteristic of Oghuz Turkish. It reflects the western characteristics of western Turkish. When the structure of Kilis history is taken into account, it is possible to say that in this region Avşar dialect is in the first degree. FarukSümer (1991: 161), states that Turkmens immigrated from Anatolia to the north of Syria because of the Mongols’s domination, that these Turkmens who were living in Aleppo, Antep and Antakya districts consisted of Avşar tribe of Bozok branch, that the tribe which involves Köpekoğlu family circle in Avşar tribe settled in Antep and its surroundings. FarukDemirtaş (1949: 348) reports that ImanluAvşar tribe from Avşar tribes which are in the seigniory of Dulkadiroğulları is the branch of that Avşar tribe which settled in summer and winter quarters and then scattered after they were branched into small tribes since the sixteenth century settled in Gaziantep and its villages. This historical information is advocated so that the characteristics of dialects of the region exactly compromise with the Avşar dialect. The point to be e

Özet

Batı Türkçesinin Batı Oğuzca grubuna dâhil bulunan Anadolu ağızlarının pek çoğunda, temelde Oğuz boylarının, özellikle de Avşar, Bayat, Kınık, Salur, Bayındır gibi boyların etkili olduğu bilinmektedir. Kilis ili ağızları, yörenin tarihi ile birlikte ele alınıp incelendiğinde bu yörede hem farklı Oğuz boylarının etkin olduğu, hem de Oğuz boyları dışında Kıpçak boylarının da varlığı görülür. Kilis ili ağızlarının oluşumunda etkili olan Oğuz boyları içinde özellikle Avşar, Bayat, Bozcalu, Beydili, Harbendelü, İnallı, İzzeddinli, Alayuntlu, Yüreğir, Bayındır boyları vardır. Kilis'i de içine alan ve Biladü'ş-Şam olarak adlandırılan bölgenin tamamında uzun süre Memlûk Devletinin etkin olmasından dolayı Kıpçak Türkçesi de izler bırakmıştır. Ayrıca Kilis ağzı, Batı Türkçesi içinde Doğu Oğuzcaya dâhil edilen İran, Irak, Suriye ağızlarıyla birleşen, Doğu Oğuzcasının Batı Oğuzcası üzerindeki son etki alanlarından biri olarak kabul edebileceğimiz bir ağız özelliği göstermektedir. Yöre ağzında etkin dört katman tespit edilmiştir. Ana katmanı yörede yerleşmiş Oğuz boylarının ağızları oluşturur. İkincil katman yöre ağzında sporadik olarak karşımıza çıkan Kıpçak Türkçesi unsurları ve Batı Türkçesinin Doğu Oğuz grubu içinde yer alan İran, Irak, Suriye ve Azerbaycan Türkçesi unsurlarıdır. Üçüncül katman standart Türkçenin ağız üzerindeki etkisini, dördüncül katman ise komşu dillerin, özellikle de Arapçanın Kilis ili ağızlarındaki etkisini gösterir