RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOCATION AND PSYCHOLOGY IN KEÇECİ-ZÂDE İZZET MOLLA’S MİHNET-İ KEŞÂN

KEÇECİ-ZÂDE İZZET MOLLA’NIN MİHNET-İ KEŞÂN’INDA MEKÂN VE PSİKOLOJİ İLİŞKİSİ

Abstract

Mihnet-i Keşân is a masnavi with 4182 couplets, which Keçecizâde İzzet Molla has written in 1823-1824 (1238-1239 h.). In this masnavi includes about, his going into banishment to Keşan, staying a year in there and his receiving pardon by Sultan II. Mahmud and his returning to İstanbul. When İzzet Molla has gone İstanbul to Keşan, he has taken a departure Küçük Çekmece, Harami Deresi, Büyük Çekmece, Bigados, Silivri, Türkmenli, Rodoscuk (Tekirdağ), İnecik, Kalivra. His return voyage has started in Master Süleyman Zâtî’s dervish lodge, where is in Edirne. And he has taken a departure Havsa, Babaeski, Lüleburgaz, Çorlu, Silivri, Büyük Çekmece, Küçük Çekmece. Finally in his return voyage, he has gone to Yenikapı and he has come back to İstanbul. İzzet Molla has given informations in Mihnet-i Keşân, about towns, which he has continuanced in locations between İstanbul-Keşan itinerary. And he has given informations in his work about Keşan. In his work includes informations and his observations about town’s, which are in itinerary, and Keşan’s, where poet has stayed there a year, socioeconomic status and local resident’s lifestyle. İzzet Molla has descripted locations, which he has continuanced in his voyage between İstanbul-Keşan. He has descripted carefully about Keşan and Keşan’s suburban areas. In his Masnavi, the poet has also reflected the psychological state of his own and the people standing in mentioned place as well as the descriptions of locations. İzzet Molla has mainly descripted the locations on road while going from İstanbul to Keşan and Keşan with the different emotions such as sarcasm, hopeless, aspiration and anxiety. But there are also a few locations which are arousing positive feelings for the poet in these locations. With forgiven by Sultan Mahmud II, the poet turning back from Keşan to Istanbul has descripted the locations on road with positive feelings. In this work, locations in Mihnet-i Keşân, will be depend on caused him to perceived some feelings. And locations will be review to his itinerary between İstanbul-Keşan Mihnet-i Keşân is a masnavi, which Keçeci-zâde İzzet Molla has written in 1823-1824 (1238-1239 h.). Masnavi has 4182 couplets and it has been written with meters “Fe’ûlün/ Fe’ûlün/ Fe’ûlün/ Fe’ûl” of aruz. Chronologically, the masnavi has begun from the processes of experienced events that the led to the exile to Keşan of poet. İzzet Molla wrote a poem to put the commissional of palace into passion, after his patronizer Hâlet Efendi was killed in 1822. After, he temporarily went to İstavroz for move away from his time’s restless political atmosphere. As soon as he returned to İstanbul; he took the news about he would be exile to Keşan The first stop of İzzet Molla’s exile voyage from İstanbul to Keşan is Topkapı. And then, İzzet Molla has gone from İstanbul to Keşan, by moving to Küçük Çekmece, Harami Deresi, Büyük Çekmece, Bigados, Silivri, Türkmenli, Rodoscuk (Tekirdağ), İnecik, Kalivra. İzzet Molla has stayed a year in Keşan. Mihnet-i Keşân includes about, events which İzzet Molla lived in a year in Keşan, his trips to Keşan and its suburban areas, his longing of his family, his friends and İstanbul. Also in Mihnet-i Keşân includes about, poet’s dreams and difficulties in his past with flashbacks. In 1824, İzzet Molla has forgiven by Sultan Mahmud II and his has returned to İstanbul. His returning voyage has started in Master Süleyman Zâtî’s dervish lodge, where is in Edirne. He has chosen the departure, which he was taken in his voyage from İstanbul to Keşan. And he has taken a departure Havsa, Babaeski, Lüleburgaz, Çorlu, Silivri, Büyük Çekmece, Küçük Çekmece. Finally in his return voyage, he has arrived to İstanbul from Yenikapı. In Mihnet-i Keşân includes İzzet Molla’s observations about town’s, which are in his departure Küçükçekmece, Harami Deresi, Büyükçekmece, Bigados, Silivri, Türkmenli, Rodoscuk (Tekirdağ), İnecik, Kalivra and Keşan. Poet has given a lot of informations about the town’s socioeconomic status and local resident’s lifestyle in there. Also he has descripted specifically about Keşan and it’s suburban areas, his passing stops out and home voyage. İzzet Molla has mainly descripted the locations on road and Keşan with the different emotions such as sarcasm, hopeless, aspiration and anxiety. But there are also a few locations which are arousing positive feelings for the poet in these locations. In his masnavi, the poet has also reflected the psychological state of his own and the people standing in mentioned place as well as the descriptions of the locations. Subject matter of our work is İzzet Molla’s emotional state’s influence on descriptions of locations, where he has been in there of emotion state of him. The person and the location have been a dual relationship. It may be ruinous or helpful effect of locations on people in there. People can also charge some specifities to locations. Thus in our work, the locations in the Mihnet-i Keşan would be evaluated according to the emotions evoked by poetry and investigate in in accordance with his route followed by İstanbul-Keşan journey. The locations in masnavi has splited into two as positive and negative according to his feelings. The locations, which perceived negative feelings in Mihnet-i Keşân; has been reviewed in titles, such as sarcasm, hopeless, aspiration and anxiety. The inn, where he stayed for a night in Türkmenli; the house and neighborhood, where he lived in a year in Keşan; perceived sarcastic feelings in İzzet Molla and then have been descripted by İzzet Molla with this wording. Especially, description of the inn has been styled with sarcastic and pessimistic, and being thought that the most poorest people’s house in İstanbul to be like a palace being compared to the inn. The inn, where poet stayed in Türkmenli and the house, where lived in has descripted with hopelessness feelings and destructive effects of being a banish. The dialogue, which İzzet Molla and the owner of

Özet

Mihnet-i Keşân, Keçeci-zâde İzzet Molla'nın yılları arasında kaleme aldığı 4182 beyitlik bir mesnevidir. Eserde, şairin Keşan'a sürgün edilmesine sebep olan olayların yaşandığı süreç, İstanbul'dan Keşan'a yaptığı sürgün yolculuğu, Keşan'da kaldığı bir sene, Sultan II. Mahmud tarafından affedilmesi ve İstanbul'a dönüş yolculuğu anlatılmaktadır. İzzet Molla İstanbul'dan Keşan'a, Küçükçekmece, Harami Deresi, Büyükçekmece, Bigados, Silivri, Türkmenli, Rodoscuk (Tekirdağ), İnecik, Kalivra istikametinde ilerleyerek gitmiştir. Dönüşte ise İzzet Molla, Edirne'deki Süleyman Zâtî Efendi'nin tekkesinden yola çıkarak, Havsa, Babaeski, Lüleburgaz, Çorlu, Silivri, Büyükçekmece, Küçükçekmece istikametinde ilerlemiş ve Yenikapı üzerinden İstanbul'a varmıştır. Mihnet-i Keşân'da İzzet Molla'nın, İstanbul-Keşangüzergâhında bulunan kasabaların, bir yıl kaldığı Keşan'ın sosyo-ekonomik özellikleri ve bu bölgelerdeki yerel halkın yaşayış biçimleri üzerine verdiği çeşitli bilgiler; şairin bu bölgelere dair gözlemleri bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca şair, gidiş ve dönüş yolculuğunda geçtiği durakların, Keşan'ın ve yakın çevresinin ayrıntılı tasvirlerini yapmıştır. Şair mesnevisinde, mekân tasvirlerinin yanı sıra kendisinin ve sözü edilen mekânda bulunan şahısların psikolojik durumlarını da yansıtmıştır. İzzet Molla İstanbul'dan Keşan'a giderken geçtiği durakları ve Keşan'ı, ağırlıklı olarak alaycılık, umutsuzluk, özlem, korku gibi farklı duygularla tasvir etmiştir. Ancak bu duraklar arasında şairde olumlu duygular uyandıran mekânların sayısı oldukça azdır. Sultan II. Mahmud tarafından affedilerek Keşan'dan İstanbul'a dönen şair, bu yolculuğunda ise, geçtiği durakları olumlu duygularla tasvir etmiştir. Çalışmamızda Mihnet-i Keşân'daki mekânlar, şairde uyandırdığı duygulara göre değerlendirilecek ve İzzet Molla'nın İstanbul-Keşan yolculuğunda izlediği güzergâh doğrultusunda incelenecektir