AI Summary & Key Takeaways
AI InsightThe plant exhibits strong potential for treating local tissue damage in snake bites.
📌 3 Key Takeaways
Abstract
Background and Aims: Venom of Macrovipera lebetina obtusa (Viperidae), Turkey’s biggest viper, is highly toxic to humans and causes inflammation. In Anatolian traditional medicine, many Anthemis L. species are used in wound healing and against inflammatory diseases. In the present study, antioxidant, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities of different endemic A. tricolor Boiss. extracts were evaluated by in vitro assays. Besides, the anti-inflammatory activities of chloroform extract against carrageenan and snake venom induced-edema were investigated in rats. Methods: Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated by DCFH-DA, iNOS, NF-κB inhibitions and NAG-1 gene activation, while WST-1 assay was preferred for cytotoxic activity. Besides, the hind paw edema test was used for in vivo studies. Results: Chloroform extract exhibited the strongest NAG-1-inducing activity. In addition, this extract showed potent iNOS and NF-κB inhibition (IC50:14.0 and 10.75 µg/mL, respectively) and cytotoxic effect against human osteosarcoma (U2OS; IC50: 15.18 µg/mL) and human cervical cancer (HeLa; IC50: 18.3 µg/mL) cell lines. Moreover, chloroform extract had stronger anti-inflammatory effects against both carrageenan and snake venom induced-edema formation than indomethacin. Fifty and 100 mg/kg extracts reduced the paw edema to 1-3% at 4 h after the snake venom injection. On the other hand, 50, 25 and 12.5 mg/kg of the extract completely inhibited inflammation induced by carrageenan. Conclusion: This is the first report on the antioxidant, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory effects of endemic A. tricolor by in vitro studies and snake venom-induced paw edema in rats. The plant exhibits strong potential for treating local tissue damage in snake bites.