AI Summary & Key Takeaways
AI InsightThese subjects are supplied here to present the importance of the context which should be handled together with adequate engineers, in groups of mining, civil, geology, geophysics, environment, surveying, and other related engineers.
📌 3 Key Takeaways
Abstract
Underground spaces have been in use throughout human history and their usage is accelerating due to convenient transportation and living space excavations. Subterranean tunnels in urban areas have provided so much efficiency that crowded city governing bodies are gradually pushed to handle metro and other underground facilities in traffic jammed cities. Caves, historic tunnels and cities are not new phenomena and they have been in human usage since the very early times. However, designing and excavation of subterranean spaces including metro tunnels currently have come together with unexpected dilemmas related with land ownerships and structures stabilities in/on the earth crust. In addition to the context of foundation stabilities of surface structure which have been main concerns in rock/soil mechanics, extra concerns have recently been added including paradoxes in land/space ownership rights (legislative right/responsibility/taxation issues) and induced stress & displacement complexity which could only be handled by proper engineering designs/plans for urbanisation. Improper settlements without destruction of rock/soil masses in urban areas could be rehabilitated and redesigned according to revised city plans. However, this is not the case for underground spaces. Thus excavated subterranean spaces influence the stress & displacement and groundwater distribution surrounding themselves. Therefore, they must be designed according to mandatory city development plans. Additionally, underground spaces affect surface structures and vice-versa. These subjects are supplied here to present the importance of the context which should be handled together with adequate engineers, in groups of mining, civil, geology, geophysics, environment, surveying, and other related engineers.