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Journals / Veterinary Sciences and Practices / 2018 / Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3

Free Radicals, Reactive Oxygen Species and Relationship with Oxidative Stress

Florun Serbest Radikaller, Reaktif Oksijen Türleri ve Oksidatif Stres ile İlişkileri

Efe Kurtdede(Ankara Üniversitesi, Veteriner Fakültesi, Biyokimya Anabilim Dalı, Dışkapı, Ankara, Türkiye)
Mert Pekcan(Ankara Üniversitesi, Veteriner Fakültesi, Biyokimya Anabilim Dalı, Dışkapı, Ankara, Türkiye)
Hilal Karagül(Ankara Üniversitesi, Veteriner Fakültesi, Biyokimya Anabilim Dalı, Dışkapı, Ankara, Türkiye)
Pages
373–379
Publication Date
2018-12-25
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In this review, the effect of fluoride in the living organism is addressed at cellular level, and the effect of fluoride on free radicals, ROS and oxidative stress formation is discussed.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Fluorine is a highly reactive chemical element and a member of halogen family.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Fluorides entry into the organism and cells that increases the production of superoxide.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:In this review, the effect of fluoride in the living organism is addressed at cellular level, and the effect of fluoride on free radicals, ROS and oxidative stress formation is discussed.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Flor · Serbest Radikaller · ROS

Abstract

Fluorine is a highly reactive chemical element and a member of halogen family. Fluorides entry into the organism and cells that increases the production of superoxide. Superoxide generates hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite, and hydroxyl radicals, and plays a decisive role at the relationship between fluorine and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The increase in ROS causes oxidative damage in lipid, protein, and DNA molecules. As a result of contact with fluoride, an increase in gene expression levels encoding stress related response factors in the body, signal transduction compounds, and apoptosis related proteins occurs. Assessment of these effects at the cellular level of fluor is important in terms of suggesting a new solution to the problem of fluorosis in Turkey. Fluoride levels were determined in water, soil, plant and sheep urine, tooth, bone samples in the areas of Ağrı, Van, Muğla, Eskişehir, Kırşehir, Çorum, Ankara, Hatay in Turkey. Results were evaluated to find out fluor toxicosis. In this review, the effect of fluoride in the living organism is addressed at cellular level, and the effect of fluoride on free radicals, ROS and oxidative stress formation is discussed.

Özet

Flor halojen ailesinin bir üyesi olup elektronegatifliği yüksek bir elementtir. Florun organizmaya ve hücre içerisine girişiyle süper oksit üretimi artar. Bunun sonucunda ortaya çıkan hidrojen peroksit, peroksinitrit ve hidroksil radikalleri florun reaktif oksijen türleri (ROS) ile ilişkisinde belirleyici rol oynar. ROS’daki artış lipid, protein ve DNA moleküllerinde yıkımlanmaya sebep olur. Florid İle temas sonucunda vücutta stres cevabı faktörlerinde, sinyal transdüksiyon bileşiklerinde, ve apopitozisle ilişkili proteinleri kodlayan gen ekspresyon düzeylerinde artış ortaya çıkar. Florun hücresel düzeydeki bu etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi, Türkiye’de var olan florozis sorununa yeni çözüm önerilebilmesi açısından önem arz etmektedir. Ülkemizde, bugüne kadar yapılan çalışmalarda Muğla, Eskişehir, Kırşehir, Çorum, Ankara, Konya, Hatay, Van ve Ağrı illerinde su, toprak, bitki, koyun idrarı, diş ve kemik örneklerinde flor düzeyleri belirlenmiş ve flor zehirlenmesi hakkında değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Bu kapsamda flor'un canlı organizmadaki etkisine hücresel düzeyde değinilerek flor'un serbest radikaller, ROS ve oksidatif stres oluşumuna etkisi değerlendirilmiştir.

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Cite This Article

Kurtdede, E., Pekcan, M., Karagül, H. (2018). Free Radicals, Reactive Oxygen Species and Relationship with Oxidative Stress. Veterinary Sciences and Practices, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3, 373–379. https://doi.org/10.17094/ataunivbd.326899

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References (73)

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  38. Fidancı UR, Salmanoğlu B, Maraşlı Ş, Maraşlı N. İç Anadolu Bölgesinde doğal ve endüstriyel florozis ve bunun hayvan sağlığı üzerine etkileri. Tr J Of Veterinary and Animal Scences 1998
  39. Altıntaş A, Fidancı UR, Sel T, Duru Ö, Başsatan A. Doğal ve endüstriyel florozisli koyunlarda böbrek fonksiyonu ve serum protein elektroforezi. Ankara Üniv. Vet. Fak. Derg, 2000
  40. Işıklı B, Kalyoncu C, Metintaş S, Demir TA. Eskişehir yöresindeki içme sularında florür düzeyleri. Ekoloji Çevre dergisi 2000
  41. 9, 36: 28-30. 6. Erdoğan, S. Hatay bölgesi içme suyu örneklerinde flor düzeyleri. Vet Bil. Derg 2002
  42. Öksüz S. Pöhrenk (Kırşehir) sıcak su kaynaklarının hidrojeokimyasal incelemesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2006. 8. Barbier O, Arreolar-Mendoza L, Del Roza LM. Molecular mechanisms of fluoride toxicity. Chem-Biological Interactions 2010
  43. Sivanandham V. Free radicals in the health and diseaese–a mini review. Pharmacologyonline 2011
  44. Ercan N, Fidancı UR. Oksidatif DNA hasar ürünleri ve hastalıklar. Dicle Üniv. Vet. Fak. Derg 2012
  45. Kargın F, Fidancı UR. Böbrek hastalıklı köpeklerde antioksidatif metabolizma. Türk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 2001
  46. Pisoschi AM, Negulescu GP. Methods for Total Antioxidant Activity Determination: A Review. Biochem & Anal Biochem 2011
  47. Durackova Z, Some current insights into oxidative stress. Physiol. Res 2010
  48. 59 4: 459-469. 14. Chatterjee M, Saluja R, Kanneganti S, Chinta S, Dikshit M, Biochemical and molecular evaluation of neutrophil nos in spontaneously hypersensitive rats. Cell Mol. Biol 2007
  49. Frei B. ‘Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant vitamins Linus Pauling Institute. Oregon State University’. http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/f-w97/reactive.html. 22.05.2016 16. Genestra M. Oxyl radicals, redox-sensitive signalling cascades and antioxidants. Review. Cell Signal 2007
  50. Pacher P, Beckman JS, Liaudet L, Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite in health and disease. Physiol. Rev 2007
  51. Willcox JK, Ash SL, Catignani GL. Antioxidants and prevention of chronic disease. Review. Crit. Rev. Food. Sci. Nutr 2004
  52. Pham-Huy LA, He H, Pham-Huy CP. Free radicals, antioxidants in disease and health. International Journal of Biomedical Science 2008
  53. 4, 2: 89-96. 20. Izquierdo-Vega JA, Sánchez-Gutiérrez M, Del Razo LM. Decreased in vitro fertility in male rats exposed to fluoride-induced oxidative stress damage and mitochondrial transmembrane potential loss. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol 2008
  54. Hassan HA, Yousef MI, Mitigating effects of antioxidant properties of black berry juice on sodium fluoride induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stressinrats, Foodand Chemical Toxicology 2009
  55. 47, 9: 2332-2337. 22. Liu G, Chai C, Cui L, Fluoride causing abnormally elevated serum nitric oxide levels in chicks. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2003
  56. Mittal M, Flora SJ, Effects of individual and combined exposure to sodium arsenite and sodium fluoride on tissue oxidative stress, Arsenic and fluoride levels in male mice. Chem. Biol. Interact 2006
  57. He LF, Chen JG. DNA damage, apoptosis and cell cycle changes induced by fluoride in rat oral mucosal cells and hepatocytes. World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006
  58. 12, 7: 1144-1148. 25. Chouhan S, Flora JS, Effects of fluoride on the tissue oxidative stress and apoptosis in rats: biochemical assays supported by IR spectroscopy data. Toxicology 2008
  59. 254 1-2: 61-67. 26. Chouhan S, Lomash V, Flora JS. Fluorideinduced changes in haem biosynthesis pathway, neurological variables and tissue histopathology of rats, Journal of Applied Toxicology 2010
  60. Kısmalı G, Sel T, Paraquat ile oluşturulmuş oksidatif stresin hepg2 hücrelerinde apoptozis üzerine etkisinin araştırılıması. F. Ü. Sağ. Bil. Derg 2012
  61. 26, 2: 79-85. 28. Sun Z, Niu R, Wang B, Jiao Z, Wang J, Zhang J, Wang S, Wang J. Fluoride-induced apoptosis and gene expression profiling in mice sperm in vivo. Archives of Toxicology 2011
  62. Vani ML, Reddy KP. Effects of fluoride accumulation on some enzymes of brain and gastrocnemius muscle of mice. Fluoride 2000
  63. 33, 1: 17-26. 30. Garcia-Montalvo EA, Reyes-Perez H, Del Razo LM, Fluoride exposure impairs glucose tolerance via decreased insulin expression and oxidative stress. Toxicology 2009
  64. Nobes CD, Hall A. Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 GTPases regulate the assembly of multimolecular focal complexes associated with actin stress fibers, lamellipodia, and filopodia. Cell 1995
  65. Shivarajashankara YM, Shivashankara AR, Gopalakrishna BP, Rao SH, Oxidative stress in children with endemic skeletal fluorosis. Fluoride 2001
  66. Karube H, Nishitai G, Inageda K, Kurosu H, Matsuoka M, NaF activates MAPKs and induces apoptosis in odontoblast-like cells. J Dent Res 009
  67. Paul A, Wilson S, Belham CM, Robinson CJM, Scott PH, Gould G W, Plevin R. Stress-activated protein kinases: activation, regulation and function. Cell Signal 1997
  68. Ridley W, Matsuoka M. Fluoride-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostagland in E2 production in A549 human pulmonary epithelial cells. Toxicol. Lett 2009
  69. Chlubek D, 2003: Fluoride and oxidative stress. Fluoride, 36, 217-28. 37. Agalakova NI, Gusev GP. Molecular mechanisms of cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by inorganic fluoride. Cell Biology 2012
  70. Shanthakumari D, Srinivasalu S, Subramanian S. Effect of fluoride intoxication on lipidperoxidation and antioxidant status in experimental rats. Toxicology, 2004
  71. Sinha M, Manna P, Sil P. A 43kD protein from the herb, Cajanus indicus L., protects against fluoride induced oxidative stress in mice erythrocytes. Pathophysiology 2007
  72. 1, 47-54. 40. Gosh J, Das J, Manna P, Sil PC. Cytoprotective effect of arjunolic acid in response to sodium fluoride mediated oxidative stress and cell death via necrotic pathway. Toxicol In Vitro 2008
  73. Xu H, Wang CH, Zhao ZT, Zhang WB, Li GS. Role of oxidative stress in osteoblasts exposed to sodium fluoride. Biological Referans1 Sel, T., Ergun, H. Doğu Anadolu’da florozis belirtisi gösteren koyunlarda serum spesifik karaciğer enzimleri ve ALP düzeyi.A.Ü. Vet. Fak. Derg. Col. 39 (1-2) 30-40. 1992 Referans2 Balkan Burcu Menekşe, Kısmalı Görkem, Alpay Merve, Sayıner Serkan, Turan Deniz, Balkan Ali Burak, Salmanoğlu Berrin, Karagül Şeküre Hilal, Sel Tevhide. The effects of vitamin E on antioxidant enzyme activity in HepG2 cells. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 22(6) (Yayın No: 3267028) 2016 Referans3 H. Karagül, H.P. Sallmann, U.R. Fidancı, T. Sel, S. Çelik, R. Vural, A. Önal, N.Ünal. The effect of vit E and Selenium deficiency on the roproductive hormones and antioxidative systems in Akkaraman sheep. deutsch-Türkische Agrarforschung. Redaktion. U. Planck verlag ulrich. E. Grauer. Stuttgart, 383-388, 2000.