Journals / Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences / 2018 / Cilt: 8 - Sayı: 3

CRISPR/Cas9 Age in Genome Editing and Leukemia Applications

Genom Düzenlemede CRISPR/Cas9 Çağı ve Lösemideki Uygulamaları

Pages
232–248
Publication Date
2018-12-01
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Also In this review, the evaluation of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in terms of ethics will be included.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:The CRISPR/Cas9 ( clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated nuclease-9) system which adapted from the prokaryotic immune system, is the latest RNA/protein complex to be included among genomic engineering tools.
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Key Findings & Data:CRISPR/Cas9 technology catalyzes the formation of double-strand breaks in DNA, according to the Watson-Crick base pairing in a interested region of the genome, via endonuclease Cas9 and guide RNA (sgRNA).
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Conclusion & Impact:Also In this review, the evaluation of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in terms of ethics will be included.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:CRISPR/Cas9 · genom düzenleme teknolojisi · lösemi

Abstract

The CRISPR/Cas9 ( clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated nuclease-9) system which adapted from the prokaryotic immune system, is the latest RNA/protein complex to be included among genomic engineering tools. CRISPR/Cas9 technology catalyzes the formation of double-strand breaks in DNA, according to the Watson-Crick base pairing in a interested region of the genome, via endonuclease Cas9 and guide RNA (sgRNA). Genomic regulation is performed by repairing these fractures using (Homologous Recombination or HDR: Homology-Directed Repair) and (NHEJ: Non-Homologous End-Joining) DNA repair mechanisms. CRISPR/Cas9 technology is used on a wide range of platforms, starting from identification of bacterial strains, identification of gene and miRNA functions, genomic DNA fragment insertion/deletion, gene silencing, transcriptional and epigenetic targeting to creation of disease models. Leukemia, a malignancy characterized by leukocytosis in the blood/bone marrow, is caused by chromosomal rearrangements or mutations. Nowadays, genomic engineering is gaining an accelerating importance in order to elucidate the pathogenesis and molecular biology of leukemia; thus to provide more effective and personalised treatment opportunities in the future. The widely used CRISPR/Cas9 genome design technologyrepresent a new functional object for treatment of leukemia an the begining of a therapeutic new era by being applied in areas such as creation of disease models, gene insertion and silencing, epigenetic regulation. In this review, CRISPR/Cas9 technology; locus components, subtypes, stages of development of the adaptive immune response, Cas9 specificity and therapeutic gains obtained via using this technology in various types of leukemia will be discused. Also In this review, the evaluation of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in terms of ethics will be included.

Özet

Prokaryotik canlıların immün sistemden adapte edilmiş olan CRISPR/Cas9 (Düzenli aralıklarla bölünmüş kısa palindromik tekrar kümeleri/CRISPR ilişkili nukleaz 9) sistemi genom mühendisliği araçlarının arasına en son eklenen RNA/protein kompleksidir. CRISPR/Cas9 teknolojisi, endonukleaz Cas9 ve kılavuz RNA (sgRNA) aracılığı ile genomun istenen bir bölgesinde çift zincir kırıklarının oluşumunu katalizler. Bu kırıkların (HR: Homolog Rekombinasyon [Homologous Recombination ya da HDR: Homology-Directed Repair]) ve (NHEJ: Non-Homolog Uç Birleşmesi [Non-Homologous End-Joining]) DNA tamir mekanizmaları kullanılarak, genom düzenlemesi gerçekleştirilmektedir. CRISPR/Cas9 teknolojisi; bakteri suşlarının tanımlanması, gen ve miRNA fonksiyonlarının belirlenmesi, genoma DNA fragmenti eklenmesi/çıkartılması, gen susturma, transkripsiyonel ve epigenetik hedefleme ya da hastalık modellerinin oluşturulması gibi çok geniş bir platformda kullanılmaktadır. Kan/Kemik iliği hastalıklarında lökositoz ile karakterize olan malignite gösteren lösemiler, kromozomal yeniden düzenlemeler ya da mutasyonlar sonucunda gelişmektedir. Günümüzde löseminin moleküler biyolojisi ile patogenezinin anlaşılması, gelecekte çok daha etkin ve kişiye özgül tedavi imkanları sağlayacağından; genom mühendisliği bu noktada önem kazanmaktadır. Çok geniş kullanım alanına sahip olan CRISPR/Cas9 genom tasarımı teknolojisi, hastalık modellerinin oluşturulması, gen ekleme ve susturulması, epigenetik regülasyon gibi alanlarda kullanılarak, lösemi tedavisinde yeni bir fonksiyonel hedef ve tedavi çağı başlangıcı olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu derlemede, CRISPR/Cas9 teknolojisinin; tarihçesi, lokus birleşenleri, alt tipleri, adaptif bağışıklık yanıtının oluşum aşamaları, Cas9 özgüllüğü ile bu teknolojinin çeşitli lösemi tiplerinde kullanımıyla elde edilen tedavi kazanımlar ele alınacaktır. Ayrıca bu derlemede CRISPR/Cas9 teknolojisinin, etik açısından değerlendirmelerine de yer verilecektir.

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Cite This Article

Gümüş, N., Kaymaz, B. T. (2018). CRISPR/Cas9 Age in Genome Editing and Leukemia Applications. Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences, Cilt: 8 - Sayı: 3, 232–248. https://ajindex.com/articles/892098

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