Journals / Spor Bilimleri Dergisi / 2023 / Cilt: 34 - Sayı: 1

Investigation of Internal and External Load Responses of Football Referees During the Match

Futbol Hakemlerinin Müsabaka Sırasındaki İç ve Dış Yük Yanıtlarının İncelenmesi

Pages
23–31
Publication Date
2023-04-11
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Internal load analysis results showed that %HRmean, %HRpeak and HR%85-95 values in the 1st half were higher than the 2nd half, on the other hand, HR%65-75 in the 2nd half was higher than the 1st half (p<0.05).

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:TThe aim of this study was to determine the internal and external load responses of football referees during the match.
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Key Findings & Data:Seven amateur referees (Age: 24.44±2.35 years; Height: 181.31±4.79 cm; Body Weight: 74.97±4.63 kg; Experience: 3.86±0.37 years) participated in this study and sixty-two matches from five different categories were evaluated.
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Conclusion & Impact:Internal load analysis results showed that %HRmean, %HRpeak and HR%85-95 values in the 1st half were higher than the 2nd half, on the other hand, HR%65-75 in the 2nd half was higher than the 1st half (p<0.05).
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Futbol hakemleri · maç analizi · fizyolojik yanıtlar

Abstract

TThe aim of this study was to determine the internal and external load responses of football referees during the match. Seven amateur referees (Age: 24.44±2.35 years; Height: 181.31±4.79 cm; Body Weight: 74.97±4.63 kg; Experience: 3.86±0.37 years) participated in this study and sixty-two matches from five different categories were evaluated. Internal and external load data were monitored using heart rate (HR) monitors with a global positioning system (GPS) for the referees during the match. For internal load evaluation, HR data in 5 relative categories (HR<%65, HR%65-75, HR%75-85, HR%85-95, HR>95), peak HR (%HRpeak), and mean HR (%HRmean) during the matches were used. The external load data were determined as total distance (TD), average speed (Speedaverage), maximal speed (Speedmax) and 5 different speed categories (Speed≤3,6, Speedu3,6-7,2, Speed7,2-13,0, Speed13,0-18,0, Speed ≥18,0) during the matches. Referees' internal and external load data were analyzed according to 6 periods, 1st and 2nd halves. The paired sample t-test was used for the differences between the halves, and Analysis of Variance with Repeated Measures (ANOVA) was used to determine differences between periods. Internal load analysis results showed that %HRmean, %HRpeak and HR%85-95 values in the 1st half were higher than the 2nd half, on the other hand, HR%65-75 in the 2nd half was higher than the 1st half (p<0.05). When the external load data were evaluated, the 1st half TD, Speedaverage, Speed7,2-13,0 values were higher than the 2nd half, and it was determined that the Speed≤3,6 2nd half values were higher than the 1st half (p<0.05). When the general evaluation is made according to the match periods, it was determined that the external load in the 1st period and the internal load in the 3rd period showed clear differences compared to the other periods. In conclusion, this study showed that referees are exposed to high internal and external loads like football players and in addition, these loads differ according to periods and halves of the match.

Özet

Bu çalışma futbol hakemlerinin müsabaka sırasındaki iç ve dış yük yanıtlarının incelenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmaya 7 bölgesel il (Yaş: 24,44±2,35 yıl; Boy Uzunluğu: 181,31±4,79 cm; Vücut Ağırlığı: 74,97±4,63 kg; Hakem Yaşı: 3,86±0,37 yıl) hakemi katılmış ve 5 ayrı kategoriden 62 müsabaka değerlendirilmiştir. Hakemlere müsabakalar sırasında küresel konumlandırma sistemi (GPS)’ne sahip kalp atım hızı (KAH) monitörü takılarak iç ve dış yük verileri takip edilmiştir. İç yük değerlendirmesinde müsabakalar sırasındaki zirve KAH (%KAHzirve), ortalama KAH (%KAHort) ve 5 farklı relatif kategoride (KAH<%65,KAH%65-75,KAH%75-85,KAH%85-95,KAH>95) geçirdikleri süre dakika olarak kaydedilmiştir. Müsabaka sırasındaki dış yük verileri, toplam koşu mesafesi (Koşutoplam), ortalama koşu hızı (Koşuort), maksimal koşu hızı (Koşumaks) ve 5 farklı hız kategorisinde(Koşu≤3,6, Koşu3,6-7,2, Koşu7,2-13,0, Koşu13,0-18,0, Koşu≥18,0) kat ettikleri mesafe metre cinsinden değerlendirilmiştir. Hakemlere ait iç ve dış yük verileri 6 eşit periyot (0-15dk,15-30dk,30-45dk,45-60dk,60-75dk,75-90dk), 1. ve 2. yarılara göre analiz edilmiştir. Yarılar arasındaki farklılıkların değerlendirilmesinde bağımlı gruplarda t-testi, periyotlar arasındaki farklar için Tekrarlı Ölçümlerde Varyans Analizi (ANOVA) kullanılmıştır. İç yük analiz sonuçları 1. yarı %KAHort, %KAHzirve ve KAH%85-95 değerlerinin 2. yarıdan yüksek, KAH%65-75 2. yarı değerlerinin ise 1. yarıdan yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir (p<0,05). Dış yük verileri değerlendirildiğinde 1. yarı Koşutoplam, Koşuort, ve Koşu7,2-13,0 değerleri 2. yarıdan, Koşu≤3,6 2. yarı verileri ise 1. yarıdan yüksektir (p<0,05). Müsabaka periyotlarına göre genel bir değerlendirme yapıldığında 1. periyottaki dış yük ile 3. periyottaki iç yük verilerinin diğer periyotlara göre açık farklılıklar gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak bu çalışma müsabaka sırasında hakemlerin de futbolcular gibi yüksek iç ve dış yüklenmelere maruz kaldıklarını ve bu yüklenmelerin müsabakanın farklı periyot ve yarılarına göre farklılaştığını göstermiştir.

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Cite This Article

KÖSE, M. G., OTUZBİROĞLU, B., İŞLER, A. K. (2023). Investigation of Internal and External Load Responses of Football Referees During the Match. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 34 - Sayı: 1, 23–31. https://ajindex.com/articles/888545

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