Journals / Türk Nöroloji Dergisi / 2019 / Cilt: 25 - Sayı: 1

Isolated Third, Fourth, and Sixth Cranial Nerve Palsies in the Turkish Population: Etiologic Factors and Clinical Course

Türk Popülasyonunda İzole Üçüncü, Dördüncü ve Altıncı Sinir Felçleri: Etiyolojik Faktörler ve Klinik Seyir

Pages
32–35
Publication Date
2022-11-03
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The mean recovery time was similar for all cranial nerve palsies.Conclusion: Although, the most common etiology of third, fourth, and sixth nerve palsies is vasculopathy, neuroimaging studies are crucial to exclude potentiallytreatable and dangerous conditions.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Objective: To determine the etiologic factors and clinical profile of isolated third, fourth, and sixth nerve palsies in neuro-ophthalmology outpatient clinics oftwo different reference centers.Materials and Methods: Retrospective evaluation of medical records from the institutional database.Results: A total of 127 (78 male, 49 female) patients were analyzed.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Forty-five (35.4%) patients had isolated third nerve palsy, 34 (26.8%) had isolated fourthnerve palsy, and 48 (37.8%) patients had isolated sixth nerve palsy.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:The mean recovery time was similar for all cranial nerve palsies.Conclusion: Although, the most common etiology of third, fourth, and sixth nerve palsies is vasculopathy, neuroimaging studies are crucial to exclude potentiallytreatable and dangerous conditions.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Objective: To determine the etiologic factors and clinical profile of isolated third, fourth, and sixth nerve palsies in neuro-ophthalmology outpatient clinics oftwo different reference centers.Materials and Methods: Retrospective evaluation of medical records from the institutional database.Results: A total of 127 (78 male, 49 female) patients were analyzed. Forty-five (35.4%) patients had isolated third nerve palsy, 34 (26.8%) had isolated fourthnerve palsy, and 48 (37.8%) patients had isolated sixth nerve palsy. The mean ages were similar; 58.87±13.6, 56.32±16.1, and 54.9±14.4 years, respectively(p=0.4). Diplopia was the main symptom seen in all patients. Twenty-one patients had anisocoria (20 third, 1 fourth). Among patients with anisocoria, 3 patientshad final diagnoses of vasculopathy, the rest were diagnosed as having acquired non travmatic palsy with different etiologies such as aneurysm, Tolosa-Huntsyndrome, and carotico-cavernous fistula. The most common etiology for all groups was vasculopathy. Three patients with isolated oculomotor nerve palsy werediagnosed as having Tolosa-Hunt sydnrome despite pupillary sparing. The mean recovery time was similar for all cranial nerve palsies.Conclusion: Although, the most common etiology of third, fourth, and sixth nerve palsies is vasculopathy, neuroimaging studies are crucial to exclude potentiallytreatable and dangerous conditions.

Özet

Amaç: İki farklı referans merkezin nöro-oftalmoloji polikliniklerinde izlenen, izole üçüncü, dördüncü ve altıncı kraniyal sinir felçlerinin etiyolojik faktörleri ve klinik profillerinin tespit edilmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Hasta kayıtlarının geriye dönük olarak taranmasıdır. Bulgular: Toplamda 127 hasta (78 erkek, 49 kadın) incelendi. Kırk beş hastanın (%35,4) izole üçüncü sinir felci, 34 hastanın (%26,8) izole dördüncü sinir felci ve 48 hastanın (%37,8) izole altıncı sinir felci vardı. Ortalama yaşlar benzerdi, sırasıyla: 58,87 (±13,6), 56,32 (±16,1) ve 54,9 (±14,4) olarak saptandı (p=0,4). Ana semptom çift görme olup, tüm hastalarda izlendi. Yirmi bir hastanın anizokorisi vardı (20 üçüncü, 1 dördüncü sinir). Anizokorisi olan hastalardan 3 tanesi vaskülopatiye bağlı üçüncü sinir felciydi, diğerleri edinilmiş non-travmatik grup olarak kabul edildi ve etiyolojilerinde anevrizma, Tolosa-Hunt sendromu, C karotiko-kavernöz fistül gibi tanılar vardı. Tüm hasta gruplarında en sık saptanan etiyoloji vaskülopati idi. Üç hasta pupilin korunduğu üçüncü sinir felci olmasına rağmen Tolosa-Hunt sendromu tanısı aldı. Tüm sinirler için düzelme zamanı benzerdi. Sonuç: Her ne kadar üçüncü, dördüncü ve altıncı sinir felçlerinin en sık etiyolojik sebebi vaskülopati olsa da, tedavi potansiyeli olan ve tehlikeli durumların dışlanabilmesi için nöro-görüntüleme çalışmaları önemlidir.

🔖

Cite This Article

ÇOLPAK, A. İ., ÇAĞLAYAN, H. B. (2022). Isolated Third, Fourth, and Sixth Cranial Nerve Palsies in the Turkish Population: Etiologic Factors and Clinical Course. Türk Nöroloji Dergisi, Cilt: 25 - Sayı: 1, 32–35. https://ajindex.com/articles/655046

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (15)

  1. Berlit P. Isolated and combined pareses of cranial nerves III, IV and VI. A retrospective study of 412 patients. J Neurol Sci 1991;103:10-15
  2. Volpe NJ, Lee AG. Do patients with neurologically isolated ocular motor cranial nerve palsies require prompt neuroimaging? J Neuroophthalmol 2014;34:301-305
  3. Nalcacıoğlu P, Kavuncu S, Budakoğlu Ö, İlhan B, Acaroğlu G. Ocular motor nerve palsies: 225 clinical and etiological analysis. Turkiye Klinikleri J Ophthalmol 2016;25:238-244
  4. Özbek Z, Berk AT, Hızlı T, Akman F. Oculomotor, trochlear and abducens nerve palsies in children. Turkiye Klinikleri J Ophthalmol 2003;12:139-144
  5. Şekeroğlu HT, Turan KE, Umut A, Şener EC, Sanac AS. Etiology of Fourth and Sixth Nerve Palsies: A single Ophthalmology Clinic’s Perspective. Int J Ophthalmol Clin Res 2014;1:1
  6. Brazis PW. Isolated palsies of cranial nerves III, IV, and VI. Semin Neurol 2009;29:14-28
  7. Rush JA, Younge BR. Paralysis of cranial nerves III, IV, and VI. Cause and prognosis in 1,000 cases. Arch Ophthalmol 1981;99:76-79
  8. Park UC, Kim SJ, Hwang JM, Yu YS. Clinical features and natural history of acquired third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerve palsy. Eye (Lond) 2008;22:691-696
  9. Richards BW, Jones FR Jr, Younge BR. Causes and prognosis in 4,278 cases of paralysis of the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens cranial nerves. Am J Ophthalmol 1992;113:489-496
  10. Batocchi AP, Evoli A, Majolini L, et al. Ocular palsies in the absence of other neurological or ocular symptoms: analysis of 105 cases. J Neurol 1997;244:639-645
  11. Trobe JD. Third nerve palsy and the pupil. Footnotes to the rule. Arch Ophthalmol 1988;106:601-602
  12. Kim HM, Yang HK, Hwang JM. Quantitative analysis of pupillometry in isolated third nerve palsy. PLoS One 2018;13:e0208259
  13. O’Connor PS, Tredici TJ, Green RP. Pupillary-sparing third nerve palsy due to aneurysm: a survey of 2419 neurological surgeons. J Neurosurg 1983;58:792-793
  14. Jung JS, Kim DH. Risk factors and prognosis of isolated ischemic third, fourth, or sixth cranial nerve palsies in the Korean population. J Neuroophthalmol 2015;35:37-40
  15. Tamhankar MA, Biousse V, Ying GS, et al. Isolated third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerve palsies from presumed microvascular versus other causes: a prospective study. Ophthalmology 2013;120:2264-2269.