Journals / Flora İnfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi / 2021 / Cilt: 26 - Sayı: 2

Nocardiosis Cases and Risk Factors for Infection in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Üçüncü Basamak Bir Hastanede Nokardiyoz Olguları ve İnfeksiyon Risk Faktörleri

Pages
285–294
Publication Date
2022-11-06
DOI
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If nocardiosis is always to be considered in the case of a compatible clinical situation in patients on temozolomide regime, the real incidence of nocardiosis and prophylactic strategies among those patients could be defined properly.

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Objective & Hypothesis:Introduction: Nocardiosis is an opportunistic infectious disease that involves the lungs, brain, eyes and skin and tends to occur in patients using immunosuppressive drugs (especially affecting cellular immunity) or chemotherapeutics, also in patients with diabetes mellitus, AIDS, lymphoreticular malignancies, solid cancers and architectural lung diseases such as bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis.
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Key Findings & Data:Materials and Methods: All adult patients with a culture–proven Nocardia spp. infection at our hospital from 2013 to 2019 were analyzed in the study retrospectively.
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Conclusion & Impact:If nocardiosis is always to be considered in the case of a compatible clinical situation in patients on temozolomide regime, the real incidence of nocardiosis and prophylactic strategies among those patients could be defined properly.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:2013 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Introduction: Nocardiosis is an opportunistic infectious disease that involves the lungs, brain, eyes and skin and tends to occur in patients using immunosuppressive drugs (especially affecting cellular immunity) or chemotherapeutics, also in patients with diabetes mellitus, AIDS, lymphoreticular malignancies, solid cancers and architectural lung diseases such as bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis. Here, it was aimed to present the clinical features and the risk factors of nocardiosis cases followed in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: All adult patients with a culture–proven Nocardia spp. infection at our hospital from 2013 to 2019 were analyzed in the study retrospectively. Strains were identified by conventional methods and in the case of availability, by 16SrRNA gen analysis or MADI-TOF; antimicrobil susceptibilities were defined by gradient method. Results: There were a total of 9 nocardiosis cases during the study period: 4 with disseminated (including pulmonary, brain, muscle, eye) nocardiosis, 4 with pulmonary nocardiosis and 1 case with skin nocardiosis. Corticosteroids, temozolomide, mycofenolate mofetil and cyclosoprin were used by patiensts as immunosupresive drugs in 6, 2 ,1 and 1 them, respectively. All of the patients were lymphopenic except one. Five strains identified at species level were N.cyriacigeorgica (2 strains), N.farcinicia, N.asteroides and N.abscessus, respectively. All of the 7 strains with available suceptibility test results were susceptible to co-trimoxazole. Conclusion: Nocardia spp. should always be taken into consideration in the case of pulmonary or central nervous system infections of patients with supressed cellular immunity or lymphopenia. In the case of newly defined CNS lesion in a patient with both malignancy and pulmonary nocardiosis, CNS nocardiosis should always be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis. Although chemotherapeutic agents have always been defined as risk factors for nocardiosis, temozolomide could be a stronger risk factor because of its ability to cause a deeper lymphopenia. If nocardiosis is always to be considered in the case of a compatible clinical situation in patients on temozolomide regime, the real incidence of nocardiosis and prophylactic strategies among those patients could be defined properly.

Özet

Giriş: Nokardiyoz özellikle hücresel bağışıklığı baskılayıcı tedaviler, diabetes mellitus, AIDS gibi bazı hastalıklar, bronşektazi ve kistik fibroz gibi anatomik bozukluklar, lenforetiküler maligniteler, solid organ kanserleri ve kemoterapi ile ilişkilendirilen ve en sık akciğer, beyin, göz ve deri tutulumu ile seyreden fırsatçı bir infeksiyondur. Bu çalışmada bir üçüncü basamak hastanesinde nokardiyoz hastaların klinik tabloları ve risk faktörleri sunuldu. Materyal ve Metod: 2013-2019 yılları arasında hastanemizde izlenen ve herhangi bir klinik örneğinde Nocardia spp. üreyen ve bu etkene yönelik tedavi alan yetişkin hastalar retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Suşların tanımlanmasında klasik yöntemler, yapılabilenlerde tiplendirme için 16S rRNA veya MALDI TOF yöntemi, antimikrobiyal duyarlılıkların belirlenmesinde gradient yöntemi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Dokuz olgunun 4’ü disemine (tutulum görülen alanlar- akciğer, beyin, kas içi, göz), 4’ü akciğer, 1’i ise deri tutulumuyla seyretti. Hastaların 6’sı kortikosteroid, ikisi temozolomid, biri mikofenolat mofetil, biri ise siklofosfamid olmak üzere immunosupresif ilaç kullanmaktaydı. Bir hasta hariç tümü lenfopenikti. Tür düzeyinde tanımlanan 5 suş sırasıyla N. cyriacigeorgica (2 suş), N. farcinicia, N. asteroides ve N. abscessus İlk kez geçtikleri için açık yazılmaları gerekiyor. Nocardia cyriacigeorgica gibi) olarak adlandırıldı. Antibiyogram verisi olan 7 suşun tümü kotrimoksazole duyarlıydı. Sonuç: Hücresel bağışıklığı baskılanmış veya lenfopenik hastalarda gelişen, özellikle akciğer, merkezi sinir sistemi infeksiyonlarında etkenin Nocardia spp. olabileceği akla gelmeli. Akciğer nokardiyozu belirlenmiş kanser hastalarında MSS’de gelişen lezyonların ayırıcı tanısında MSS nokardiyozu da düşünülmelidir. Bugüne kadar nokardiyoz için tanımlanan birçok risk faktörünün arasında genel olarak kanser kemoterapileri yer alırken, derin lenfopeni yaratması nedeniyle temozolomid daha güçlü bir risk faktörü olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Temozolomid alan hastalarda gelişen infeksiyon tablolarında nokardiyoz daha sık akla getirilip incelemeler yapılırsa gerçek nokardiyoz insidansının belirlenmesi ile gelecekte profilaksi stratejileri etkilenebilir.

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Cite This Article

ÇAĞATAY, A., YILMAZ, E., YAVUZ(, S. Ş., BAŞARAN, S., ERAKSOY, H., ÖZSÜT, H., ÖNCÜL, O. (2022). Nocardiosis Cases and Risk Factors for Infection in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Flora İnfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, Cilt: 26 - Sayı: 2, 285–294. https://ajindex.com/articles/650645

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