Journals / Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi / 2003 / Cilt: 22 - Sayı: 1-2-3

Aflatoxin $M_1 (AFM_1)$ in milk and milk products and situation in Turkey

Süt ve süt ürünlerinde aflatoksin $M_1 (AFM_1)$ ve Türkiye'deki durumu

Pages
121–125
Publication Date
2022-11-05
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Various researches have been performed about $AFM_1$ in milk and milk products in Turkey. $AFM_1$ concentrations found in milk and cheese samples in Turkey might be a risk factor for human health.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Aflatoxins are a group of mycotoxin with potent carcinogenic and teratogenic effects, and are produced by certain species of Aspergillus and may occur in various agricultural commodities.
📊
Key Findings & Data:When aflatoxin $B_1(AFB_1)$ contaminates the feed of lactating animals, milk from these animals contains aflatoxin $M_1(AFM_1)$, the principal metabolite arising from biotransformation of $AFB_1$ in liver and it is secreted into milk in the mammary gland.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Various researches have been performed about $AFM_1$ in milk and milk products in Turkey. $AFM_1$ concentrations found in milk and cheese samples in Turkey might be a risk factor for human health.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Aflatoxins are a group of mycotoxin with potent carcinogenic and teratogenic effects, and are produced by certain species of Aspergillus and may occur in various agricultural commodities. When aflatoxin $B_1(AFB_1)$ contaminates the feed of lactating animals, milk from these animals contains aflatoxin $M_1(AFM_1)$, the principal metabolite arising from biotransformation of $AFB_1$ in liver and it is secreted into milk in the mammary gland. The presence of $AFM_1$ in milk and milk products is important since these products are consumed largely by infants and children, who are considered more susceptible to the adverse effects of mycotoxins. Therefore, to reduce the risk of exposure, many countries have carried out various researches and have applied control programs on AFMj. These countries have regulated the level of AFBi in feeds and have proposed or set maximum permissible levels of $AFM_1$ in milk and milk products. Various researches have been performed about $AFM_1$ in milk and milk products in Turkey. $AFM_1$ concentrations found in milk and cheese samples in Turkey might be a risk factor for human health.

Özet

Aflatoksinler, bazı Aspergillm türleri tarafından üretilen, çeşitli tarım ürünlerinde bulunabilen, potansiyel olarak karsinojenik ve teratojenik etkiye sahip bir mikotoksin grubudur. Aflatoksin $M_1(AFM_1)$, Aflatoksin $B_1 (AFB_1)$ile kontamine yemleri tüketen laktasyondaki hayvanların sütlerinde bulunur, $AFB_1$'in karaciğerde biyotransformasyonu sonucu oluşan,temel metabolitidir ve meme bezlerinden süte geçer. Süt ve süt ürünlerinde $AFM_1$ bulunması; bu ürünleri daha çok tüketen bebek ve çocuklar açısından oldukça önemlidir. Çünkü, bebek ve çocuklar mikotoksinlerin olumsuz etkilerine karşı oldukça hassastır. Bu nedenle, bir çok ülke, $AFM_1$'e maruz kalma riskini azaltmak için çeşitli araştırma ve kontrol programları uygulamıştır. Her ülke kendi şartlarını göz önünde tutarak, yemlerdeki $AFB_1$ düzeyine sınırlama getirmiş, süt ve süt ürünlerinde, maksimum bulunabilecek $AFM_1$ düzeylerini belirlemiş veya önermiştir. Türkiye'de, süt ve süt ürünlerinde bulunan $AFM_1$ ile ilgili çeşitli çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Türkiye'de, süt ve peynirlerde, insan sağlığı için risk oluşturabilecek düzeylerde $AFM_1$ bulunabilmektedir.

🔖

Cite This Article

ORUÇ, H. H. (2022). Aflatoxin $M_1 (AFM_1)$ in milk and milk products and situation in Turkey. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 22 - Sayı: 1-2-3, 121–125. https://ajindex.com/articles/643830

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (1)

  1. AMRA HA, BARS J le, GALTIER P, BURGAT V, GUERRE P. Survey of aflatoxin M1 in Egyptian raw milk by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mycotox 98, Toulouse July 2-4, 1998. Mycotoxins in food chain: processing and toxicological aspects. Revue-de-Medicine-Veterinaire, June, 1998, 695. 2.ANONYMOUS: MAFF (Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food)-UK-Survey of aflatoxin M1 in retail milk and milk products. Number 64, 1995. 3.AYÇİÇEK H, YARSAN E, SARIMEHMETOĞLU B, ÇAKMAK O. Aflatoxin M1 in white cheese and butter consumed in İstanbul, Turkey. Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 2002;44(5): 295-296. 4.BAKIRCI İ. A study on the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products produced in Van province of Turkey. Food Control 2001; 12:47-51. 5.BARRIOS MJ, GUALDA MJ, CABANAS JM, MEDINA LM, JORDANO R. Occurence of aflatoxin M1 in cheeses from the South of Spain. J. Food Prot. 1996;59:898-900. 6.BLANCO JL, DOMINGUES L, GOMEZ-LUCIA E, GARAYZABAL JFF, GOYACHE J, SUAREZ G.Behavior of aflatoxin during the manufacture, ripening and storage of Manchego-type cheese. J. Food Prot. 1988;53:1373-1376. 7.ÇOKSÖYLER N, KÖŞKER Ö. Süt ve yemde aflatoksin oluşumu üzerine araştırmalar. A.Ü. Zir. Fak., Y.O. İhtisas Tez Özetleri, 1980;1: 436-456. 8.DAĞOĞLU, G., KELEŞ, O., YILDIRIM, M.: Peynirlerde aflatoksin düzeylerinin ELISA ile araştırılması. İ. Ü. Vet. Fak. Derg. 1995;21(2): 313-317. 9.DE SYLOS CM, RODRIGUEZ-AMAYA DB, CARVALHO PRN. Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products commercialized in Campinas, Brazil. Food Add. and Cont. 1996;13(2):169-172. 10.DEMİRER MA. Süt ve süt mamüllerinde aflatoksin M1 VE B1 aranması üzerine araştırmalar. Ankara Üniversitesi Vet. Fak. Derg. 1973; 20(2):421-430. 11.DOMAGALA J, KISZA J, BLÜTHGEN A, HEESCHEN W. Contamination of milk with aflatoxin M1 in Poland. Milchwissenschaft 1997;52(11):631-633. 12.DOSAKO S, KAMINOGAWA S, TANEYA S, YAMAUCHI K. Hydrophobic surface areas and net changes of αs1-k- casein and αs1-casein:k-casein complex. J.Dairy Res. 1980;47:123-129. 13.FINK-GREMMELS, J. Mycotoxins: Their implications for human and animal health. Vet. Quart. 1999; 21(4):115-120. 14.GALVANO F, GALOFARO V, DE ANGELIS A, GALVANO M, BOGNANNO M, GALVANO G. Survey of the occurence of aflatoxin M1 in dairy products marketed in Italy. J. Food Prot. 1998;61(6):738-741. 15.GOVARIS A, ROUSSI V, KOIDIS A, BOTSOGLOU NA. Distribution and stability of aflatoxin M1 during processing, ripening and storage of Telemes cheese. Food Add. and Cont. 2001;18(5):437-443. 16.GÜ