Journals / Türk Patoloji Dergisi / 2012 / Cilt: 28 - Sayı: 2

Subependimal dev hücreli astrositomlarda belirgin olmayan farklılaşma ve mTOR yolağı bozuklukları

Evidence of ambiguous differentiation and mTOR pathway dysregulation in subependymal giant cell astrocytoma

Pages
95–103
Publication Date
2022-11-05
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Subependymal giant cell astrocytomas do not appear to have the typical expression profiles of astrocytic tumors, under which they have been classified.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Objective: The exact cell of origin of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma is debated but most currently consider the tumor in the astrocytic category.
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Key Findings & Data:Mutations and subsequent biallelic inactivation of TSC1 encoding hamartin, or TSC2 encoding tuberin appear to be the underlying genetic aberrations.
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Conclusion & Impact:Subependymal giant cell astrocytomas do not appear to have the typical expression profiles of astrocytic tumors, under which they have been classified.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Objective: The exact cell of origin of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma is debated but most currently consider the tumor in the astrocytic category. Mutations and subsequent biallelic inactivation of TSC1 encoding hamartin, or TSC2 encoding tuberin appear to be the underlying genetic aberrations. Inactivation leads to loss of proteins that inhibit mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR ) disrupting tightly regulated cell functions. Material and Method: We analyzed the expression of tuberin and hamartin along with an array of neuroepithelial markers in 9 subependymal giant cell astrocytomas. In addition, RPS6 and 4EBP1 regulatory proteins that are downstream in the mTOR pathway were also evaluated.Results: While hamartin and tuberin expression levels were relatively decreased compared to control tissue, this was not of particular practical use to detect the mutated gene since low levels of positivity could be detected throughout the central nervous system. As expected, the levels of RPS6 and 4EBP1 were increased, further confirming the activation of the mTOR pathway. GFAP was positive in 5 cases, while Synaptophysin positivity was found in all tumors. CD34 (a marker often observed in well differentiated glio-neuronal tumors), Olig2 (a nuclear marker present in most gliomas), IDH1 and IDH2 were entirely negative in all tumor cells. Ki67 (MIB-1) showed a low proliferation rate ranging from 2% to 8%.Conclusion: Staining with neuroepithelial markers supports the suggestion of ambiguous differentiation. Subependymal giant cell astrocytomas do not appear to have the typical expression profiles of astrocytic tumors, under which they have been classified.

Özet

Amaç: Subependimal dev hücreli astrositom hücre kökeni kesin olarak belirli olmamasına karşın astrositik tümörler arasında sınıflandırılan bir tümördür. Subependimal dev hücreli astrositomlarda tipik genetik anomali Hamartin'i kodlayan TSC1 veya Tuberin'i kodlayan TSC2 genlerindeki mutasyon ve diğer alelin inaktivasyonudur. Bu genlerin inaktivasyonu “rapamisin'in memelilerdeki hedefi” olarak bilinen mTOR yolağı üzerinden hücrede sıkı biçimde kontrol edilen kritik işlevlerin bozulmasına neden olur. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada, 9 subependimal dev hücreli astrositom olgusunda Tuberin ve Hamartin yanısıra nöroepitelyal belirteçlerin düzeylerini immünhistokimyasal yöntemlerle inceledik. Ayrıca mTOR yolağında yer alan RPS6 and 4EBP1 proteinlerinin de düzeylerini araştırdık.Bulgular: Hamartin ve Tuberin antikorları normal dokuya oranla tümörlerde daha az boyansa da normale benzer düzeylerde bulunmaları genetik anomaliyi saptama açısından yarar sağlamadı. RPS6 ve 4EBP1 kuvvetli pozitifliğinin mTOR yolağının aktivasyonunu gösterdiği görüşünü destekledi. İmmünhistokimyasal çalışmalarda GFAP sadece beş olguda kuvvetli pozitif olarak saptandı. Sinaptofizin bütün olgularda pozitif boyama gösterdi. Glionöronal tümörlerde tipik olarak görülen CD34 pozitifliği bu olgularda saptanmadı. Ayrıca Olig2, IDH1 ve IDH2 immünhistokimyasal olarak tüm olgularda negatif olarak bulundu. Ki67 (MIB-1) boyanma indeksi %2 ile %8 arasında değişti.Sonuç: Nöroepitelyal belirteçlerle boyanmanın astrositik dışı bir başkalaşıma kanıt oluşturduğu düşünüldü. Subependimal dev hücreli astrositom saf astrositik tümörledeki klasik immünhistokimyasal profile uymadığından bu tümörün astrositik grupta sınıflandırılmasının doğru olmama olasılığı bulunmaktadır.

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Cite This Article

TİHAN, T., BARROW, B. D., RUTKOWSKI, M. J., GÜLTEKİN, Ş. H., PARSA, A. T. (2022). Subependimal dev hücreli astrositomlarda belirgin olmayan farklılaşma ve mTOR yolağı bozuklukları. Türk Patoloji Dergisi, Cilt: 28 - Sayı: 2, 95–103. https://ajindex.com/articles/640717

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