Journals / Türk Nöroşirürji Dergsi / 2020 / Cilt: 30 - Sayı: 3

Instrumentation in Osteoporotic Vertebra Fractures - Indications and Suggestions for Strengthening the Stabilization System

Osteoporotik Vertebra Kırıklarında Enstrümantasyon - Endikasyonları ve Stabilizasyon Sistemini Güçlendirme Önerileri

Pages
521–526
Publication Date
2022-11-06
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Despite all these measures, it should be kept in mind that spinal instrumentation in a patient with osteoporosis may fail and revision surgery may be required.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Osteoporosis is a metabolic disease that may lead to spinal fractures by decreasing bone quality.
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Key Findings & Data:The risk of failure of instrumental surgery is high due to reasons such as increased morbidity rates due to the advanced age of osteoporotic patients, mechanical insufficiency of the bone, and difficulty in fusion.
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Conclusion & Impact:Despite all these measures, it should be kept in mind that spinal instrumentation in a patient with osteoporosis may fail and revision surgery may be required.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Osteoporosis is a metabolic disease that may lead to spinal fractures by decreasing bone quality. It has started to be seen more and more frequently with the increasing elderly population. Although most osteoporotic vertebral fractures show spontaneous healing, sometimes progressive collapse, kyphotic deformity and neural compression due to spinal canal or intervertebral foramen narrowing can be seen. Surgical treatment options are minimal invasive procedures such as vertebroplasty and instrumented stabilization in some cases. In most cases without deformity or neural compression, percutaneous cement support to the vertebral body (vertebroplasty/kyphoplasty) is sufficient, while in some cases decompression and instrumented stabilization are required. There are many factors to be considered during surgical indication determination and technique selection. Patient age, gender, comorbidities, weight, body structure, severity of osteoporosis, fracture localization, degree of collapse and angle, balance of the spine in sagittal and coronal planes, canal and foramen stenosis, pain severity, neurological deficit, the patient’s degree of activity and expectation from surgery, and the surgeon’s experience and available technical means are the main ones. The risk of failure of instrumental surgery is high due to reasons such as increased morbidity rates due to the advanced age of osteoporotic patients, mechanical insufficiency of the bone, and difficulty in fusion. Therefore, instrumentation should only be considered in patients with absolute indications. There are many measures that can be applied to prevent failure of the instrumentation system, and sometimes all of them need to be implemented. These measures are pharmacological treatment for osteoporosis, increasing the levels of fixation to distribute the load, using a sublaminar wire or hook, optimizing the screw application technique, changing the screw design, applying cement-supported screws, and supporting the anterior column. Fusion should be accelerated by good bone grafting. Despite all these measures, it should be kept in mind that spinal instrumentation in a patient with osteoporosis may fail and revision surgery may be required.

Özet

Osteoporoz omurganın kemik kalitesini bozan ve kırıklara yol açabilen metabolik bir hastalıktır. Artan yaşlı nüfus ile berabergiderek daha sık görülmeye başlamıştır. Çoğu osteoporotik vertebra kırığı spontan iyileşme gösterse de bazen ilerleyici çökme,kifotik deformite, spinal kanal ya da intervertebral foramen daralmasına bağlı nöral basılar görülebilir. Cerrahi tedavi seçeneklerivertebroplasti gibi minival invaziv girişimler ve bazı olgularda da enstrümanlı stabilizasyondur. Deformite veya nöral bası gelişmemişçoğu olguda perkütan yolla korpusa sement desteği (vertebroplasti/kifoplasti) yeterli iken bazı olgularda ise dekompresyon veenstrümanlı stabilizasyon gerekli olur. Cerrahi endikasyon ve teknik seçimi sırasında göz önüne alınması gereken çok sayıda etkenvardır. Hasta yaşı, cinsiyeti, komorbiditeleri, kilosu, vücut yapısı, osteoporozun şiddeti, kırık lokalizasyonu, çökme derecesi ve açısı,omurganın sagittal ve koronal planlardaki dengesi, kanal ve foramen darlığı, ağrı şiddeti, nörolojik defisit, hastanın aktivite derecesive cerrahiden beklentisi, cerrahın deneyimi ve olanakları bunların başlıcalarıdır. Osteoporozlu hastaların ileri yaş nedeniyle sahipolabilecekleri morbiditeler, kemiğin mekanik yetersizliği ve füzyon güçlüğü gibi nedenlerle enstrümanlı cerrahinin başarısızlık riskiyüksektir. Bu nedenle ancak mutlak endikasyona sahip hastalarda enstrümantasyon düşünülmelidir. Enstrümantasyon sistemininyetmezliğini önlemek için uygulanabilecek birçok önlem vardır ve bazen bu önlemlerin tümünü uygulamak gerekir. Bu önlemler;osteoporoza yönelik farmakolojik tedavi, uygulanacak fiksasyonun seviyesini uzatarak yükü dağıtmak, sublaminar tel ya da kancakullanımı, vida uygulama tekniğini optimize etmek, vida tasarımındaki değişiklikler, sement destekli vida uygulamak ve ön kolonadestek yerleştirmektir. İyi bir kemik greftleme ile füzyon hızlandırılmaya çalışılmalıdır. Tüm bu önlemlere rağmen osteoporozlu birhastadaki spinal enstrümantasyonun yetmezliğe uğrayabileceği ve revizyon ameliyat(lar)ı gerekebileceği akılda tutulmalıdır.

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Cite This Article

DELEN, E., KILINÇER, C. (2022). Instrumentation in Osteoporotic Vertebra Fractures - Indications and Suggestions for Strengthening the Stabilization System. Türk Nöroşirürji Dergsi, Cilt: 30 - Sayı: 3, 521–526. https://ajindex.com/articles/637196

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