Journals / Türk Nöroloji Dergisi / 2010 / Cilt: 16 - Sayı: 4

Valproate-Induced Encephalopathy in Three Cases

Valproik Aside Bağlı Üç Ensefalopati Olgusu

Pages
203–207
Publication Date
2022-11-05
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The clinical symptomatology and EEG findings have significant importance in the differential diagnosis when encephalopathy occurs without hyperammonemia and with normal or slight increase in serum ammonia level

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Valproic acid-induced encephalopathy is a serious complication of valproate, rarely observed, and can lead to death if early diagnosis is not made.
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Key Findings & Data:It is clinically presented as mental status changes that range from drowsiness to lethargy and coma, focal or bilateral neurological deficits, seizure, vomiting, and marked electroencephalography (EEG) background slowing, with or without hyperammonemia.
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Conclusion & Impact:The clinical symptomatology and EEG findings have significant importance in the differential diagnosis when encephalopathy occurs without hyperammonemia and with normal or slight increase in serum ammonia level
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Valproic acid-induced encephalopathy is a serious complication of valproate, rarely observed, and can lead to death if early diagnosis is not made. It is clinically presented as mental status changes that range from drowsiness to lethargy and coma, focal or bilateral neurological deficits, seizure, vomiting, and marked electroencephalography (EEG) background slowing, with or without hyperammonemia. It can also be properly managed by discontinuation of the drug. We present three cases who developed vomiting, disturbance in consciousness, EEG-slowing, and elevated serum ammonia levels. In all cases, symptoms resolved after termination of valproate. Most notably, these side effects occurred in the presence of normal liver enzymes and normal valproate concentrations. Development of unconsciousness and associated EEG slow waves are observed rarely in VPA-induced encephalopathy, and this is discussed together with a review of the literature. Serum ammonia level is an important parameter in the early diagnosis of this rareadverse event. The clinical symptomatology and EEG findings have significant importance in the differential diagnosis when encephalopathy occurs without hyperammonemia and with normal or slight increase in serum ammonia level

Özet

Valproik aside (VPA) bağlı ensefalopati, VPA'nın nadir bir komplikasyonudur. Valproata bağlı ensefalopatinin erken tanınması, ölüm- le sonuçlanabilecek bu ağır tablonun geri dönüşümünü sağlayabilmesi açısından çok değerlidir. Uykululuk halinden letarji ve komaya kadar uzanan bilinç değişikliği, fokal veya bilateral nörolojik bulgular, nöbet, kusma, elektroensefalografi (EEG)'de yavaşlama valpro- ata bağlı ensefalopatide görülebilmekte ve valproatın kesilmesi ile düzelebilmektedir. Hiperamonemi bu tabloya eşlik edebilir. Bazen de ensefalopati hiperamonemi olmadan ortaya çıkar. Bu yazıda valproata bağlı üç ensefalopati olgusu sunulmuştur. Olgularımızda, bulantı, kusma, bilinç bulanıklığı, EEG'de zemin ritmi yavaşlaması, iki olguda serum amonyum seviyesinde yükselme gözlenmiştir. Ol- guların karaciğer enzim seviyeleri ve serum VPA seviyeleri normal sınırlarda tespit edilmiştir. Bütün semptomlar VPA kesimi sonrası dü- zelmiştir. Serum amonyum seviyesi bu nadir yan etkinin erken teşhisinde önemli bir parametredir. Serum amonyum seviyesinin nor- mal olması durumunda klinik bulgular ve EEG bulguları teşhis için büyük önem taşımaktadır

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Cite This Article

GÖNÜL, A. S., ALPAYDIN, S., KESKİNÖZ, N., ŞİRİN, H., ARAÇ, N., KÖŞKDERELİOĞLU, A., KOCAMAN, A., POLAT, F. (2022). Valproate-Induced Encephalopathy in Three Cases. Türk Nöroloji Dergisi, Cilt: 16 - Sayı: 4, 203–207. https://ajindex.com/articles/636983

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