Journals / Türk Nöroloji Dergisi / 2011 / Cilt: 17 - Sayı: 2

Dopamine dysregulation syndrome and other psychiatric problems in Parkinson’s disease: Diagnosis and treatment

Parkinson hastalığında dopamin disregülasyon sendromu ve diğer dsikiyatrik sorunlar: Tanı ve tedavisi

Pages
65–75
Publication Date
2022-11-05
DOI
—
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In DDS cases associated with hypomaniac or psychotic episodes, treatment should be undertaken with hospitalization.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:In a small number of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), a series of behavioral disorders included within the spectrum of impulsive- compulsive disorders develop under dopamine replacement therapy (DRT).
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Key Findings & Data:The prevalence of DDS in PD was reported to be approximately 3-4%.
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Conclusion & Impact:In DDS cases associated with hypomaniac or psychotic episodes, treatment should be undertaken with hospitalization.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

In a small number of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), a series of behavioral disorders included within the spectrum of impulsive- compulsive disorders develop under dopamine replacement therapy (DRT). These behaviors are grouped into three as “impulse control disorders (ICD)” characterized by rewards-seeking behaviors, “punding” characterized by aimless, ritualist stereotypical repetitive behaviors, and “dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS)” characterized by drug overuse due to chemical addiction. The prevalence of DDS in PD was reported to be approximately 3-4%. Patients with DDS have an urge to increase their dopaminergic doses beyond their needs for parkinsonian symptoms. DDS is reported to be more common especially in patients with an early onset of disease, high doses of DRT, previous history of or current depression, history of alcohol or substance abuse, and in those having impulsive personality constantly seeking a change or novelty. DDS is commonly observed in association with “punding” and ICD. The pathophysiology underlying these disorders is explained by specific mechanisms in addition to DRT. Dopamine is not only responsible in the control of the movement, but also plays an important role in the modulation of brain reward systems. The potential maladaptive dysfunction of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system underlies the pathogenesis of DDS. Although the most potent trigger of DDS in PD is known as L-dopa, subcutaneous apomorphine and oral dopamine agonists could also be responsible for the development of DDS. The patients and their caregivers should be informed regarding these behavioral disorders that might emerge under DRT, the possible risk factors should be questioned before dopaminergic therapy, and the choice of drug should be made considering these concerns. In patients with DDS, fast-acting DRT formulations should be avoided. In DDS cases associated with hypomaniac or psychotic episodes, treatment should be undertaken with hospitalization.

Özet

Parkinson hastalarının küçük bir bölümünde dopamin replasman tedavisi (DRT) sırasında impulsif kompulsif spektrumda yer alan bir dizi davranışsal bozukluklar bildirilmektedir. Bu davranışları ödül arayan davranışlar “dürtü kontrol bozuklukları (DKB)”, “punding” adını verdiğimiz amaçsız, ritüalistik stereotipik tekrarlayıcı davranışlar ve kimyasal bağımlılığa benzer şekilde aşırı ilaç kullanımı ile karakterize “dopamin disregülasyon sendromu (DDS)” şeklinde üç ana grupta kategorize edilmektedir. Parkinson hastalığına (PH) özel kliniklerde DDS prevalansı %3-4 bildirilmektedir. DDS geliştiren hastalar parkinsoniyen semptom veya belirtileri ortadan kaldırmak için gerekli olanın üzerinde dopaminerjik ilaç dozlarını arttırma ihtiyacı içindedirler. DDS özellikle hastalık başlangıç yaşı genç, yüksek dozlarda antiparkinsoniyen ilaç kullanan öz geçmişinde veya güncel depresyonu olan, öz geçmişinde madde veya alkol bağımlılığı bildirilen, impulsif veya sürekli yenilik arayışında kişilik özellikleri içeren PH hastalarında görülmektedir. DDS ile “punding” ve DKB komorbiditesi sık görülmektedir. Bu bozuklukların ortaya çıkışından hatalığın kendine özgü patofizyolojisi ve DRT birlikte sorumludur. Dopamin sadece hareket kontrolundan sorumlu olmayıp aynı zamanda beynin ödül sisteminde önemli rol oynayarak davranışları da düzenler. Mezolimbik dopaminerjik sistemin potansiyel maladaptif disfonksiyonu DDS patogenezinde rol oynamaktadır. PH’da DDS’nun en güçlü tetikleyicisi olaral L-dopa belirlenmiş olmakla birlikte subkutan apomorfin ve oral dopamin agonistleri de DDS’dan sorumlu olabilir. Hastalar ve yakınları dopaminerjik tedavi altında gelişebilecek davranışsal semptomlar açısından uyarılmalı, dopaminerjik tedavi öncesi DDS gelişimine yönelik risk faktörleri taranmalı ve ilaç seçimi bu doğrultuda yapılmalıdır. DDS gelişen hastalarda tedavide hızlı etkiyen DRT formulasyonlarından kaçınılmalıdır. Hipomanik ve psikotik ataklarla birlikte seyreden DDS tablolarında hastalar hospitalize edilip tedavi yönlendirilmelidir.

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Cite This Article

ERTAN, S., BENBİR, G. (2022). Dopamine dysregulation syndrome and other psychiatric problems in Parkinson’s disease: Diagnosis and treatment. Türk Nöroloji Dergisi, Cilt: 17 - Sayı: 2, 65–75. https://ajindex.com/articles/636947

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