Journals / Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi / 2002 / Cilt: 30 - Sayı: 9

Transcranial ultrasonographic evaluation of microembolism risk after cardioversion for atrial fibrilation in anticoagulated patients

Kardiyoversiyon öncesi antikoagülan kullanan atriyal fibrilasyonlu hastalarda eksternal kardiyoversiyon sonrası mikroemboli riskinin transkraniyal ultrasonografi ile değerlendirilmesi

Pages
549–553
Publication Date
2022-11-05
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Because, short-term treatment with heparin seems to be as effective as long-term OA, EC could be performed early and safely.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:At least three weeks of oral anticoagulation (OA) is usually recommended for the prevention of thromboembolic events after external cardioversion (EC) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).
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Key Findings & Data:Recently, several studies on the use of transcranial Doppler (TCD) have elucidated absence of microemboli formation after EC in patients undergoing 3 weeks of OA before procedure.
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Conclusion & Impact:Because, short-term treatment with heparin seems to be as effective as long-term OA, EC could be performed early and safely.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

At least three weeks of oral anticoagulation (OA) is usually recommended for the prevention of thromboembolic events after external cardioversion (EC) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). In the past years, along with the use of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), short-term heparin utilization has been shown to reduce the risk of thromboembolism. Recently, several studies on the use of transcranial Doppler (TCD) have elucidated absence of microemboli formation after EC in patients undergoing 3 weeks of OA before procedure. At the same time it is not yet known whether there is a risk of microemboli after short-term heparin infusion and EC. We aimed to compare the risks of microemboli formation after EC using TCD in patients with AF undergoing long-term oral anticoagulation and short-term heparinization before the procedure. Methods: Forty-three patients scheduled for elective EC due to chronic AF, without signs of intracardiac thrombi on TEE and with sufficient temporal window for transcranial Doppler (among them 21 women, mean age 62±13), were included into the study. While nineteen of the patients received effective OA with INR between 2-3 due to AF (Group 1), 24 patients were heparinized (aPTT=70-80ms) before EC (Group 2). Transcranial Doppler sonography of right and left cerebral arteries, accomplished using two channels 2 MHz probe through temporal bone approach, was performed 30 minutes before and 30 minutes after the EC for the detection of microemboli. Results: Sinus rhythm was attained in 33 (76%) patients after EC (15 patients in group 1, 18 patients in group 2). No clinical signs testified on thromboembolic event were observed in patients usho underwent EC. Microemboli were not recorded by TCD, performed before and after EC, in patients of both groups. Conclusion: EC is not associated with microembolism in patients anticoagulated using either long-term oral anticoagulation or heparin. Because, short-term treatment with heparin seems to be as effective as long-term OA, EC could be performed early and safely.

Özet

Amaç: Atriyal fibrilasyonu (AF) bulunan hastalara uygulanan eksternal kardioversiyon (EKV) öncesi, olası tromboemboliyi önlemek için en az 3 hafta süre oral antikoagülan (OAK) kullanımı önerilmektedir. Son yıllarda transözefajiyal ekokardiyografi (TÖE) incelemesi ile birlikte kısa dönem heparin kullanımının da tromboemboli riskini azalttığı bildirilmektedir. Yakın zamanlarda yapılan birkaç çalışmada transkraniyal Doppler (TKD) incelemesiyle EKV öncesi 3 haftalık OAK kullanan hastalarda EKV işlemine bağlı mikroemboli oluşmadığı ortaya konmuştur. Bununla beraber kısa dönem heparin tedavisi sonrası yapılan EKV'da mikroemboli oluşup oluşmadığı bilinmemektedir. Biz çalışmamızda EKV öncesi uzun süre OAK kullanan hastalarla, kısa süre heparinizasyon yapılan hastaları, TKD yaparak EKV sonrası mikroemboli riski açısından karşılaştırmayı amaçladık. Metod: Çalışmaya kronik AF'si için elektif EKV planlanan, TÖE ile intrakardiyak trombüsü olmadığı gösterilen ve transkraniyal Doppler için yeterli temporal penceresi olan 43 hasta (21 kadın, yaş ort 62±13) alındı. Hastalardan 19 tanesi AF nedeniyle INR 2-3 arası olacak şekilde efektif OAK alırken (Grup 1), 24 hastaya EKV öncesi aPTT zamanı 70-80 ms'ye uzayacak şekilde heparinizasyon yapıldı (Grup 2). Serebral mikroembolileri saptamak için kardiyoversiyonun 30 dakika öncesi ve 30 dakika sonrasına kadar 2 kanallı 2 Mhz'li bir probla temporal kemik üzerinden sağ ve sol orta serebral arterin M1 segmentinden TKD sonografisi alındı. Bulgular: EKV sonrası 33 hastada sinüs ritmi (%76) sağlanabildi. Sinüse dönenlerden 15 hasta grup 1, 18 hasta ise grup 2' ye aitti. Hiç bir hastada tromboembolik olay lehine klinik bulguya rastlanmadı Her iki gruptaki hastaların hiçbirinde EKV öncesi ve sonrası yapılan TKD' de mikroemboli saptanmadı. Sonuç: TEÖ ile trombüs varlığı dışlanan hastalarda, gerek uzun dönem OAK ile gerekse heparinle yapılan antikoagülasyon sonrası EKV, mikroemboliye neden olmamaktadır. Kısa dönem heparin tedavisiyle, EKV işlemi erkenden ve güvenle yapılarak, işlem başarısı artırılıp, sinüs ritminde kalım süresi uzatılabilir.

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Cite This Article

GÖKTEKİN, Ö., ATA, N., TİMURALP, B., KUDAİBERDİEVA, G., GÜCÜYENER, D., ÖZDEMİR, G., UZUNER, N. (2022). Transcranial ultrasonographic evaluation of microembolism risk after cardioversion for atrial fibrilation in anticoagulated patients. Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi, Cilt: 30 - Sayı: 9, 549–553. https://ajindex.com/articles/633916

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