Journals / Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi / 2022 / Cilt: 50 - Sayı: 1

Heart failure with non-reduced ejection fraction: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Phenotypes, Diagnosis and Treatment Approaches

Düşük Ejeksiyon Fraksiyon Dışı Kalp Yetersizliği: Epidemiyoloji, Patofizyoloji, Fenotipler, Tanı ve Tedavi Yaklaşımları

Pages
1–34
Publication Date
2022-11-05
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review including epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical pre- sentation and phenotypes of HF-NEF and to guide clinicians for the diagnosis and therapeutic approaches based on the available data in the literature.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Heart failure (HF) has been classified as reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), mildly reduced ejec- tion fraction (HFmrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) by the recent HF guidelines.
📊
Key Findings & Data:However, HFpEF, which comprises almost half of the HF popu - lation, represents significant uncertainties regarding its pathophysiology, clinical phenotypes, diagnosis and treatment.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review including epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical pre- sentation and phenotypes of HF-NEF and to guide clinicians for the diagnosis and therapeutic approaches based on the available data in the literature.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Heart failure (HF) has been classified as reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), mildly reduced ejec- tion fraction (HFmrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) by the recent HF guidelines. In addition, HF with improved ejection fraction has been defined as a subgroup of HFrEF. In HFrEF, diagnostic workup and evidence-based pharmacological and device-based therapies have been well established. However, HFpEF, which comprises almost half of the HF popu - lation, represents significant uncertainties regarding its pathophysiology, clinical phenotypes, diagnosis and treatment. Diagnostic criteria of HFpEF have been changed a few times over the years and still remained a matter of debate. New paradigms including a prominent role of co-morbidities, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction have been proposed in its pathophysi- ology. As a complex, multifactorial syndrome HFpEF consists of many overlapping clinical and hemodynamic phenotypes. In contrast to HFrEF, clinical outcomes of HFpEF have not improved over the last decades due to lack of proven effective therapies. Although HFrEF and HFpEF have different clinical spectrums and proposed pathophysiological mechanisms, there is no clear defining syndrome postulated for HFmrEF. Clinical characteristics and risk factors of HFm- rEF overlap with HFrEF and HFpEF. HFmrEF is also referred as a transitional zone for dynamic temporal changes in EF. So, HFpEF and HFmrEF, both namely HF with non-reduced ejection fraction (HF-NEF), have some challenges in the management of HF. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review including epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical pre- sentation and phenotypes of HF-NEF and to guide clinicians for the diagnosis and therapeutic approaches based on the available data in the literature.

Özet

Kalp yetersizliği (KY), yeni yayınlanan KY kılavuzlarınca düşük ejeksiyon fraksiyonlu (DEF-KY), hafif azalmış ejeksiyon fraksiyonlu (HEF-KY) ve korunmuş ejeksiyon fraksiyonlu (KEF-KY) olarak sınıflandırılmaktadır. Ayrıca, iyileşmiş ejeksiyon fraksiyonlu KY, DEF-KY’nin bir alt grubu olarak tanımlanmıştır. DEF-KY’de, çok iyi bilinen tanısal süreç ve kanıta dayalı farmakolojik ve cihaz te- davileri bulunmaktadır. Oysa KY hasta popülasyonunun neredeyse yarısını oluşturan KEF-KY’de patofizyoloji, klinik fenotipler, tanı ve tedavide önemli belirsizlikler vardır. KEF-KY kriterleri yıllar içinde birkaç kez değiştirilmiş ve halen tartışma konusu olmaya devam etmektedir. Komorbi- diteler, enflamasyon, endotel işlev bozukluğunun patofizyolojideki rolüne ilişkin yeni görüşler ortaya konmaktadır. Karmaşık ve multifaktöriyal bir sendrom olarak KEF-KY değişik klinik ve hemodinamik fenotipler içermektedir. DEF-KY’nin aksine KEF-KY’de etkili tedavilerin eksikliği nedeniyle son birkaç dekatta klinik sonlanımlarda belirgin düzelme sağlanamamıştır. DEF-KY ve KEF-KY farklı klinik spektrumlar ve nispeten farklı patofizyolojik mekanizmalara sahip olsalar da, HEF-KY için çok kesinleşmiş bir sendrom tanımı yoktur. HEF-KY klinik özellikleri ve risk faktör- leri DEF-KY veya KEF-KY ile örtüşebilmektedir. HEF-KY, EF’nin zaman içinde dinamik değişime uğradığı bir geçiş zonu olarak da nitelendirilmektedir. Bu nedenlerle, KEF-KY ve HEF-KY, her ikisi birlikte düşük ejeksiyon fraksiyon dışı KY (DED-KY) olarak, KY yönetiminde bazı zorluklara sahiptir. Bu belgenin amacı; DED-KY’nin epidemiyoloji, patofizyoloji, klinik özellikler ile feno- tiplerini ayrıntılı irdelemek ve mevcut verilere dayalı olarak klinisyene tanı ve tedavi yaklaşımları hakkında rehberlik etmektir.

🔖

Cite This Article

Çavuşoğlu, Y., Çelik, A., Altay, H., Nalbantgil, S., Özden, Ö., Temizhan, A., Ural, D., Ünlü, S., Zoghi, M., Yılmaz, M. B. (2022). Heart failure with non-reduced ejection fraction: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Phenotypes, Diagnosis and Treatment Approaches. Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi, Cilt: 50 - Sayı: 1, 1–34. https://ajindex.com/articles/631802

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (3)

  1. Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the manage- ment of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/ American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62:e147-e239
  2. Ponikowski P, Voors AA, Anker SD, et al. 2016 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardio- logy (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(27):2129-2200. [Crossref] 3. Bozkurt B, Coats AJS, Tsutsui H, et al. Universal definition and classification of heart failure: A report of the Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, Japanese Heart Failure Society and Writing Committee of the Universal Definition of Heart Failure: Endorsed by the Canadian Heart Failure Society, Heart Failure Association of India, Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand, and Chinese Heart Failure Association. Eur J Heart Fail. 2021; 23(3):352-380. [Crossref] 4. McDonagh TA, Marco M, Adamo M, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(36):3599-3726. [Crossref] 5. Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguliar D, et al. 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: Executive Summary: A Report of the Ameri- can College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2022 May 3;145(18):e876-e894. doi: 10.1161/ CIR.0000000000001062. Epub 2022 Apr 1
  3. Tsao CW, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2022 up- date. Circulation. 2022;145(8):e153-e639. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001052. Epub 2022 Jan 26. [Crossref] 7. Değertekin M, Erol Ç, Ergene O, et al. [Heart failure prevalence and predictors in Turkey: HAPPY study]. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. 2012;40(4):298-308. doi: 10.5543/ tkda.2012.65031. [Crossref] 8. Bleumink GS, Knetsch AM, Sturkenboom MCJM, et al. Quantifying the heart failure epidemic: prevalence, incidence rate, lifetime risk and prognosis of heart failure The Rotterdam Study. Eur Heart J. 2004;25(18):1614-1619. [Crossref] 9. Seferovic PM, Vardas P, Jankowska EA, et al. The Heart Failure Association Atlas: Heart Failure Epidemiology and Management Statistics 2019. Eur J H