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Journals / Tüberküloz ve Toraks / 2018 / Cilt: 66 - Sayı: 2

Alarmins and anti-alarmin biologics in asthma

Astımda alarminler ve anti-alarmin biyolojikler

Sevim BAVBEK
Begüm GÖRGÜLÜ
Pages
166–175
Publication Date
2022-11-05
DOI
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⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In this review, we aimed to summarize the role of alarmines in the pathogenesis of asthma and the results of studies with anti-alarmin biologics.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Introduction: Alarmins are endogenous, constitutively expressed, chemotactic, and immune activating proteins/peptides that are released as a result of degranulation, cell injury or death, or in response to immune induction.
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Key Findings & Data:IL-25, IL-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) are airway epithelial-derived alarmins and the characteristics of alarmins are that they are rapidly released after nonprogrammed cell death, they activate the immune cells.
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Conclusion & Impact:In this review, we aimed to summarize the role of alarmines in the pathogenesis of asthma and the results of studies with anti-alarmin biologics.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Introduction: Alarmins are endogenous, constitutively expressed, chemotactic, and immune activating proteins/peptides that are released as a result of degranulation, cell injury or death, or in response to immune induction. Alarmins are involved in a variety of processes including antimicrobial gene expression regulation, cellular homeostasis, wound healing, inflammation, allergy, autoimmunity and oncogenesis. IL-25, IL-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) are airway epithelial-derived alarmins and the characteristics of alarmins are that they are rapidly released after nonprogrammed cell death, they activate the immune cells. It is thought that the inhibition of the effects of alarmin on the immune system may be useful in the treatment of asthma. The effects of anti-IL-25 (Brodalumab) and anti-TSLP (Tezepelumab) treatments on asthmatic patients were investigated for that purpose. Brodalumab provided limited benefit only in the asthmatic group with high reversibility. Tezepelumab was found to be the first biological drug to have significant positive effect on two important indicators of asthmatic inflammation such as blood eosinophils and nitric oxide fraction in exhaled air. The effect of anti-IL-33 on airway inflammation was shown in animal experiments and anti-IL-33 was found to be protective by reducing eosinophilia, inflammatory cytokines, airway hypersensitivity. In this review, we aimed to summarize the role of alarmines in the pathogenesis of asthma and the results of studies with anti-alarmin biologics.

Özet

Alarminler; hücre hasarlanması veya ölümü sonucu ortama salınan endojen, kemotaktik, bağışıklık sistemini aktive eden proteinler/peptidlerdir. Alarminler, antimikrobiyal gen ekspresyonu regülasyonu, hücresel homeostaz, yara iyileşmesi, inflamasyon, allerji, otoimmünite ve onkogenez dahil olmak üzere çeşitli süreçlere katılmaktadır. Hava yolu epitelinden üretilen alarminler; IL-25, IL-33 ve timikstromal lenfopoietin (TSLP)' dir ve programlanmamış hücre ölümü sonrasında salınarak immün hücreleri uyarırlar. Alarminlerinimmün sistem üzerindeki etkilerinin inhibe edilmesinin astım tedavisinde etkili olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu amaçla, anti-IL-25(Brodalumab) ve anti-TSLP (Tezepelumab) tedavisinin astımlı hastalar üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Çalışmalarda, brodalumab sadece reversibilitesi yüksek astımlı grupta sınırlı yarar sağlamıştır. Tezepelumab’ın ise anti-IL-5, anti-IL-4 ve anti-IL-13'den farklı olarakastımdaki inflamasyonun iki önemli belirteci olan kan eozinofil sayısı ve ekshalasyon havasında nitrik oksit fraksiyonu azaltan ilkbiyolojik ilaç olduğu görülmüştür. Anti-IL-33'ün ise hava yolu inflamasyonu üzerindeki etkileri hayvan deneylerinde çalışılmış ve havayolu aşırı duyarlılığını, eozinofiliyi ve inflamatuvar sitokinleri azalttığı saptanmıştır. Bu derlemede; astım patogenezinde alarminlerinrolünü ve anti-alarmin biyolojikler ile yapılan çalışmaların sonuçları özetlenmiştir

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Cite This Article

BAVBEK, S., GÖRGÜLÜ, B. (2022). Alarmins and anti-alarmin biologics in asthma. Tüberküloz ve Toraks, Cilt: 66 - Sayı: 2, 166–175. https://ajindex.com/articles/618462

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