Journals / Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences / 2021 / Cilt: 18 - Sayı: 3

Development and Rheological Evaluation of DEET (N,N-DiethyL-3-Methylbenzamide) Microparticles Loaded Hydrogel For Topical Application

Topikal Uygulama İçin DEET (N,N-Dietil-3-Metilbenzamid) Mikropartikül Yüklenmiş Hidrojel Geliştirilmesi ve Reolojik Değerlendirilmesi

Pages
112–118
Publication Date
2022-11-02
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Hence, it can be concluded that the developed formulation is an effective delivery approach for controlled insect repellent activity with reduced skin absorption.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Objectives: N,N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) is a broad-spectrum insect repellent that can easily permeate through the skin and can cause undesirable effects, especially in children and pregnant women.
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Key Findings & Data:DEET-loaded microparticles were developed and incorporated into a hydrogel.
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Conclusion & Impact:Hence, it can be concluded that the developed formulation is an effective delivery approach for controlled insect repellent activity with reduced skin absorption.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Objectives: N,N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) is a broad-spectrum insect repellent that can easily permeate through the skin and can cause undesirable effects, especially in children and pregnant women. The objective of this research was to formulate and evaluate DEET-encapsulated microparticles containing a hydrogel designed to reduce skin permeation and prolong drug release. Materials and Methods: The formulation design was based on the independent formulation variables of the concentration of chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate using a simple factorial design experiment. DEET-loaded microparticles were developed and incorporated into a hydrogel. The size of the microparticles was analyzed using the Zetasizer Nano® particle size analyzer, and the surface morphology, using field emission scanning electron microscopy. Drug release from the microparticles was determined by the dialysis bag method. A rheological evaluation of the formulated gel was performed using a Thermo Haake Rheometer. The in vitro permeation of the formulation was performed using a synthetic Strat-M® membrane. Results: The size of the microparticles ranged from 0.45 to 8.3 µm, and the encapsulation efficiencies were >50% for all the formulations. The drugrelease curves showed no initial burst release from the microparticle formulation. Instead, a slow and controlled drug release was observed over 24 hours that followed Higuchi kinetics. The cumulative amount of DEET permeated (over 24 h) from the DEET solution (control), and the formulation was 211.6±19.5 µg/cm2and 4.07±0.08 µg/cm2 , respectively. Conclusion: A significantly low DEET permeation from the microparticle formulations indicated minimal absorption of the drug into the body and thus, reduced systemic toxicity. Thixotropic evaluation of the hydrogel formulation demonstrated a hysteresis loop that fitted closely to the Herschel-Bulkley rheological model, ensuring an effortless application and prolonged retention on the skin. Hence, it can be concluded that the developed formulation is an effective delivery approach for controlled insect repellent activity with reduced skin absorption.

Özet

Amaç: N, N-Dietil-3-metilbenzamid (DEET), özellikle çocuklarda ve hamile kadınlarda deride kolaylıkla nüfuz edebilen ve istenmeyen etkilere neden olabilen geniş spektrumlu bir böcek kovucudur. Bu araştırmanın amacı, deri nüfuzunu azaltmak ve ilaç salınımını uzatmak için tasarlanmış bir hidrojel içeren DEET kapsüllü mikropartikülleri formüle etmek ve değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Formülasyon tasarımı, basit bir faktöriyel tasarım deneyi kullanılarak kitosan ve sodyum tripolifosfat konsantrasyonunun bağımsız formülasyon değişkenlerine dayanıyordu. DEET yüklü mikropartiküller geliştirildi ve bir hidrojele disperse edildi. Mikropartiküllerin boyutu, Zetasizer Nano® partikül boyutu analizörü ve alan emisyonu taramalı elektron mikroskobu kullanılarak yüzey morfolojisi kullanılarak analiz edildi. Mikropartiküllerden ilaç salımı, diyaliz torbası yöntemi ile belirlendi. Formüle edilmiş jelin reolojik bir değerlendirmesi, bir Thermo Haake Reometre kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. Formülasyonun in vitro geçirgenliği, sentetik bir Strat-M® membran kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. Bulgular: Mikropartiküllerin boyutu 0,45 ile 8,3 µm arasında değişiyordu ve enkapsülasyon etkinliği tüm formülasyonlar için >%50 olarak tespit edildi. İlaç salım profilleri, mikropartikül formülasyonundan ilk patlama etkisi göstermedi. Bunun yerine, Higuchi kinetiğini izleyen 24 saat içinde yavaş ve kontrollü bir ilaç salımı gözlemlendi. DEET solüsyonundan (kontrol) geçirilen kümülatif DEET miktarı (24 saatin üzerinde) ve formülasyon sırasıyla 211,6±19,5 µg/cm2ve 4,07±0,08 µg/cm2idi. Sonuç: Mikropartikül formülasyonlarından önemli ölçüde düşük bir DEET geçirgenliği, ilacın vücuda minimal absorpsiyonu ve dolayısıyla sistemik toksisitenin azaldığı tespit edildi. Hidrojel formülasyonunun tiksotropik değerlendirmesi, Herschel-Bulkley reolojik modeline yakından uyan, kolay uygulama ve deride uzun süreli tutunma sağlayan bir histerezis döngüsü gösterdi. Bu nedenle, geliştirilen formülasyonun, azaltılmış deri absorpsiyonu ile kontrollü böcek kovucu aktivite için etkili bir uygulama yaklaşımı olduğu sonucuna varılabilir.

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Cite This Article

NAIR, R. S., RAHMAN, H., KONG, M. X., TAN, X. Y., CHEN, K. Y., SHANMUGHAM, S. (2022). Development and Rheological Evaluation of DEET (N,N-DiethyL-3-Methylbenzamide) Microparticles Loaded Hydrogel For Topical Application. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cilt: 18 - Sayı: 3, 112–118. https://ajindex.com/articles/613679

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