Journals / Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences / 2018 / Cilt: 15 - Sayı: 1

Anti-inflammatory Effects of Pelargonium endlicherianum Fenzl. Extracts in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Macrophages

Pelargonium endlicherianum Fenzl. Ekstrelerinin Lipopolisakkarit ile Uyarılan Makrofajlarda Anti-enflamatuvar Etkileri

Pages
107–115
Publication Date
2022-11-05
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

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⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

P. quercetorum root extract only decreased TNF-α production and P. sidoides root extract alleviated P38/MAPK activation and COX-2 mRNAexpression with PGE2 production.Conclusion: Our data indicate that especially 11% ethanol root extract of P. endlicherianum targets the inflammatory response of macrophages viainhibition of COX-2, IL-6, and TNF-α through inactivation of the NF-κB signalling pathway, supporting the pharmacologic basis of P. endlicherianumas a traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of inflammation and its associated disorders.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Pelargonium endlicherianum Fenzl. and Pelargonium quercetorumAgnew. root extracts compared with the effects of commercial Pelargonium sidoides root extract by production of pro-inflammatory substances andinflammatory signal transduction on LPS-stimulated macrophages.Materials and Methods: To measure the effects of root extracts on pro-inflammatory mediators, we used the following methods: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay (cell viability or cytotoxcicity), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cytokine production, prostoglandinE2 production), reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (COX-2, iNOS mRNA), Western blotting analysis [MAPK activation and NF-κB(p65) traslocation] and the Griess reaction (NO production).Results: Stimulation of the RAW 264.7 cells with LPS (0.5 µg/mL, 6 hrs treatment) caused an elevated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α and IL-6), increased mRNA expression of COX-2 and inducible NO synthase with release of PGE2 and NO, activated MAPK (phosphorylationof c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, P38) signalling pathway, and nuclear translocation of NF-κB (p65), which weremarkedly inhibited by the pre-treatment with 11% ethanol and 70% methanol root extracts of P. endlicherianum without causing any cytotoxiceffects.
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Key Findings & Data:Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Pelargonium endlicherianum Fenzl. and Pelargonium quercetorumAgnew. root extracts compared with the effects of commercial Pelargonium sidoides root extract by production of pro-inflammatory substances andinflammatory signal transduction on LPS-stimulated macrophages.Materials and Methods: To measure the effects of root extracts on pro-inflammatory mediators, we used the following methods: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay (cell viability or cytotoxcicity), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cytokine production, prostoglandinE2 production), reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (COX-2, iNOS mRNA), Western blotting analysis [MAPK activation and NF-κB(p65) traslocation] and the Griess reaction (NO production).Results: Stimulation of the RAW 264.7 cells with LPS (0.5 µg/mL, 6 hrs treatment) caused an elevated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α and IL-6), increased mRNA expression of COX-2 and inducible NO synthase with release of PGE2 and NO, activated MAPK (phosphorylationof c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, P38) signalling pathway, and nuclear translocation of NF-κB (p65), which weremarkedly inhibited by the pre-treatment with 11% ethanol and 70% methanol root extracts of P. endlicherianum without causing any cytotoxiceffects.
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Conclusion & Impact:P. quercetorum root extract only decreased TNF-α production and P. sidoides root extract alleviated P38/MAPK activation and COX-2 mRNAexpression with PGE2 production.Conclusion: Our data indicate that especially 11% ethanol root extract of P. endlicherianum targets the inflammatory response of macrophages viainhibition of COX-2, IL-6, and TNF-α through inactivation of the NF-κB signalling pathway, supporting the pharmacologic basis of P. endlicherianumas a traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of inflammation and its associated disorders.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Pelargonium endlicherianum Fenzl. and Pelargonium quercetorumAgnew. root extracts compared with the effects of commercial Pelargonium sidoides root extract by production of pro-inflammatory substances andinflammatory signal transduction on LPS-stimulated macrophages.Materials and Methods: To measure the effects of root extracts on pro-inflammatory mediators, we used the following methods: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay (cell viability or cytotoxcicity), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cytokine production, prostoglandinE2 production), reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (COX-2, iNOS mRNA), Western blotting analysis [MAPK activation and NF-κB(p65) traslocation] and the Griess reaction (NO production).Results: Stimulation of the RAW 264.7 cells with LPS (0.5 µg/mL, 6 hrs treatment) caused an elevated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α and IL-6), increased mRNA expression of COX-2 and inducible NO synthase with release of PGE2 and NO, activated MAPK (phosphorylationof c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, P38) signalling pathway, and nuclear translocation of NF-κB (p65), which weremarkedly inhibited by the pre-treatment with 11% ethanol and 70% methanol root extracts of P. endlicherianum without causing any cytotoxiceffects. P. quercetorum root extract only decreased TNF-α production and P. sidoides root extract alleviated P38/MAPK activation and COX-2 mRNAexpression with PGE2 production.Conclusion: Our data indicate that especially 11% ethanol root extract of P. endlicherianum targets the inflammatory response of macrophages viainhibition of COX-2, IL-6, and TNF-α through inactivation of the NF-κB signalling pathway, supporting the pharmacologic basis of P. endlicherianumas a traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of inflammation and its associated disorders.

Özet

Bu çalışma Pelargonium endlicherianum Fenzl. ve Pelargonium quercetorum Agnew. kök ekstrelerinin anti-enflamatuvar etkilerini, ticari Pelargonium sidoides kök ekstresinin etkileri ile kıyaslayarak LPS ile uyarılmış makrofaj hücrelerinde pro-enflamatuvar bileşiklerin üretimi ve enflamatuvar sinyal iletimi yoluyla incelemek üzere dizayn edildi. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kök ekstrelerinin pro-enflamatuvar aracılar üzerine etkisini ölçmek için takip eden yöntemler kullanıldı: 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2- il)-difenil tetrazolium bromid deneyi (hücre canlılığı veya sitotoksisite deneyi), enzime bağlı immünosorbent deneyi (sitokin üretimi, prostoglandin E2 üretimi), ters transkriptaz-polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (COX-2, iNOS mRNA düzeyleri), Western Blot analizi [MAPK aktivasyonu ve NF-κB (p65) translokasyonu] ve Griess reaksiyonu (NO üretimi). Bulgular: RAW 264.7 hücrelerinde LPS ile uyarım pro-enflamatuvar sitokinlerin üretimini, COX-2 ve iNOS mRNA düzeylerini, PGE2 ve NO üretimini, MAPK sinyali (c-Jun N-terminal kinaz, hücre dışı sinyalle düzenlenen kinaz, P38 fosforilasyonu) yolunda aktivasyonu ve NF-κB (p65) translokasyonunu artırırken tüm bu değerler P. endlicherianum %11 etanol ve %70 metanol ekstrelerinin ön-uygulaması ile herhangi bir sitotoksisiteye neden olmadan baskılanmıştır. P. quercetorum TNF-α düzeylerini azaltırken P. sidoides ile ön-uygulama P38/MAPK aktivasyonunu, COX-2 mRNA düzeylerini PGE2 üretimi ile birlikte azalmıştır. Sonuç: Sonuçlarımız göstermektedir ki, özellikle P. endlicherianum %11 etanol ekstresi COX-2, IL-6, and TNF-α inhibisyonu, NF-κB ve MAPK sinyal yollarının inaktivasyonu ile enflamatuvar cevabı hedef almıştır, bu durum da enflamasyon ve enflamasyonla ilişkili hastalıkların tedavisinde bitkisel ilaç açısından P. endlicherianum ekstresinin farmakolojik esasını destekler.

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Cite This Article

YERER, M. B., CUMAOĞLU, A., KARATOPRAK, G. Ş., KOŞAR, M. (2022). Anti-inflammatory Effects of Pelargonium endlicherianum Fenzl. Extracts in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Macrophages. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cilt: 15 - Sayı: 1, 107–115. https://ajindex.com/articles/612844

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