Journals / Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi / 2019 / Cilt: 56 - Sayı: 1

Effects of Methylphenidate on Reaction Time in Children with Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder

Dikkat Eksikliği / Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Olan Çocuklarda Metifenidatın Reaksiyon Süresine Etkileri

Pages
27–31
Publication Date
2022-10-19
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Results suggest that when treating ADHD,it might help clinicians to evaluate objective and non-invasive cognitiveoutcomes such as RT, RTSD and response errors to evaluate the effectsof treatment.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Introduction: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) isassociated with a broad range of neuropsychological impairments thatare attenuated with methylphenidate (MPH) treatment.
📊
Key Findings & Data:The aim of thisstudy was to determine how MPH effects attentional functioning interms of reaction time (RT) in ADHD.Methods: Eighteen pre-medicated ADHD children (7 to 12 years old)and eighteen gender matched normal controls (7 to 12 years old) wereincluded in the study.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Results suggest that when treating ADHD,it might help clinicians to evaluate objective and non-invasive cognitiveoutcomes such as RT, RTSD and response errors to evaluate the effectsof treatment.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Introduction: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) isassociated with a broad range of neuropsychological impairments thatare attenuated with methylphenidate (MPH) treatment. The aim of thisstudy was to determine how MPH effects attentional functioning interms of reaction time (RT) in ADHD.Methods: Eighteen pre-medicated ADHD children (7 to 12 years old)and eighteen gender matched normal controls (7 to 12 years old) wereincluded in the study. Participants performed an auditory attentiontask and the RT of participants to each target response was calculatedautomatically. The same test was repeated 3 months after OROS-MPHadministration for ADHD group. RT, RT standard deviation (RTSD), andresponse errors (omission and commission errors) were comparedbetween control and pre-MPH ADHD groups, and between Pre-MPHand post-MPH ADHD groups.Results: Relative to control subjects, significantly longer RTs, higher RTSDand more errors of omission were observed in unmedicated ADHDchildren during auditory attention task. Analyses revealed significanteffects of medication across all measures except commission errors.After treatment RTs were faster, RTSD values were lower, and errorsof omission were attenuated compared to pre-medication conditionin ADHD group. There were no significant differences in terms ofcommission errors between groups.Conclusion: In this study it was observed that MPH reduced RTs tostimuli, attenuated omission errors during the task in ADHD group andafter 3 months of treatment ADHD children showed similar patterns inRT as compared to controls. Results suggest that when treating ADHD,it might help clinicians to evaluate objective and non-invasive cognitiveoutcomes such as RT, RTSD and response errors to evaluate the effectsof treatment.

Özet

Amaç: Dikkat eksikliği/hiperaktivite bozukluğu (DEHB), metilfenidat (MPH) tedavisi ile düzelme gözlenen bir çok nöropsikolojik bozuklukla ilişkilendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, MPH’ın DEHB’de dikkat işlevini nasıl etkilediğini reaksiyon süresi (RS) ile belirlemektir. Yöntem: Çalışmaya daha önce tedavi görmemiş onsekiz DEHB’li çocuk (7–12 yaş) ve on sekiz cinsiyet eşleştirilmiş sağlıklı çocuk (7–12 yaş) dahil edildi. Katılımcılara işitsel dikkat testi uygulandı ve hedef uyaranlara verdikleri reaksiyon süresi otomatik olarak hesaplandı. DEHB grubundan uzun süreli MPH ilaç tedavisinden üç ay sonra kayıtlar yeniden alındı. RS, RS standart sapması (RSSS) ve yanıt hataları (ihmal ve görev hataları) kontrol grubu ve MPH öncesi grubu arasında ve MPH öncesi ve sonrası DEHB’li grup arasında karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: İşitsel dikkat görevi sırasında, tedavi öncesi DEHB’li grupta kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı bir şekilde daha uzun RS, daha yüksek RSSS ve daha fazla ihmal hatası gözlenmiştir. Yapılan analizler, tedavinin görev hataları dışındaki tüm ölçümlerde anlamlı etkisi olduğunu göstermiştir. Tedavi sonrası DEHB’li grupda tedavi öncesi duruma göre, anlamlı olarak RS daha hızlıydı, RSSS değerleri daha düşüktü ve ihmal hataları daha azdı. Görev hataları açısından gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık yoktu. Sonuç: Yapılan çalışmada, MPH’ın çocukların uyarana verdikleri reaksiyon süresini azalttığı, görev esnasında ihmal hatalarını azalttığı ve üç aylık tedavi sonrası kontrol grubuyla benzer örnekler gösterdiği gözlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, DEBH tedavisinde klinisyenlerin RS, RSSS ve yanıt hataları gibi objektif ve non-invazif kognitif çıktıları kullanmalarının, tedavinin etkilerini değerlendirmelerine yardımcı olabileceğini göstermektedir.

🔖

Cite This Article

ÖZMEN, S., DEMİRCİ, E., ALTINKAYNAK, M., İZZETOĞLU, M., PEKTAŞ, F., DOLU, N., GÜVEN, A. (2022). Effects of Methylphenidate on Reaction Time in Children with Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder. Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi, Cilt: 56 - Sayı: 1, 27–31. https://ajindex.com/articles/584666

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (2)

  1. Barkley RA. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and self-regulation: taking an evolutionary perspective on executive functioning. In: Baumeister RF, Vohs KD, editors. Handbook of Self-Regulation: Research, theory, and applications. New York: Guilford Press; 2004. pp.301–323
  2. Alderson RM, Rapport MD, Kofler MJ. Attention-deficit/hyper-activity disorder and behavioral inhibition: a meta-analytic review of the stop-signal paradigm. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2007;35:745–758. [CrossRef] 3. Martinussen R, Hayden J, Hogg-Johnson S, Tannock R. A meta-analysis of working memory impairments in children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2005;44:377–384. [CrossRef] 4. Toplak ME, Bucciarelli SM, Jain U, Tannock R, Executive functions: performance-based measures and the behavior rating inventory of executive function (BRIEF) in adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Child Neuropsychol 2009;15:53–72. [CrossRef] 5. Noreika V, Falter CM, Rubia K. Timing deficits in attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Evidence from neurocognitive and neuroimaging studies. Neuropsychologia 2013;51:235–266. [CrossRef] 6. Kofler MJ, Rapport MD, Sarver DE, Raiker JS, Orban SA, Friedman LM, Kolomeyer EG. Reaction time variability in ADHD: a meta-analytic review of 319 studies. Clin Psychol Rev 2013;33:795–811. [CrossRef] 7. Coghill DR, Seth S, Pedroso S, Usala T, Currie J, Gagliano A. Effects of methylphenidate on cognitive functions in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: evidence from a systematic review and a meta-Analysis. Biol Psychiatry 2014;76:603–615. [CrossRef] 8. Krukow P, Szaniawska O, Harciarek M, Plechawska-Wójcik M, Jonak K. Cognitive inconsistency in bipolar patients is determined by increased intraindividual variability in initial phase of task performance. J Affect Disord 2017;210:222–225. [CrossRef] 9. Karalunas SL, Geurts HM, Konrad K, Bender S and Nigg JT. Annual research review: Reaction time variability in ADHD and autism spectrum disorders: measurement and mechanisms of a proposed trans-diagnostic phenotype. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2014;55:685–710. [CrossRef] 10. Karantinos T, Tsoukas E, Mantas A, Kattoulas E, Stefanis NC, Evdokimidis I, Smyrnis N. Increased intra-subject reaction time variability in the volitional control of movement in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2014;215:26–32. [CrossRef] 11. Castellanos FX, Tannock R. Neuroscience o