Journals / Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni / 2013 / Cilt: 23 - Sayı: 4

Lityum düzeylerinde kış indirimi: Mevsimsel döngüselliğin önemi

Winter sale on lithium levels: The impact of seasonality

Pages
315–319
Publication Date
2022-10-17
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The overall average dose of lithium taken by the patients was 1190.6±249.0 mg/day.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Objective: Lithium is recognized worldwide as an effective prophylactic agent in mood disorders.
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Key Findings & Data:Methods: Euthymic bipolar patients who were followed in the Raşit Tahsin Mood Clinic of the Bakırköy Research and TrainingHospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery wererecruited for the study, and lithium levels were measured in the second part of winter and summer (15th of June to 1st of September and 15th of January to 1st of March).
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Conclusion & Impact:The overall average dose of lithium taken by the patients was 1190.6±249.0 mg/day.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Objective: Lithium is recognized worldwide as an effective prophylactic agent in mood disorders. Prophylactic efficacy of lithium in mood disorders has been established since the early seventies. Lithium has been and continues to be the mainstay of bipolar disorder (BD) pharmacotherapy for acute mood episodes, switch prevention, and suicide prevention. There are reports of seasonal variation in lithium levels from a few countries. Variability in the lithium level can lead to a lack of efficacy or to toxicity, making seasonal variation clinically relevant. We aimed to compare lithium levels of bipolar patients between summer and winter. Methods: Euthymic bipolar patients who were followed in the Raşit Tahsin Mood Clinic of the Bakırköy Research and TrainingHospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery wererecruited for the study, and lithium levels were measured in the second part of winter and summer (15th of June to 1st of September and 15th of January to 1st of March). A prospective case sheet audit was performed for 32 BD patients for recording plasma lithium level, age and gender for one year. Bipolar patients whose treatment dosage of lithium was changed for any reason during the study follow-up were excluded. Situations of lithium use other than for bipolar disorder were excluded. The presence of concomitant diagnoses of mental retardation or drug dependence constituted exclusion criteria, as did medication non-compliance detected by persistently low lithium plasma levels. The use of antihypertensive drugs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, theophylline, some antibiotics, topiramate, and diuretics that could cause an increase in plasma concentrations of lithium, and of theophylline that could reduce lithium concentrations constituted exclusion criteria. Sodium levels were also monitored due to their propable effect on lithium levels. Lithium levels were compared using the paired sample t-test. Correlation analysis was done for the parameters that could affect lithium levels. Results: The mean age of the patients was 35.75±9.59 years, the mean age of onset was 21.97±6.17 and the mean duration of disorder was 13.90±9.41 year. 15 out of 32 patients were male. The overall average dose of lithium taken by the patients was 1190.6±249.0 mg/day. The mean lithium plasma level was 0.75±0.12 mEq/L in winter, and the mean lithium plasma level was 0.83±0.12 mEq/L in summer (p=0.003). The overall serum sodium levels were 139.1±2.2 mEq/L in summer and 137.1±2.3mEq/L in winter (p=0.001). The correlation between lithium and sodium levels was not significant in summer or in winter (respectively p=0.55, r=0.12 and p=0.49, r=0.14). Conclusions: The present study showed a significant variability of lithium levels when comparing summer and winter. Therefore, frequent plasma level monitoring and oral lithium dose adjustment to prevent situations of toxicity or lack of efficacy in bipolar disorder are suggested. Lithium levels may show a relative increase in summer due to dehydration. Prospective controlled studies are required to differentiate whether this seasonality is specific to bipolar disorders or not.

Özet

Amaç: Lityum duygudurum bozukluklarının koruma tedavisinde etkili bir ilaç olarak tüm dünyada tanınmaktadır. Lityumunbipolar bozukluk profilaksisindeki etkinliği yetmişli yıllarınbaşından beri kanıtlanmıştır. Lityum bipolar bozuklukta akut duygudurum epizodları farmakoterapisi, döngülerin önlenmesi, önleyici tedavi ve intiharın önlenmesinde dayanak noktası olmuş ve olmaya devam etmektedir. Bazı ülkelerde lityum düzeylerinin mevsimsel değişiklikleri olduğu şeklinde yayınlar mevcuttur. Mevsimsel değişme ile ilişkili olarak lityum düzeyindeki değişiklikler klinik etkinliğin olmamasına ya da toksisiteye yol açabilir. Bipolar bozukluk hastalarında yaz ve kış mevsimleri arasında lityum düzeylerini karşılaştırmayı amaçladık.Yöntem: Bakırköy Psikiyatri Nöroloji ve Nöroşirurji Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Raşit Tahsin Duygudurum Kliniğince izlenen ötimik bipolar bozukluk hastaları çalışmaya alındı ve lityum düzeyleri kış ve yaz mevsimlerinin ikinci yarısında (15 Haziran - 1 Eylül ve 15 Ocak - 1 Mart arası) lityum düzeyleri ölçüldü. 32 Bipolar bozukluk hastası için plazma lityum düzeyi,yaş ve cinsiyeti kapsayan bir yıllık süreyi içeren ileriye dönükolgu gözlem dosyası hazırlandı. İzlem süresince herhangi bir sebeple lityum tedavi dozu değişen bipolar bozukluk hastalarıçalışmadan çıkarıldı. Bipolar bozukluk tedavisi dışında lityum kullanan hastalar çalışma dışı bırakıldı. Zeka geriliği, maddebağımlılığı, lityum tedavisinin kontrendike olduğu (kalphastalığı, böbrek hastalığı, epilepsi, Parkinson hastalığı gibi) hastalıklar düşük plazma lityum düzeyine yol açıp, tedaviyeuyum sorunu oluşturabilecekleri için çalışma dışı bırakıldı.Antihipertansif ilaçlar, nonsteroidal antienflamatuar ilaçlar, bazı antibiyotikler, topiramat ve diüretikler plazma lityumkonsantrasyonunu arttırabilecekleri için ve teofilin lityum konsantrasyonunu azaltabileceği için, bunların kullanımı dışlamaölçütü olarak kabul edildi. Sodyum düzeyleri de lityum düzeyleri üzerine olası etkileri sebebiyle izlendi. Lityum kan düzeyleri eşleştirilmiş gurupların t testi ile karşılaştırılmış, lityum düzeyini etkileyebilecek parametreler için bağıntı analizi yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Hastaların yaş ortalaması 35.75±9.59, hastalığınbaşlangıç yaşı ortalaması 21.97±6.17, ortalama hastalıksüresi 13.90±9.41 olarak tespit edildi. 32 hastanın 15’i erkek cinsiyetteydi. Hastalar tarafından kullanılan ortalama lityumdozu 1190.6±249.0 mg/gün olarak bulundu. Plazma lityum düzeyi ortalaması kış mevsiminde 0.75±0.12 mEq/L, yaz mevsiminde 0.83±0.12 mEq/L olarak tespit edildi (p=.003).Serum sodyum düzeyleri yaz aylarında 139.1±2.2 mEq/L ve kışaylarında 137.1±2.3 mEq/L olarak belirlendi (p=.001). Lityum ve sodyum düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki yaz ve kış mevsimlerindebelirgin değildi (sırasıyla p=0.55, r=0.12 ve p=0.49, r=0.14). Sonuç: Bu çalışma yaz ve kış mevsimleri karşılaştırıldığındalityum düzeylerind

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Cite This Article

ALTINBAS, K., BAKIM, B., KARAAHMET, E., ORAL, T. (2022). Lityum düzeylerinde kış indirimi: Mevsimsel döngüselliğin önemi. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni, Cilt: 23 - Sayı: 4, 315–319. https://ajindex.com/articles/574089

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