Journals / İran Çalışmaları Dergisi / 2021 / Cilt: 5 - Sayı: 2

The Spaces of Finance in Iran and Turkey at the beginning of the 20th Century: The Cases of Melli Bank, the Sepah Bank, Turkish Central Bank, and the Ziraat Bank

20. Yüzyıl Başında İran ve Türkiye’deki Finansal Mekanlar: Melli Bankası- Sepah Bankası- Türkiye Merkez Bankası ve Ziraat Bankası Örnekleri

Pages
393–425
Publication Date
2022-10-19
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

For this purpose, the case studies were selected among the significant financial buildings of the period such as Sepah Bank by Vartan Hovanessian, Melli Bank by Mohsen Foroughi, Turkish Central Bank by Clemens Holzmeister, and Ziraat Bank by Giulio Mongeri.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:After the complex socio-political environment of the 19th century, modernist and nationalist movements began to rise significantly at the beginning of the following century.
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Key Findings & Data:In Iran and Turkey, similar political and social circumstances caused these movements to operate boldly.
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Conclusion & Impact:For this purpose, the case studies were selected among the significant financial buildings of the period such as Sepah Bank by Vartan Hovanessian, Melli Bank by Mohsen Foroughi, Turkish Central Bank by Clemens Holzmeister, and Ziraat Bank by Giulio Mongeri.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Iran · Türkiye · Modernleşme

Abstract

After the complex socio-political environment of the 19th century, modernist and nationalist movements began to rise significantly at the beginning of the following century. In Iran and Turkey, similar political and social circumstances caused these movements to operate boldly. Various reforms initiated by national-cum-modern governments led by comparable leaders in both countries, started new chapters in different fields in their countries; architecture was among them. Financial reforms were one of these which brought the need for new financial buildings to symbolize the national power and economical independence. Therefore, in both countries, the most famous architects of the period were chosen to design the new style of financial buildings which were going to be the important examples of the modern architectural style combined with the nationalist approach. This study aims to examine the architecture of the 20th-century financial structures in Iran and Turkey, to obtain information about the architectural ideologies affected by nationalism and modernization in both countries during this period. For this purpose, the case studies were selected among the significant financial buildings of the period such as Sepah Bank by Vartan Hovanessian, Melli Bank by Mohsen Foroughi, Turkish Central Bank by Clemens Holzmeister, and Ziraat Bank by Giulio Mongeri.

Özet

19. yüzyıldaki karmaşık sosyo-politik ortamın ardından, modernist ve milliyetçi hareketler 20. yüzyılın başlarında dikkat çekici bir şekilde yükselmeye başlamıştır. Benzer siyasi ve sosyal koşullar bu hareketlerin İran ve Türkiye'yi de güçlü şekilde etkilemesine neden olmuştur. Her iki ülkede de benzer karakterdeki liderler tarafından yönetilen modernist-ulusal hükümetlerce başlatılan çeşitli reformlar, aralarında mimarlığın da bulunduğu farklı alanlarda yeni açılımlar yaratmıştır. Ulusal gücü ve ekonomik bağımsızlığı simgeleyecek yeni yapılara olan ihtiyacı beraberinde getiren ekonomi alanındaki reformlar da bunlardan biridir. Bu nedenle, her iki ülkede de milli yaklaşımlarla birleştirilen modern mimari üslubun önemli örnekleri olacak olan finansal yapıların bu yeni mimari tarzını tasarlamak için dönemin en ünlü mimarları seçilmiştir. Bu çalışma, İran ve Türkiye'deki 20. yüzyıl finansal yapılarının mimarisini incelemeyi, bu dönemde her iki ülkede de milliyetçilik ve modernleşmeden etkilenen mimari ideolojiler hakkında bilgi edinmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla, dönemin önemli banka yapılarından olan Vartan Hovanessian tarafından tasarlanan Sepah Bankaları, Mohsen Foroughi tarafından tasarlanan Melli Bankaları, Clemens Holzmeister tarafından tasarlanan Merkez Bankası Binası ve Giulio Mongeri tarafından tasarlanan Ziraat Bankaları incelenmek üzere örnek olarak seçilmiştir.

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Cite This Article

Maragheh, F. G., Örmecioğlu, H. T. (2022). The Spaces of Finance in Iran and Turkey at the beginning of the 20th Century: The Cases of Melli Bank, the Sepah Bank, Turkish Central Bank, and the Ziraat Bank. İran Çalışmaları Dergisi, Cilt: 5 - Sayı: 2, 393–425. https://ajindex.com/articles/550262

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