SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi / 2019 / Cilt: 60 - Sayı: 2

A Reading of Christianity through the Conception of Natural Religion: John Toland’s Understanding of God, Religion, and Revelation

Doğal Din Tasavvuru Üzerinden Hıristiyanlık Okuması: John Toland’ın Tanrı, Din ve Vahiy Anlayışı

Meryem KARDAŞ
Pages
355–377
Publication Date
2019-11-30
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

By surveying Toland's views on God, religion, and revelation, this study will examine Toland's evaluation of the traditional structure of Christianity through the prism of his notion of natural religion.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:One of the critical issues in the philosophy of Enlightenment was the leap from natural philosophy to science.
📊
Key Findings & Data:As a result of the quest to uncover the mathematical principles of natural philosophy, which was identified with Newton in the 17th century, the view toward God, universe, and mankind also changed.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:By surveying Toland's views on God, religion, and revelation, this study will examine Toland's evaluation of the traditional structure of Christianity through the prism of his notion of natural religion.
🔬Design:Survey & Empirical Study
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:John Toland · Deizm · Doğal Din

Abstract

One of the critical issues in the philosophy of Enlightenment was the leap from natural philosophy to science. As a result of the quest to uncover the mathematical principles of natural philosophy, which was identified with Newton in the 17th century, the view toward God, universe, and mankind also changed. In this process, attempts to harmonize Christianity with reason and nature were increased. The wish to have a religion in harmony with nature and reason gave way to different interpretations within Christianity described as religious rationalists. In this period, moreover, there emerged "natural religion" discourse, mainly advocated by deists. John Toland, who distinguished himself with his intellectual profile and many works and whose ideas were closely followed, also defended the concept of natural religion. By surveying Toland's views on God, religion, and revelation, this study will examine Toland's evaluation of the traditional structure of Christianity through the prism of his notion of natural religion.

Özet

Bugün “Aydınlanma” olarak nitelendirdiğimiz 18. yüzyıl Batı düşüncesine temel karakteristiğini veren hususlardan biri doğa felsefesinden “bilime” doğru yaşanan sıçramadır. 17. yüzyılda Newton’la özdeşleşen doğa felsefesinin matematiksel yasalarının tespitine yönelik teşebbüsle Tanrı’ya, evrene ve insana yönelik bakış açısı da değişmiştir. Bu süreçte Hıristiyanlığın akıl ve doğa ile uyumlu hale getirilme çabalarının arttığı görülür. Doğa ve akıl ile uyumlu din arzusu Hıristiyanlık içerisinde dinî rasyonalistler başlığı altında değerlendirilen çeşitli yaklaşımlar doğurmuştur. Bu dönemde ayrıca ağırlıklı olarak deistler tarafından dile getirilen “doğal din” söylemi ile karşılaşılır. Yaşadığı zaman diliminde entelektüel kimliği ve çok sayıda eseriyle fikirleri takip edilmiş bir isim olan John Toland da doğal din anlayışını savunanlardan biridir. Bu çalışmada Tanrı, din ve vahiy hakkındaki görüşlerinden hareketle, Toland’ın sahip olduğu doğal din perspektifi açısından Hıristiyanlığın geleneksel yapısına yönelik değerlendirmeleri ele alınacaktır.

🔖

Cite This Article

KARDAŞ, M. (2019). A Reading of Christianity through the Conception of Natural Religion: John Toland’s Understanding of God, Religion, and Revelation. Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 60 - Sayı: 2, 355–377. https://ajindex.com/articles/489591

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (17)

  1. [Aquinas, Thomas]. The Summa Contra Gentiles of Saint Thomas Aquinas. İng. terc. The English Dominican Fathers. Londra: Burns Oates & Washburne Ltd., 1924.
  2. Bradlaugh, Charles. Biographies of Ancient and Modern Celebrated Freethinkers. Boston: J. P. Mednum, 1858. Bredin, Hugh. “No Man’s Follower: John Toland,” The Maynooth Review 12 (1985), ss.13-23.
  3. Byrne, Peter. Natural Religion and the Nature of Religion: The Legacy of Deism. Londra: Routledge, 2013.
  4. Champion, Justin. Republican Learning: John Toland and the Crisis of Christian Culture (1696-1722). Manchester & New York: Manchester University Press, 2003.
  5. Daniel, Stephen H. John Toland: His Methods, Manners, and Mind. Montreal: McGillQueen’s University Press, 1984. Des Maizeaux. The Miscellaneous Works of Mr. John Toland. Londra, 1747. Doko, Enis. Dahi ve Dindar Isaac Newton. İstanbul: İstanbul Yayınevi, 2011.
  6. East, Katherine A. “Superstitionis Malleus: John Toland, Cicero, and the War on Priestcraft in Early Enlightenment England,” History of European Ideas 40:7 (2014), ss.965-983.
  7. Gerrish, B. A. “Natural and Revealed Religion,” Knud Haakonssen (ed.), The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Philosophy (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006) içinde, ss.641-665.
  8. Gündüz, Şinasi. Din ve İnanç Sözlüğü. Ankara: Vadi Yayınları, 1998.
  9. Hazard, Paul. Batı Düşüncesindeki Büyük Değişme. Terc. Erol Güngör. İstanbul: Ötüken, 1994.
  10. Heinemann, F. H. “John Toland and the Age of Enlightenment,” The Review of English Studies 20:78 (1944), ss.125-146.
  11. Hefelbower, S. G. “Deism Historically Defined,” The American Journal of Theology 24:2 (1920), ss.217-223.
  12. Hefelbower, S. G. The Relation of John Locke to English Deism. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1918.
  13. Howard, Sir Robert. The History of Religion. Londra, 1694. Hudson, Wayne. The English Deists. Londra: Pickering & Chatto Publishing, 2009.
  14. Jacob, Margaret Candee. “John Toland and the Newtonian Ideology,” Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 32 (1969), ss.307-331.
  15. Kar, Sait. “John Toland’ın Din Felsefesi Üzerine Bir İnceleme,” Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi, Atatürk Üniversitesi, Erzurum, 2014.
  16. Lange, Friedrich A. Materyalizmin Tarihi ve Günümüzdeki Anlamının Eleştirisi. Terc. Ahmet Arslan. İstanbul: Sosyal Yayınları, 1998.
  17. Leland, John. A View of the Principle Deistical Writers that have Appeared in England in the Last and Present Century. Londra: W. Baynes, 1808. Lucci, Diego ve Jeffrey R. Wigelsworth. “‘God Does Not Act Arbitrarily, or Interpos