Journals / Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi / 2004 / Cilt: 51 - Sayı: 3

Staphylococcal enterotoxins

Stafilokokal enterotoksinler

Pages
239–245
Publication Date
2022-10-12
DOI
—
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

More studies are needed to answer the questions regarding the activities of SEs both as enterotoxigenic and as superantigens.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Staphylococcal food intoxication is one of the most common types of foodborne disease around the world.
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Key Findings & Data:SEs are single polypeptides of approximately 26 to 31 kDa.
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Conclusion & Impact:More studies are needed to answer the questions regarding the activities of SEs both as enterotoxigenic and as superantigens.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Staphylococcal food intoxication is one of the most common types of foodborne disease around the world. Staphylococcal food poisoning results from the ingestion of food containing preformed staphylococcal enterotoxins produced by the enterotoxigenic staphylococci mainly Staphylococcus aureus. The bacterium is most prevalent in protein rich foods of animal origin such as meat, poultry, fish and milk products. Enterotoxigenic strains of staphylococci have been extensively characterized based on genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. SEs are single polypeptides of approximately 26 to 31 kDa. SEs have been divided into 5 major serological types (SEA through SEE) on the basis of their antigenic properties. In recent years new types of SEs (SEG, SEH, SEI, SEJ, SEK, SEL, SEM,SEN, and SEO) have been also identified. However, little is known about relationship between the new SEs and foodborne intoxication at present. Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) function both as potent gastrointestinal toxins as well as superantigens that stimulate non-specific T-cell proliferation. The intoxication generally is not lethal and the elderly are more susceptible than younger individuals. SEA is the enterotoxin most frequently associated with staphylococcal foodborne outbreaks followed by SED. The amount of enterotoxin necessary to cause intoxication is very small about 94-184 ng. SEs are resistant to inactivation by gastrointestinal proteolytic enzymes, such as trypsin and pepsin. The enterotoxins are quite heat resistant and the heat stability is very important property of SEs in terms of food poisoning. The SEA is produced throughout the log phase, while SEB, SEC, and SED are produced primarily during the transition from the exponential to the stationary phases of growth. Expression of SEB, SEC, and SED is affected by accessory gene regulator (agr), while SEA expressed simultaneously with the a70-like factor. Current methods for detection of the identified enterotoxins are based on the reaction between the enterotoxins and specific antibodies. More studies are needed to answer the questions regarding the activities of SEs both as enterotoxigenic and as superantigens.

Özet

Stafilokokal gıda zehirlenmeleri başta Staphylococcus aureus olmak üzere enterotoksijenik stafilokoklar tarafından gıdalarda oluşturulan enterotoksinlerin alınması sonucu şekillenen ve tüm dünyada yaygın olarak görülen en önemli intoksikasyonlardan biridir. Enterotoksijenik stafılokoklar en fazla kırmızı et, kanatlı eti, balık eti ve ürünleri ile süt ve ürünleri gibi proteince zengin hayvansal gıdalarda bulunur. Enterotoksijenik stafılokoklar genotipik ve fenotipik özellikleri temel alınarak karakterize edilmişlerdir. Stafilokokal enterotoksinler (SE) yaklaşık 26-31 kDa'luk tekli polipeptidlerdir. SE'ler antijenik özellikleri temel alınarak 5 büyük serolojik tipe (SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, SEE) ayrılmıştır. Son yıllarda SE'lerin yeni tiplerinin de var olduğu (SEG, SEH, SEI, SEJ, SEK, SEL, SEM, SEN ve SEO) bildirilmiş ancak bu enterotoksinlerin gıda zehirlenmeleri ile ilişkileri henüz tam olarak açıklığa kavuşturulamamıştır. SE'lerin spesifik olmayan T hücre proliferasyonunu uyaran süperantijen fonksiyonlarının yanı sıra güçlü gastrointestinal toksin olma özellikleri de vardır. SE'lerin ısıya ve tripsin, pepsin gibi gastrointestinal enzimlere dirençli olmaları en önemli özelliklerinden biridir. SEA Stafilokokal gıda zehirlenmelerinde en sık rastlanan enterotoksindir ve bunu SED izlemektedir. İntoksikasyonun oluşabilmesi için 94-184 ng enterotoksinin alınması yeterlidir. SEA hücrenin logaritmik fazında üretilmekte ve a70 benzeri bir faktörden etkilenmekte bunun yanısıra SEB, SEÇ ve SED çoğunlukla eksponensiyal fazdan durgunluk fazına geçiş aşamasında üretilip accessory gene regulator (agr) tarafından regüle edilmektedir. SE'lerin enterotoksijenik ve süperantijenik aktivitelerinin açıklığa kavuşturulması için daha çok çalışmaya gereksinim duyulmaktadır.

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Cite This Article

EROL, İ., İŞERİ, Ö. (2022). Staphylococcal enterotoxins. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 51 - Sayı: 3, 239–245. https://ajindex.com/articles/445245

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