Journals / Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası / 2019 / Cilt: 72 - Sayı: 3

Immune Checkpoints and Inhibitors

İmmün Denetim Noktaları ve İnhibitörleri

Pages
262–267
Publication Date
2022-10-10
DOI
—
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In this review, receptors that function as immunological checkpoints, as well as the drugs targeting them, are described

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Antigen-specific T cells encountering and responding to tumor cells are regulated by a variety of mechanisms including inhibitory receptors and regulatory T cells to prevent overexposure immune responses.
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Key Findings & Data:These agents are antibody-based treatments targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4, programmed cell death-1 and programmed cell death ligand-1.
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Conclusion & Impact:In this review, receptors that function as immunological checkpoints, as well as the drugs targeting them, are described
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Antigen-specific T cells encountering and responding to tumor cells are regulated by a variety of mechanisms including inhibitory receptors and regulatory T cells to prevent overexposure immune responses. These regulatory mechanisms, so called ‘‘immune checkpoints’’, suppress T cell response. Thus, it prevents tissue damage and the development of autoimmunity by preventing an excessive immune response. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are increasingly used in clinical practice and have become part of the standard treatment approach for the treatment of various tumor types. These agents are antibody-based treatments targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4, programmed cell death-1 and programmed cell death ligand-1. They have been used in the treatment of melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and some other tumor types. The incidence of toxicities has expanded with increasing clinical use. The side effects resulting from the immunological effects of these treatments are called ‘‘immune-related adverse events’’ and affect many organs in a wide spectrum, unlike conventional chemotherapy side effects. In order to understand the mechanisms of action and side effects of these therapies, which are more frequently encountered in clinical practice, it is necessary to understand immune checkpoints and inhibitors. In this review, receptors that function as immunological checkpoints, as well as the drugs targeting them, are described

Özet

Tümör hücreleri ile karşılaşan ve yanıt oluşturan antijen spesifik T hücreleri, aşırıya kaçan immün yanıtları önlemek için inhibitör reseptörler veregülatuar T hücreleri olmak üzere çeşitli mekanizmalar tarafından düzenlenir. ‘‘İmmün denetim noktaları’’ olarak adlandırılan bu düzenleyicimekanizmalar, T hücre yanıtını baskılar. Böylece aşırıya kaçan immün yanıtı engelleyerek doku hasarı ve otoimmünite gelişimini önler. İmmündenetim noktası inhibitörleri klinik pratikte giderek daha fazla kullanılmaktadır ve çeşitli tümör tiplerinin tedavisinde standart tedavi yaklaşımınınbir parçası haline gelmiştir. Bu ajanlar sitotoksik T-lenfosit antijeni 4’ü, programlanmış hücre ölümü 1’i ve programlanmış hücre ölümü ligandınıhedef alan antikor bazlı tedavilerdir. Melanom, renal hücreli karsinom, küçük hücreli dışı akciğer kanseri ve diğer bazı tümör tiplerinin tedavisindekullanılmaktadır. Klinik kullanımlarının artmasıyla, toksisitelerinin görülme sıklığı da artış göstermiştir. Bu tedavilerin immünolojik etkilerinin birsonucu olarak ortaya çıkan yan etkiler ‘‘immün ilişkili advers olaylar’’ olarak adlandırılır ve birçok organı alışılmış kemoterapi yan etkilerinden farklıolarak geniş bir spektrumda etkilemektedir. Klinik pratikte daha sık karşılaşmaya başladığımız bu tedavilerin etki mekanizmalarını ve yan etkilerinianlayabilmek için immün denetim noktaları ve inhibitörlerinin anlaşılması gereklidir. Bu derlemede immün denetim noktaları olarak işlev görenreseptörler ve onları hedef alan ilaçlardan bahsedilmiştir

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Cite This Article

AKSU, Ö. B., ŞENGÜL, Ş. (2022). Immune Checkpoints and Inhibitors. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, Cilt: 72 - Sayı: 3, 262–267. https://ajindex.com/articles/443986

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