Journals / Gıda / 2009 / Cilt: 34 - Sayı: 6

Classification of Various Milk Products Manufactured in Thrace Region of Turkey Based on their Nitrate and Nitrite Contents Using Chemometric Methods (Turkish with English Abstract)

Trakya Bölgesinde Üretilen Çeşitli Süt Ürünlerinin Nitrat ve Nitrit Düzeylerine Göre Kemometrik Yöntemlerle Sınıflandırılması

Journal
Gıda
Pages
387–394
Publication Date
2009-12-01
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In addition, PCA results showed that the first principal component (PC1) and the second principal component (PC2) explained 83.04% and 16.96% of the total variance, respectively for the entire milk product samples originated from Thrace region.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:In this study the amounts of nitrate and nitrite in white cheese (n=28), kashar cheese (n=19), produced cheese (n=1), yoghurt (n=16), raw milk (n= 5) and pasteurized-sterilized milk (n=7) manufactured in Thrace region, which has an important region in production of milk products of Turkey, were determined.
📊
Key Findings & Data:The levels of nitrates and nitrites in food are accepted as an important parameter of environmental pollution.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:In addition, PCA results showed that the first principal component (PC1) and the second principal component (PC2) explained 83.04% and 16.96% of the total variance, respectively for the entire milk product samples originated from Thrace region.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Trakya · peynir · yoğurt

Abstract

In this study the amounts of nitrate and nitrite in white cheese (n=28), kashar cheese (n=19), produced cheese (n=1), yoghurt (n=16), raw milk (n= 5) and pasteurized-sterilized milk (n=7) manufactured in Thrace region, which has an important region in production of milk products of Turkey, were determined. The results were used to classify the samples according to the geographical origin using chemometric methods, namely Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA). The levels of nitrates and nitrites in food are accepted as an important parameter of environmental pollution. It was observed that 11.11% of white cheese, 21.05% of kashar cheese, 18.75% of yoghurt and 25% of drinking milk samples did not contain nitrates. On the other hand, no significant amount of nitrites were found in 51.85%of white cheese, 31.58% of kashar cheese, 6.25% of yoghurt and all of the drinking milk samples. In addition, PCA results showed that the first principal component (PC1) and the second principal component (PC2) explained 83.04% and 16.96% of the total variance, respectively for the entire milk product samples originated from Thrace region. Based on the HCA results, the milk product samples were separated and classified into three main groups according to their geographical origins.

Özet

Bu araştırma ile Türkiye süt ürünleri üretiminde önemli bir yeri olan Trakya Bölgesinde iki üretim yılı süresince üretilen beyaz peynir (28 adet), kaşar (19 adet), eritme peyniri (1 adet), yoğurt (16 adet), çiğ süt (5 adet) ve pastörize-steril (7 adet) sütlerdeki nitrat ve nitrit miktarları tespit edilmiş ve bulunan sonuçlar kemometrik yöntemler (Temel Bileşenler [PCA] ve Kümeleme [HCA] Analizleri) yardımıyla yörelere göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Gıdalarda bulunan nitrat ve nitrit düzeyleri, çevresel kirliliğin önemli bir parametresi olarak kabul edilmektedir. Beyaz peynirlerin (% 11.11)’i nitrat, (% 51.85)’i nitrit, kaşarların (% 21.05)’i nitrat ve (%31.58)’i nitrit, yoğurtların (%18.75)’i nitrat ve (%6.25)’i nitrit ve süt örneklerinin de (%25)’i nitrat ve tamamının ise nitrit içermediği görülmüştür. Trakya Bölgesi orijinli süt ürünlerinin tamamına ilişkin birleştirilmiş temel bileşenler analizi (PCA) sonuçlarına göre, PC1’in %83,04 oranında ve PC2’nin de %16.96 oranında toplam varyansı açıkladığı gözlemlenmiştir. Kemometrik analizlerden Kümeleme (HCA) analizi sonuçları temelinde, süt ürünleri (beyaz peynir, kaşar, yoğurt ve süt) örnekleri orijinlerine göre üçer ana gruba ayrılmış ve sınıflanmıştır.

🔖

Cite This Article

DIRAMAN, H., ÖZDEMİR, D., GÜNDÜZ, H. H., DEMİRCİ, M. (2009). Classification of Various Milk Products Manufactured in Thrace Region of Turkey Based on their Nitrate and Nitrite Contents Using Chemometric Methods (Turkish with English Abstract). Gıda, Cilt: 34 - Sayı: 6, 387–394. https://ajindex.com/articles/39719

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (12)

  1. Glaeser H.1989. Use of nitrate in cheese production. Dairy Industries Int.54 (11), 19-23
  2. Dıraman H. 1993. Trakya Bölgesinde Üretilen Çeşitli Tip Peynirlerde Nitrit Aranması Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Gıda, 18 (5), 293 – 295
  3. Topçu AA, Saldamlı İ, Yurttagül M. 2006. Determination of nitrate and nitrite content of Turkish cheeses. Afr J Biotech, 5 (15),1411 – 1414
  4. Elias A, Elias P, Kiis A. 2005. The content of nitrates, nitrites and important groups of microorganisms in Edam-type cheeses. Agraarteadus, 16 (1), 3-15. www.eau.ee/~aps/pdf/20051/elias_ik.pdf (Accessed 20.11.2007)
  5. Walters CL,1991. Nitrate and nitrite in foods. In: Nitrates and Nitrites in Food and Water. Hill M (Eds), pp 93-108. Ellis Harwood Limited, Bodwin, Cornwall
  6. Seraphim KR, Siqueira MEPB. 2000. Nitratos e nitritos em queijos caseiros e industrializados comercializados na região sul de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición (ALAN) vol. 50 no.1. http://www.alanrevista.org/ediciones/2000 - 1 / nitratos _ nitritos _ queijos _ caseiros _ industrializados _ brasil. asp (Accessed 20.11.2007)
  7. Borneff J. 1971. Hygiene. Georg Thieme Verlag. Stuttgart 8. Anon 1997. Türk Gıda Kodeksi Yönetmeliği. T.C. Resmi Gazete 16 Kasım 1997 tarihli 23172 sayılı mükerrer. Ankara
  8. Anon 2002. Gıda Sanayi Envanteri 1994-1996-1998- 2000. TC.Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı Koruma ve Kontrol Genel Müdürlüğü. Ankara
  9. Pripp AH, Rehman S, McSweeney PLH., Fox PF.1999. Multivariate statistical analysis of peptide profiles and free amino acids to evaluate elects of single-strain starters on proteolysis in miniature Cheddar-type cheeses. Int Dairy J 9, 473-479
  10. Hannon JA, Wilkinson MG, Delahunty CM, Wallace JM, Morrissey PA, Beresford TP. 2005. Application of descriptive sensory analysis and key chemical indices to assess the impact of elevated ripening temperatures on the acceleration of Cheddar cheese ripening. Int Dairy J 15, 263–273 12. Iñón, FA, Garrigues S, Guardia M. 2004. Nutritional parameters of commercially available milk samples by FTIR and chemometric techniques. Anal Chim Acta. 513, 401–412
  11. Shintu L, Caldarelli S. 2006 Toward the Determination of the Geographical Origin of Emmental(er) Cheese via High Resolution MAS NMR: A Preliminary Investigation. J Agri Food Chem 54 (12), 4148 -4154
  12. Del Signore A, Di Diacomo F, Giaccio M. G.2004. Determinating the regional origin of cheeses with trace metal analysis using statistical classifiers. J Commodity Sci. 43