Journals / Toplum ve Hekim / 2020 / Cilt: 35 - Sayı: 5

History of Medical Education

TIP EĞİTİMİNİN TARİHÇESİ

Pages
352–370
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Strategies like problem-based learning or community-based/oriented education that have the potential to create positive changes in medical education require substantial investments and collaborations; and sustainability is directly af ected by national education and health policies.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Medical education has been directly inf uenced byscientific, political, economic and social developments throughout the ages.In the eras of Dogma (BC) and Empiricism, medical education could be attained according to social status.
📊
Key Findings & Data:The Report prepared by Flexner in 1910, wasn’t actually a beginning but a result of American Medical Association’s nearly 50 years of ef orts to make medicine “scientific”, and the goal was achieved by closure of many medical schools, including schools for women and African-Americans.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Strategies like problem-based learning or community-based/oriented education that have the potential to create positive changes in medical education require substantial investments and collaborations; and sustainability is directly af ected by national education and health policies.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Medical education has been directly inf uenced byscientific, political, economic and social developments throughout the ages.In the eras of Dogma (BC) and Empiricism, medical education could be attained according to social status. This tendency didn’t change during Enlightenment, only elites could benefit medical education. Content of education was inf uenced by sciencific perspective of the era based on linear causal relationship. The Report prepared by Flexner in 1910, wasn’t actually a beginning but a result of American Medical Association’s nearly 50 years of ef orts to make medicine “scientific”, and the goal was achieved by closure of many medical schools, including schools for women and African-Americans. Report’s recommendations on small group education or organic relations with community didn’t attract attention, and discipline-based education prevailed in medicine. Although currently medical schools’ social responsibilities are more on the agenda, dominant approaches are competencebased education, standardization, accreditation, which are based on outcome-driven production discourse. Numerous international or national reports on medical education have been published. Although reports were inspiring, expected change wasn’t easy. If any change happened, this wasn’t due to increase in resources allocation or the support of national and university administrators, but due to ef orts ofschool managers and faculty staf committed to their responsibilities for students and community, despite decreasing resources and resistance of other faculty members. Strategies like problem-based learning or community-based/oriented education that have the potential to create positive changes in medical education require substantial investments and collaborations; and sustainability is directly af ected by national education and health policies.

Özet

Tıp eğitimi çağlar boyunca, bilimsel, politik, ekonomik ve sosyal gelişmelerden doğrudan etkilenmiştir. Milattan önce başlayan Dogmaçağı ve izleyen Ampirik çağda tıp eğitimi sosyal statüye göre mümkün olabilmiştir. Aydınlanma çağında da bu durum değişmemiş,tıp eğitiminden sadece seçkinler yararlanabilmiştir. Eğitimin içeriği ise dönemin doğrusal neden-sonuç ilişkisi kurmaya dayanan bilimanlayışından etkilenmiştir. Flexner’in 1910’da hazırladığı rapor aslında bir başlangıç değil Amerikan Tabipler Birliği’nin tıbbı “bilimsel” hâlegetirmeye yönelik neredeyse 50 yıldır sürdürdüğü çabalarının bir sonucudur ve kadınların ve Afrikalı-Amerikalıların gidebildiği okullar baştaolmak üzere çok sayıda tıp fakültesinin kapatılmasıyla hedefe ulaşmıştır. Raporun küçük grup eğitimi ya da tıp fakülteleriyle toplum arasındaorganik ilişki gibi önerileri ilgi görmemiş, tıpta disiplin-temelli eğitim hâkim olmuştur. Günümüzde tıp fakültelerinin sosyal sorumluluklarıdaha çok gündeme gelse de, hâkim olan anlayış yeterliğe-dayalı eğitim, standardizasyon ve akreditasyon gibi sonuç-odaklı bir üretimsöylemine dayalı uygulamalardır. Tıp eğitimiyle ilgili uluslararası ya da ulusal çok sayıda rapor yayınlanmıştır. Raporlar ilham verici olsa dabeklenen değişim çok kolay olmamıştır. Değişiklik gerçekleşse bile, bu tıp eğitimine daha çok kaynak ayrılması ya da ulusal ve üniversitedekiyöneticilerin desteği sonucu değil, çoğu zaman kaynakların azalmasına ve diğer öğretim üyelerinin direncine rağmen. öğrencilere ve toplumakarşı sorumluluklarının farkında ve adanmış okul yöneticilerinin ve öğretim üyelerinin çabalarıyla gerçekleşebilmiştir.Tıp eğitiminde olumludeğişiklikler yaratma potansiyeline sahip probleme dayalı öğrenme, topluma-dayalı/yönelik eğitim gibi stratejiler ciddi yatırım ve işbirliklerigerektirir ve kalıcılığı ulusal eğitim ve sağlık politikalarından doğrudan etkilenir. .

🔖

Cite This Article

VATANSEVER, K. (2020). History of Medical Education. Toplum ve Hekim, Cilt: 35 - Sayı: 5, 352–370. https://ajindex.com/articles/367371

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (16)

  1. Anderson, B. M. (2000). A Guide to the 130 Reports in T is Snapshot, Academic Medicine, 75(9): Sx-Sxiv. Arıcı, D. S., Demir, M. A., & Gürpınar, E. (2020). Tıp Dekanları Konseyi Mezuniyet öncesi Ulusal Çekirdek Eğitim Programı. Galenos Yayınevi,
  2. İstanbul Bloom, S. W. (1988). Structure and Ideology in Medical Education: An Analysis of Resistance to Change. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 29: 294-306.
  3. Bonner, T. N. (1989). Abraham Flexner as Critic of British and Comtinentaş Medical Education. Medical History 33: 472-9.
  4. Bonner, T. N. (1990). T e German Model of Training Physicians in the United States, 1870-1914: How Closely was it Followed? Bulletin of History of Medicine 64: 18-34
  5. Bonner, T. N. (2000). Becoming a physician: medical education in Britain, France, Germany, and the United States 1750-1945 (1st Ed.), Baltimore: JHU Press.
  6. Boyd, V. A., Whitehead, C. R., T ille, P., Ginsburg, S., Brydges, R., & Kuper, A. (2018). Competency-based medical education: the discourse of infallibility, Medical Education, 52(1): 45–57.
  7. Brauer, D. G., & Ferguson, K. J. (2015). T e integrated curriculum in medical education: AMEE Guide No. 96, Medical Teacher, 37(4): 312–322.
  8. Brint, S. (2006). Saving the Soul of Professionalism: Friedson’s Instiiuionalism Ethics and Defence of Professional Autonomy. Knowledge, Work and Society, 4(2): 100–129.
  9. Brown, E. R. (1980). Rockefeller medicine men: medicine and capitalism in America. Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  10. Civaner, M. M., Balcioglu, H., & Vatansever, K. (2009). Medical Students’ Opinions About the Commercialization of Healthcare: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 14(5): 713–724.
  11. Clark, J. (2005). Education and debate Five futures for academic medicine: the ICRAM scenarios. British Medical Journal, 331: 101–107.
  12. Couper, I. D., & Worley, P. S. (2010). Evaluation of the Parallel Rural Community Curriculum at Flinders University, South Australia: Lessons learnt for Africa. African Journal of Health Professions Education, 2(2): 14-6
  13. Cueto, M. (2004). T e origins of “primary” care and “selective” care. American Journal of Public Health, 34(11): 1863–1874.
  14. Day, S. H., & Nasca, T. J. (2019). ACGME International: T e First 10 Years. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 11(4), 5–9.
  15. Drake, R. L. (2014, March). A retrospective and prospective look at medical education in the United States: Trends shaping anatomical sciences education. Journal of Anatomy, 224 (3): 256–60.
  16. Dunn, T. A.