Journals / Toplum ve Hekim / 2020 / Cilt: 35 - Sayı: 1

A New Period in Climate Policies: Paris Agreement and Rights-Based Approach

İKLİM POLİTİKALARINDA YENİ DÖNEM: PARİS ANLAŞMASI VE HAK TEMELLİ YAKLAŞIM

Pages
37–45
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

These principles stated in the preamble of the Agreement are significant in making the rights-based approach encompassing human rights to rights of nature as the major guide in international climate regime in coming years from gender to the rights of indigenous peoples, from participation to health

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:The Paris Agreement was adopted in 2015 as a result of international negotiations on climate going on for a quarter of a century since 1990 which had its ups and downs.
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Key Findings & Data:Nevertheless, the Agreement still presents significant opportunities to combat climate change as a rights-based international instrument with its specific objective.
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Conclusion & Impact:These principles stated in the preamble of the Agreement are significant in making the rights-based approach encompassing human rights to rights of nature as the major guide in international climate regime in coming years from gender to the rights of indigenous peoples, from participation to health
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:2015 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

The Paris Agreement was adopted in 2015 as a result of international negotiations on climate going on for a quarter of a century since 1990 which had its ups and downs. Largely dif ering from the Kyoto Protocol that shaped the first period of international climate policies, the Paris Agreement is insuf icient, as it is today, in combating climate change. Nevertheless, the Agreement still presents significant opportunities to combat climate change as a rights-based international instrument with its specific objective. The most important novelty introduced by the Agreement, unlike the top-to-bottom approach of the Kyoto Protocol that obliged limited number of countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emission for a limited period of time, is its bottom-to-top and universal approach where countries voluntarily determine their goals in reduction and where all countries have their obligations to fulfil. However, the Paris Agreement still introduces a climate regime which is less binding and seems to be open to voluntary contributions of countries. The Agreement also introduces a rights-based framework. In the preamble of the Agreement it is stated that combat against climate change must pay due attention to human rights, right to health; rights of indigenous peoples, local communities, migrants, children, the disabled and disadvantaged groups; right to development, gender equality, women’s empowerment, inter-generational justice, ecosystem integrity, protection of mother earth and biodiversity and climate justice. These are the principles that set the spirit of the Paris Agreement with the contribution of such civil society activists as local communities, women’s organizations, youth and environment organizations that followed negotiations with less developed countries. These principles stated in the preamble of the Agreement are significant in making the rights-based approach encompassing human rights to rights of nature as the major guide in international climate regime in coming years from gender to the rights of indigenous peoples, from participation to health

Özet

Paris Anlaşması, 1990’da başlayan ve çeyrek yüzyıl süren inişli çıkışlı uluslararası iklim müzakerelerinin sonucu olarak 2015 yılında kabuledilmiştir. Uluslararası iklim politikalarının ilk dönemini belirleyen Kyoto Protokolü’nden büyük ölçüde farklılıklar gösteren Paris Anlaşmasıbugünkü haliyle uygulanması halinde iklim değişikliğiyle mücadele için son derece yetersizdir. Öte yandan Paris Anlaşması hedefi bellive hak temelli bir uluslararası hukuk metni olarak iklim değişikliğiyle mücadeleye büyük olanaklar sunmaktadır. Anlaşmanın getirdiği enönemli yenilik biri Kyoto Protokolü’nün sınırlı sayıda ülkeye sınırlı bir süre için sera gazı emisyonları azaltım yükümlülüğü veren yukarıdanaşağı yapısının aksine, anlaşmada belirtilen uzun vadeli küresel sıcaklık artışı sınırına dayanması gereken azaltım yükümlülüklerinin ülkelertarafından belirlendiği aşağıdan yukarı bir yapıya sahip olması ve bütün ülkeleri yükümlülük altına alan evrensel yapısıdır. Ancak ParisAnlaşması yine bu yapısı nedeniyle daha az bağlayıcı, ülkelerin gönüllü katkılarına açık görünen bir iklim rejimi kurmuştur. Paris Anlaşmasınınayrıca hak temelli bir çerçeve kurmuştur. Giriş bölümünde iklim değişikliğiyle mücadelenin insan hakları, sağlık hakkı, yerli halkların, yereltoplulukların, göçmenlerin, çocukların, engellilerin ve hassas durumdaki kişilerin hakları, kalkınma hakkı, cinsiyetler arası eşitlik, kadınlarıngüçlendirilmesi, kuşaklar arası adalet, ekosistem bütünlüğü, Toprak Ana’nın ve biyoçeşitliliğin korunması ve iklim adaleti gözetilerekyürütülmesi gerektiği belirtilmektedir. Az gelişmiş ülkelerle müzakereleri izleyen yerli topluluklar, kadın örgütleri, gençlik ve çevre örgütlerigibi sivil toplum aktivistlerinin katkısıyla Paris Anlaşması’nın ruhunu belirleyen Giriş bölümünde yer verilen bu ilkeler sayesinde önümüzdekiyıllarda verilecek mücadele toplumsal cinsiyetten yerli haklarına, katılımdan sağlığa kadar insan ve doğa haklarını ve genel anlamda haktemelli yaklaşımı uluslararası iklim rejiminin asıl kılavuzu haline getirmekte büyük önem taşıyacaktır.

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Cite This Article

ŞAHİN, Ü. (2020). A New Period in Climate Policies: Paris Agreement and Rights-Based Approach. Toplum ve Hekim, Cilt: 35 - Sayı: 1, 37–45. https://ajindex.com/articles/367354

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