Journals / Şişli Etfal Hastanesi Tıp Bülteni / 2016 / Cilt: 50 - Sayı: 3

Primer Hiperparatiroidi: Klinik ve biyokimyasal bulguların güncel durumu

Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Current Situation in the Clinical and Biochemical Presentation

Pages
171–180
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Patients without complications at the time of diagnosis could be monitored for disease progression.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Primary hyperparathyroidism: Current situation in the clinical and biochemical presentation Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is the third most common endocrine disease and the most common cause of outpatient hypercalcemia.
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Key Findings & Data:The term "mild pHPT" has been interpreted in many different ways over the past 30 years.
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Conclusion & Impact:Patients without complications at the time of diagnosis could be monitored for disease progression.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:2008 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Primary hyperparathyroidism: Current situation in the clinical and biochemical presentation Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is the third most common endocrine disease and the most common cause of outpatient hypercalcemia. Historically, most patients presented with overt symptoms and signs of pHPT. With the advent and widespread use of automated blood analyzers, currently the majority of patients are diagnosed through routine biochemical laboratory testing done for other aims. The majority of patients are minimally symptomatic or asymptomatic. The clinical presentation of pHPT varies from asymptomatic disease to classic symptomatic disease in which renal and/or skeletal complications are observed. The term "mild pHPT" has been interpreted in many different ways over the past 30 years. Mild pHPT was clearly defined as a disease in asymptomatic patients who do not meet surgical criteria set out by the updated International Guidelines. Normocalcemic pHPT was first defined formally at the time of the ''Third International Workshop on the Management of Asymptomatic pHPT'' in 2008. Normocalcemic pHPT, a variant of the traditional hypercalcemic presentation of pHPT, is characterized by consistently elevated PTH concentrations with normal total and ionized serum calcium (Ca) concentration in the absence of secondary causes for elevated PTH concentrations. Primary hyperparathyroidism may present as classic pHPT (in which both Ca and PTH are high), nonclassic (normohormonal or nonsuprese) pHPT (in which Ca is high and PTH is normal), normocalcemic pHPT (in which Ca is normal and PTH is high) biochemically. The only curative therapy for pHPT is parathyroidectomy. Parathyroidectomy is clearly indicated in all symptomatic patients. ''Fourth International Workshop on the Management of Asymptomatic pHPT'' had been performed in 2013. Surgical indications for pHPT are determined according to the age, Ca level, skeletal and renal findings. In some patients with asymptomatic disease, surgery is not mandatory. On the other hand, even in these patients who don't meet any criteria for parathyroidectomy, surgery is always an option because it is the only exact treatment for pHPT. The optimal treatment strategy for patients with normocalcemic pHPT has not yet been proved. Experts advise that patients be referred for parathyroidectomy if they have or progress complications of pHPT such as osteoporosis, fragility fractures or kidney stones, even if normocalcemia continues. Patients without complications at the time of diagnosis could be monitored for disease progression.

Özet

Primer Hiperparatiroidi: Klinik ve biyokimyasal bulguların güncel durumuPrimer hiperparatiroidizm (pHPT) en sık 3. endokrin hastalıktır ve ayaktan hastalarda hiperkalseminin en sık sebebidir. Geçmişte hastaların çoğu belirgin pHPT semptom ve bulguları ile başvurmaktaydılar. Otomatik kan analizörlerinin gelişmesi ve yaygın kullanılması ile günümüzde hastaların büyük bölümü diğer nedenlerle yapılan rutin biyokimyasal testlerle teşhis edilmektedir. Hastaların çoğunluğu minimal semptomatik veya asemptomatiktir. pHPT'nin klinik prezentasyonu, asemptomatik hastalıktan renal ve iskelet komplikasyonlarının gözlendiği semptomatik hastalığa kadar değişir. Hafif pHPT terimi 30 yıldır birçok farklı durum için kullanılmıştır. Hafif pHPT terimi net olarak, güncellenen uluslararası kılavuzlara göre cerrahi endikasyonu olmayan asemptomatik hastaları belirtmek için tanımlanmıştır. Normokalsemik pHPT ilk olarak 2008'de asemptomatik pHPT'nin tedavisi ile ilgili düzenlenen 3. uluslararası çalıştayda resmen kabul edilmiştir. Normokalsemik pHPT klasik hiperkalsemik pHPT'nin bir varyantıdır. Normokalsemik pHPT paratiroid hormon (PTH) artışına neden olabilecek sekonder bir sebep olmaksızın, normal iyonize ve total kalsiyum (Ca) düzeyleri ile birlikte yüksek PTH düzeyi ile karakterizedir. pHPT biyokimyasal olarak klasik pHPT (hem Ca hem PTH yüksek), nonklasik (normohormonal veya nonsuprese) pHPT (yüksek Ca, normal PTH), normokalsemik pHPT (normal Ca, yüksek PTH) olarak prezente olabilir. pHPT'nin tek küratif tedavisi cerrahidir. Paratiroidektomi bütün semptomatik hastalarda endikedir. Asemptomatik pHPT'nin tedavisi ile ilgili 4. uluslararası çalıştay 2013'te yapıldı. pHPT'nin cerrahi endikasyonları yaş, Ca düzeyi, iskelet ve böbrek bulgularına göre belirlenir. Bazı asemptomatik hastalarda cerrahi zorunlu değildir. Diğer yandan, paratiroidektomi için cerrahi kriterleri olmayan bu hastalarda bile cerrahi daima bir seçenektir. Çünkü cerrahi, pHPT'nin tek kesin tedavisidir. Normokalsemik pHPT'li hastaların optimal tedavi stratejisi halen ortaya koyulamamıştır. Bu konunun deneyimli uzmanları Ca düzeyi normal devam etse bile osteoporoz, fraktür, böbrek taşı gibi pHPT kopmplikasyonlarının varlığında veya bunların ortaya çıkmasında cerrahi önermektedirler. Tanı anında komplikasyonsuz hastalar hastalık ilerlemesi için takip edilebilir.

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Cite This Article

AYGÜN, N., ULUDAĞ, M. (2016). Primer Hiperparatiroidi: Klinik ve biyokimyasal bulguların güncel durumu. Şişli Etfal Hastanesi Tıp Bülteni, Cilt: 50 - Sayı: 3, 171–180. https://ajindex.com/articles/364143

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