Journals / Literatür Eczacılık Bilimleri Dergisi / 2021 / Cilt: 10 - Sayı: 2

The Assessment of Multiple Organ Involvement Due to SARS-CoV-2: Traditional Review

SARS-CoV-2’ye Bağlı Organ Tutulumlarının Değerlendirilmesi: Geleneksel Derleme

Pages
223–230
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In this review, the mechanisms that cause multiple organ involvement caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection are discussed.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Although severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection appears as a respiratory tract disease transmitted through droplets, multiple organ involvements have also been observed in organs other than the respiratory tract in infected patients.
📊
Key Findings & Data:This has been associated with SARS CoV-2’s use of angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptors to enter the spike protein into cells.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:In this review, the mechanisms that cause multiple organ involvement caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection are discussed.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Although severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection appears as a respiratory tract disease transmitted through droplets, multiple organ involvements have also been observed in organs other than the respiratory tract in infected patients. This has been associated with SARS CoV-2’s use of angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptors to enter the spike protein into cells. ACE-2 expression is known to occur in the lung, heart, testis, small intestine, thyroid, kidney and a small amount of the brain. Based on this information, research has focused on the effects of ACE-2 expression on other organs and systems in SARSCoV-2 infection. It has been suggested that pro-inflammatory responses and increase in ACE-2 expression during the infection process lead to multi-organ involvement. Multiple organ involvement in seriously ill patients prolongs the duration of hospital stay and causes an increase in mortality rates. Heart failure, kidney failure, cytokine storm, coagulation disorders and organ failure due to SARS-CoV-2 infection accelerate death. While determining the treatment strategies of SARS-CoV-2 infection, it is important to know the mechanisms underlying multiple organ damage in terms of improving the disease prognosis. In this review, the mechanisms that cause multiple organ involvement caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection are discussed.

Özet

Şiddetli akut solunum yolu sendromu-koronavirüs-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)] enfeksiyonu damlacık yoluyla bulaşan bir solunum yolu hastalığı olarak ortaya çıkmasına rağmen, enfekte olan hastalarda solunum yolu dışındaki organlarda da çoklu organ tutulumları gözlenmiştir. Bu durum, SARSCoV-2’nin spike proteinin hücrelere girişi için anjiyotensin dönüştürücü enzim-2 [angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2)] reseptörlerini kullanmasıyla ilişkilendirilmiştir. ACE-2 ekspresyonunun; akciğer, kalp, testis, ince bağırsak, tiroid, böbrek ve az miktarda beyinde olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu bilgiye dayanarak araştırmalar, SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonunda ACE-2 ekspresyonunun diğer organ ve sistemler üzerindekietkilerine yoğunlaşmıştır. Enfeksiyon sürecinde proinflamatuar yanıtların ve ACE-2 ekspresyonundaki artışın çoklu organ tutulumuna yol açtığı öne sürülmüştür. Ağır hastalardaki çoklu organ tutulumları hastanede kalış süresini uzatmakta ve ölüm oranlarının artmasına sebep olmaktadır. SAR-CoV-2 enfeksiyonuna bağlı gelişen kalp yetersizliği, böbrek yetersizliği, sitokin fırtınası, pıhtılaşma bozuklukları ve organ yetersizlikleri ölümü hızlandırmaktadır. SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonunun tedavi stratejileri belirlenirken çoklu organ hasarının altında yatan mekanizmaların bilinmesi, hastalık prognozunun iyileştirilmesi açısından önem taşımaktadır. Bu derlemede SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonunun neden olduğu çoklu organ tutulumlarına neden olan mekanizmalar ele alınmıştır.

🔖

Cite This Article

YÜCE, H., ÜNÜVAR, S. (2021). The Assessment of Multiple Organ Involvement Due to SARS-CoV-2: Traditional Review. Literatür Eczacılık Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 10 - Sayı: 2, 223–230. https://ajindex.com/articles/345863

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (1)

  1. Robba C, Battaglini D, Pelosi P, Rocco PRM. Multiple organ dysfunction in SARS-CoV-2: MODS-CoV-2. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2020;14(9):865-8. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 2. Lei F, Liu YM, Zhou F, Qin JJ, Zhang P, Zhu L, et al. Longitudinal association between markers of liver ınjury and mortality in COVID-19 in China. Hepatology. 2020;72(2):389-98. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 3. World Health Organization [İnternet]. ©2021 WHO. WHO director-general's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 11 March 2020. (Erişim tarihi: 15 Aralık 2020-15 December 2020). Erişim linki: [Link] 4. Surveillances V. The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19)-China, 2020. China CDC Weekly. 2020;2(8):113-22. 5. Gupta A, Madhavan MV, Sehgal K, Nair N, Mahajan S, Sehrawat TS, et al. Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19. Nat Med. 2020;26(7):1017-32. [Crossref] [PubMed] 6. Xu X, Chen P, Wang J, Feng J, Zhou H, Li X, et al. Evolution of the novel coronavirus from the ongoing Wuhan outbreak and modeling of its spike protein for risk of human transmission. Sci China Life Sci. 2020;63(3):457-60. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 7. Zhang H, Penninger JM, Li Y, Zhong N, Slutsky AS. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic target. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46(4):586-590. Epub 2020 Mar 3. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 8. Li W, Moore MJ, Vasilieva N, Sui J, Wong SK, Berne MA, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus. Nature. 2003;426(6965):450-4. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 9. Wu K, Peng G, Wilken M, Geraghty RJ, Li F. Mechanisms of host receptor adaptation by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. J Biol Chem. 2012;287(12):8904-11. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 10. Zhao Y, Zhao Z, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Ma Y, Zuo W. Single-cell RNA expression profiling of ACE2, the receptor of SARS-CoV-2. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;1;202(5):756-9. Erratum in: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021;203(6):782. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 11. Danilczyk U, Sarao R, Remy C, Benabbas C, Stange G, Richter A, et al. Essential role for collectrin in renal amino acid transport. Nature. 2006;444(7122):1088-91. [Crossref] [PubMed] 12. Hamming I, Timens W, Bulthuis ML, Lely AT, Navis G, van Goor H. Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis. J Pathol. 2004; 203(2)