Journals / Üroonkoloji Bülteni / 2016 / Cilt: 15 - Sayı: 1

Synchronous and Metachronous Secondary Tumors of Bladder Cancer Patients

Mesane Kanserinde Senkron ve Metakron Sekonder Tümörler

Pages
31–37
DOI
—
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Close follow-up in primary malignant tumor patients is of extreme importance for the risk of secondary cancers.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:The improvements in cancer treatment prolonged survival in patients.
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Key Findings & Data:Although the cause and developmental mechanisms of multiple primary tumors are not clear, several factors including immune deficiency, genetic instability, increased use of systemicchemotherapy and radiotherapy, increased survival, elderliness, and smoking have been implicated.
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Conclusion & Impact:Close follow-up in primary malignant tumor patients is of extreme importance for the risk of secondary cancers.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

The improvements in cancer treatment prolonged survival in patients. Despite this survival benefit, chemotherapies, radiotherapies or combination therapies, and continuing exposure to the same carcinogenic agents may lead to secondary cancers. Multiple primary neoplasm is described as multiple tumors in a single patient posing distinct individual malignant characteristics with definite exclusion of one tumor is the metastasis of the other. According to the time of onset, these are considered to be synchronous or metachronous tumors. While synchronous tumors often occur due to carcinogen exposure, metachronous tumors often develop after treatments such as radiotherapy. Although the cause and developmental mechanisms of multiple primary tumors are not clear, several factors including immune deficiency, genetic instability, increased use of systemicchemotherapy and radiotherapy, increased survival, elderliness, and smoking have been implicated. The two developmental hypotheses in development of multiple primary tumors appear as field cancerization and common clonal origin. Multiple primary tumors often involve respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary systems. Transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder may also rise as part of synchronous or metachronous multiple tumors. We still lack large scale studies relevant to the treatment of multiple primary cancers. Close follow-up in primary malignant tumor patients is of extreme importance for the risk of secondary cancers.

Özet

Kanser tedavisindeki gelişmeler kanserli hastalarda sağkalımı uzatmaktadır. Ancak bu sağkalım yararına rağmen gerek kemoterapi/radyoterapi veya kombine tedaviler ve gerekse aynı kanserojen ajana maruziyetin devam etmesi gibi nedenler sekonder kanser gelişimine neden olabilmektedir. Multipl primer tümörler her biri ayrı, her biri malignite özelliği gösteren ve birinin diğerinin metastazı olma olasılığı ekarte edilmiş tümörlerin varlığı şeklinde tanımlanmıştır. Ortaya çıkış zamanına göre senkron ya da metakron tümörler şeklinde değerlendirilmektedir. Senkron tümörler sıklıkla maruz kalınan kanserojen nedeniyle ortaya çıkarken, metakron tümörler genellikle radyoterapi gibi tedaviler sonrasında gelişmektedir. Multipl primer tümörlerin nedeni ve gelişim mekanizması tam olarak bilinmemekle birlikte immün yetmezlik, genetik instabilite, artmış sistemik kemoterapi ve radyoterapi kullanımı, artmış sağkalım, yaşlılık ve sigara gibi pek çok faktör suçlanmaktadır. Gelişiminde saha kanserleşmesi (field cancerization) ve klonalite (common clonal origin) hipotezleri üzerinde durulmaktadır. Multiple primer kanserler sıklıkla respiratuvar, gastrointestinal ve genitoüriner sistemde görülmektedir. Mesanenin değişici epitel karsinomu da senkron ya da metakron multipl tümörler içinde görülebilmektedir. Multipl primer kanserlerinin nasıl tedavi edilmeleri gerektiğine dair halen geniş serili çalışmalar bulunmamaktadır. Primer malign tümörlü hastaların sekonder kanser gelişim riski açısından yakın takipleri çok önemlidir.

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Cite This Article

DİRİM, A., ÖZKARDEŞ, H., HASIRCI, E. (2016). Synchronous and Metachronous Secondary Tumors of Bladder Cancer Patients. Üroonkoloji Bülteni, Cilt: 15 - Sayı: 1, 31–37. https://ajindex.com/articles/334443

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