Journals / Türk Üroloji Dergisi/Turkish Journal of Urology / 2008 / Cilt: 34 - Sayı: 2

The clincal significance of focal and widespread squamous and glandular differentiation in urothellial cancers of the bladder

Mesanenin ürotelyal hücreli kanserlerinde fokal skuamöz ve glandüler diferansiyasyon ile yaygın skuamöz ve glandüler diferansiyasyonun klinik önemi

Pages
161–167
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Although squamous and glandular differentiation are not accepted as independent prognostic variables based on the results of multivariate analyses, mortality rate of tumors with widespread squamous differentiation is seven times greater than that of tumors with focal squamous differentiation

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Introduction: The most common histologic type of bladder cancers is urothelial carcinoma, accounting for 90% and 95% of bladder cancers.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Squamous differentiation occurs in up to 10-20% of urothelial carcinomas of the bladder and glandular differentiation is less common than squamous differentiation.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Although squamous and glandular differentiation are not accepted as independent prognostic variables based on the results of multivariate analyses, mortality rate of tumors with widespread squamous differentiation is seven times greater than that of tumors with focal squamous differentiation
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:2005 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Seyir · Geriyedönük çalışma · Mesane neoplazmları

Abstract

Introduction: The most common histologic type of bladder cancers is urothelial carcinoma, accounting for 90% and 95% of bladder cancers. Urinary bladder carcinomas may sometimes have diverse histologic features, which differ from the conventional urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. These divergent tumors are divided into four major categories as: variant forms of urothelial carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma. In the first category, the most common divergent tumor group is the carcinomas with squamous and/or glandular differentiation. Squamous differentiation occurs in up to 10-20% of urothelial carcinomas of the bladder and glandular differentiation is less common than squamous differentiation. The clinical significance of squamous and glandular differentiation remains uncertain. In this study, we evaluated the effects of focal and widespread squamous and/or glandular differentiation on stage, grade and survival of bladder tumor patients at presentation. Materials and Methods: Between February 1998 and December 2005, 236 patients with urothelial carcinoma, who had been treated with transurethral resection were evaluated retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups as; Group1: tumor patients with focal squamous and/or glandular differentiation, Group 2: patients with widespread squamous and/or glandular differentiation. All patients were evaluated with physical examination, routine hematologic and biochemical analysis, urinary ultrasonography (USG) or intravenous urography (IVU), cystoscopy, and also with computerized tomography (CT) if indicated. Clinical and histological staging were done according to TNM classification (2002). The data about stage and grade distribution and the effect of squamous and glandular differentiation on survival rates were evaluated. Results: The mean age and the mean follow-up of the patients were 65.46±10.4 (range 36-81) years and 45.17±13.8 (6-71) months, respectively. Within the total 236 transurethrally resected bladder tumors 37 (15.7%) of them were tumors with squamous and/or glandular differentiation. Among these patients 25 (group 1) had focal squamous differentiation and 12 (group 2) had widespread squamous differentiation. Superficial and invasive tumor rates were found as 72% (n=18) and 28% (n=7) in Group 1 and 8.3% (n=1) and 91.7% (n=11) in Group 2 (p<0.05). Among all patients a total of 34 (91.9%) patients had high grade urothelial bladder tumors. The mean survival rates were found as 76% (n=19) in Group 1 and 33.3% (n=4) in Group 2. Tumor size and tumor grade were not statistically different between group 1 and group 2 (p>0.05). In multivariate analysis squamous and/or glandular differentiation was not a independent prognostic factor on survival (p>0.05). Moreover, multivariate analyses have shown that mortality rate of tumors with widespread squamous differentiation is seven times greater than that of tumors with focal squamous differentiation. Conclusion: There was a significant difference between bladder tumors with focal and widespread squamous and/or glandular differentiation with regard to clinical stage and tumor grade. Although squamous and glandular differentiation are not accepted as independent prognostic variables based on the results of multivariate analyses, mortality rate of tumors with widespread squamous differentiation is seven times greater than that of tumors with focal squamous differentiation

Özet

Mesane kanserleri içinde en sık görülen histolojik tip %90-95 oranı ile ürotelyal hücreli kanserlerdir. Mesanede ürotelyal hücreli kanserlerle farklı histolojik diferansiyasyon gösteren tümörler olabilmektedir. Hücreler arası köprüleşme ve keratinizasyon ile karakterize olan skuamöz diferansiasyonlar ürotelyal hücreli kanserlerin %10 ile %20’sinde bulunabilmektedirler. Glandüler diferansiyasyonlar ise daha az sıklıkta görülmektedirler. Bu çalışmada mesanenin ürotelyal hücreli kanserli hastalarında fokal ve yaygın skuamöz/glandüler diferansiasyonun tanı sırasında evre, tümör derecesi ve sağkalıma olan etkisini değerlendirdik. Şubat 1998 ve Aralık 2005 tarihleri arasında transüretral tümör rezeksiyonu yapılan 236 ürotelyal kanserli hasta retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Hastalar 2 gruba ayrıldı. Grup 1: fokal skuamöz ve glandüler diferansiyasyon gösteren tümörlü hastalar, grup 2’de yaygın skuamöz ve glandüler diferansiyasyon gösteren tümörlü hastalardan oluştu. İki grup arasındaki evre, derece ve sağkalım oranları karşılaştırıldı. Hastalar ameliyat öncesi ayrıntılı öykü, fiziksel inceleme, rutin biyokimyasal ve hematolojik tetkikler, üriner ultrasonografi, abdominopelvik tomografi, akciğer grafileri ve sistoskopi ile değerlendirildiler. Hastaların ortalama yaş ve ortalama izlem süreleri sırasıyla 65.46±10.4 (36-81) yıl ve 45.17±13.8 (6-71) ay idi. Transüretral olarak rezeksiyon yapılan 236 mesane tümörlü hastanın 37 (%15.7)’sinde skuamöz ya da glandüler diferansiyasyon bulunmaktaydı. Bu hastalar içersinde 25 hastanın (grup 1) fokal skuamöz diferansiyasyonu ve 12 hastanın (grup 2) ise yaygın skuamöz diferansiyasyonu bulunmaktaydı. Yüzeyel ve invaziv tümör oranları grup 1’de %72 (n=18) ve %28 (n=7) iken grup 2’de %8.3 (n=1) ve %91.7 (n=11) olarak tespit edildi (p<0.05). Gruplar içinde toplam 34 (%91.9) hastanın yüksek derece tümörü vardı. Ortalama sağkalım oranları grup 1 ve grup 2’de sırası ile %76 (n=19) ve %33.3 (n=4) olarak saptandı. Multivariate analizlerde skuamöz diferansiyasyon ortalama sağkalım üzerine bağımsız risk etkeni olarak saptanmadı. Bununla birlikte multivariate analizlerde yaygın skuamöz diferansiyasyon gösteren tümörlerin fokal skuamöz diferansiyasyon gösteren tümörlerden yedi kat daha fazla ölüm oranına sahip olduğu tespit edildi. Klinik evre ve tümör derecesi göz önüne alındığında fokal ve yaygın skuamöz/glandüler diferansiyasyon gösteren mesane tümörleri arasında anlamlı fark olduğu görüldü. Skuamöz ve glandüler diferansiyasyonun multivariate analizlerde sağkalım üzerine bağımsız prognostik etkisi olmasa da yaygın skuamöz diferansiyasyon gösteren tümörlerin fokal skuamöz diferansiyasyon gösteren tümörlere göre yedi kat daha fazla hastalığa bağlı ölüm oranına sahip olduğu görülmüştür.

🔖

Cite This Article

ERDEMİR, F., ULUOCAK, N., TUNÇ, M., ÖZCAN, F., ESEN, T., KILIÇASLAN, I. (2008). The clincal significance of focal and widespread squamous and glandular differentiation in urothellial cancers of the bladder. Türk Üroloji Dergisi/Turkish Journal of Urology, Cilt: 34 - Sayı: 2, 161–167. https://ajindex.com/articles/328707

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (15)

  1. Droller MJ: Bladder cancer: State-of-the-art care. CA Cancer J Clin. 48: 269-284, 1998
  2. Landis SH, Murray T, Bolden S, Wingo PA: Cancer statistics-1999. CA Cancer J Clin. 49: 8-31, 1999
  3. Erdemir F, Uluocak N, Tunç M, Özcan F, Esen T: Ra- dikal sistektomi sonrası patoloji spesimeninde saptanan mesanenin üroteliyal olmayan kanserlerinin değerlendi- rilmesi. Türk Üroloji Dergisi. 32: 174-181, 2006
  4. Young RH and Eble JN: Unusual forms of carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Human Pathol. 22: 948-965, 1990
  5. Sakamoto N, Tsuneyoshi M, Enjoji M: Urinary bladder carcinoma with neoplastic squamous component: A map- ping study of 31 cases. Histopathology. 21: 135-141, 1992
  6. Greene FL, Page DL, Flemming ID, et al: AJCC sta- ging manual, 6th ed. New York: Springer-Verlag, 2002
  7. Girgin C, Sezer A, Uc R, Ermete M, Ozkan U, Gurel G: Outcome of the treatment of invasive non-transitional cell carcinoma. Int J Urol. 10: 525-529, 2003
  8. Billis A, Schenka AA, Carlos COR, Carneiro LT, Araujo V: Squamous and/or glandular differentiation in urothelial carcinoma: Prevalance and significance in transurethral resections of the bladder. Int J Urol and Nephrol. 33: 631-633, 2001
  9. Logothesis CJ, Dexeus FH, Chong C: Cisplatin, cyc- lophosphamide and doxorubicin chemotherapy for unre- sectable urothelial tumors. The MD Anderson experien- ce. J Urol. 141: 33-37, 1989
  10. Genega EM, Hutchinson B, Hashibe M: Urothelial car- cinoma with aberrant differentiation: Incidence and clini- cal significance. Mod Pathol. 13: 100, 2000
  11. Young RH: Pathology of carcinomas of the urinary blad- der. Comprehensive textbook of genitourinary oncology. Second edition. Vogelzang NJ, Scardino PT, Shipley WU, Coffey DS eds. LippincottWilliams & Wilkins, pp: 310-321, 2001
  12. Ayala AG, Ro JY: Premalignant lesions of the urotheli- um and transitional cell tumors, in young RH (ed): Patho- logy of the urinary bladder. New York, NY, Churchill Li- vingstone, 65-101, 1989
  13. Marin JE, Jenkins BJ, Zuk RJ: Clinical importance of squamous metaplasia in invasive transitional cell carcino- ma of the bladder. J Clin Pathol. 42: 250-253, 1989
  14. Frazier AF, Robertson JE, Dodge RK and Paulson DF: The value of pathologic factors in predicting cancer- specific survival among patients treated with radical cys- tectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and prostate. Cancer. 71: 3993-4001, 1993
  15. Raghavan D, Shipley WU, Garnick MB: Biology and management of the bladder cancer. N Engl