Journals / Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni / 2010 / Cilt: 44 - Sayı: 3

Hantavirus infection: Two case reports from a province in the Eastern Blacksea Region, Turkey

Doğu karadeniz, giresun ilinde tespit edilen iki hantavirus enfeksiyonu olgusu

Pages
479–487
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

These cases which were the first cases from the Eastern Black Sea Region emphasized that hantavirus infections should be taken into consideration in patients presenting with fever, thrombocytopenia and renal function disturbance.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Hantaviruses which are the members of Bunyaviridae, differ from other members of this family since they are transmitted to humans by rodents.
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Key Findings & Data:More than 200.000 cases of hantavirus infections are reported annually worldwide.
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Conclusion & Impact:These cases which were the first cases from the Eastern Black Sea Region emphasized that hantavirus infections should be taken into consideration in patients presenting with fever, thrombocytopenia and renal function disturbance.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Hantaviruses which are the members of Bunyaviridae, differ from other members of this family since they are transmitted to humans by rodents. More than 200.000 cases of hantavirus infections are reported annually worldwide. Hantaviruses can lead to two different types of infection in humans, namely, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). HFRS is the most common type of hantavirus infection in Europe and Asia and the most common virus types are Dobrava, Puumala, Hantaan and Seoul. A total of 25 hantavirus suspected cases have been reported from the Western Black Sea region of Turkey and 12 of these were confirmed serologically as “Puumala” subtype. Serological tests such as indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), are used for diagnosis and typing of the hantaviruses, however, since cross-reactions are common between the subtypes, the results of these tests should be confirmed by other methods. In this report two cases with hantavirus infection defined serologically were presented. Two male patients, 55 and 50 years old, respectively, living in Giresun province of Eastern Black Sea region, Turkey, were admitted to the State Hospital with the complaints of fever, sweating and diarrhoea without blood or mucus. Since thrombocytopenia and renal failure were detected in these two cases, they were transferred to the University Hospital. Presence of fever, thrombocytopenia and renal failure, with no laboratory findings of a bacterial infection and no growth of microoorganisms in the clinical specimens, admittance of the patients during summer and history of being present in the fields, necessitated to rule out leptospirosis, Crimean Kongo hemorrhagic fever and hantavirus infection which were all endemic in our area. Further investigation of the serum samples at the National Reference Virology Laboratory by IFA (Hantavirus Mosaic-1, Euroimmun, Ger revealed hantavirus IgM and IgG antibodies ≥ 1:100 titer and the results were confirmed by immunoblot test (Hantavirus Profile 1 EUROLINE IgG and IgM, Euroimmun, Germany). Hantavirus Dobrava subtype was determined in both of the cases. Reverse transcriptase realtime PCR (Hantavirus Renal Syndrome General-type I&II Real Time RT-PCR; Shanghai ZJ Bio-Tech, China) revealed negative result. The first case was discharged with complete cure, however, the second case died. These cases which were the first cases from the Eastern Black Sea Region emphasized that hantavirus infections should be taken into consideration in patients presenting with fever, thrombocytopenia and renal function disturbance.

Özet

Hantaviruslar, Bunyaviridae ailesinin bir üyesi olmakla birlikte, bu cinsi ailenin diğer üyelerinden ayıran özellik insana geçişlerinin kemiriciler aracılığıyla olmasıdır. Dünya üzerinde yıllık 200.000’den fazla sayıda olgu bildirilmektedir. Hantaviruslar, renal sendromla seyreden hemorajik ateş (HARS) ve hantavirus pulmoner sendrom (HPS) olarak bilinen iki farklı tip enfeksiyon tablosuna yol açabilmektedir. Avrupa ve Asya’da en yaygın görülen form HARS olup, en sık rastlanan tipler Dobrava, Puumala, Hantaan ve Seoul viruslarıdır. Ülkemizde ise bugüne kadar sadece Batı Karadeniz Bölgesi’nden (Zonguldak ve Bartın) bildirilen 25 şüpheli hantavirus olgusu mevcut olup, bunların 12’si serolojik olarak (Puumala tipi) doğrulanmıştır. İndirekt immünfloresans assay (IFA) testleri gibi serolojik yöntemler, virusun hem tanısında hem de tiplendirilmesinde kullanılmakla birlikte, alt tipler arasında çapraz reaksiyonların görülebilmesi, bu testler ile alınan sonuçların doğrulanmasını gerekli kılmaktadır. Bu raporda, Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi Giresun ilinde yaşayan ve hantavirus enfeksiyonu serolojik olarak tanımlanan iki olgu sunulmaktadır. Sırasıyla 55 ve 50 yaşlarında erkek olan her iki hasta da, ateş, terleme ve kanmukus içermeyen ishal şikayetleri ile devlet hastanesine başvuran ve orada saptanan trombositopeni ve böbrek yetmezliği tablosu nedeniyle kurumumuza sevk edilen hastalardır. Olgularda ateş, trombositopeni ve böbrek fonksiyonlarında bozukluk olması, laboratuvar bulgularının bakteriyel enfeksiyonu desteklememesi, yapılan kültürlerinde mikroorganizma üremesi olmaması, hastaların yaz aylarında başvurması, ilk olguda bağbahçe işleriyle uğraşma, diğerinde ise yaylada bulunma hikayesinin olması ve bölgemizde endemik olması nedeniyle ön tanılar arasında leptospiroz, Kırım-Kongo kanamalı ateşi (KKKA) ve hantavirus enfeksiyonu düşünülmüştür. İleri serolojik/moleküler incelemeler için serum örnekleri Refik Saydam Hıfzıssıhha Merkezi (RSHM) Viroloji Referans ve Araştırma Laboratuvarına gönderilen olguların her ikisinde de IFA yöntemi (Hantavirus Mosaic-1; Euroimmun, Almanya) ile hantavirus IgM ve IgG antikorları ≥ 1:100 titrede pozitif bulunmuş ve bu sonuç immunoblot (IB) testiyle de (Hantavirus Profile 1 EUROLINE IgG ve IgM; Euroimmun, Almanya) konfirme edilmiştir. Olgularımızın ikisinde de Dobrava alt tipine karşı seropozitiflik saptanmıştır. Hastaların serum örneklerinde hantavirus RNA varlığı gerçek zamanlı ters transkriptaz polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (Hantavirus Renal Syndrome General-type I&II Real Time RT-PCR; Shanghai ZJ Bio-Tech, Çin) ile araştırılmış ve negatif sonuç alınmıştır. İlk olgu şifa ile taburcu edilirken, ikinci olgu kaybedilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde doğrulanmış ilk hantavirus enfeksiyonlu bu olguların sunumu ile ülkemizde özellikle ateş, trombositopeni ve böbrek fonksiyonlarında bozulmayla gelen hastalarda hantavirus enfeksiyonlarının gözden kaçırılmamasının gerekli olduğunun vurgulanması amaçlanmıştır.

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Cite This Article

KAYA, S., YILMAZ, G., ERENSOY, Ş., ÇAĞLAYIK, Y. D., UYAR, Y., KÖKSAL, İ. (2010). Hantavirus infection: Two case reports from a province in the Eastern Blacksea Region, Turkey. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni, Cilt: 44 - Sayı: 3, 479–487. https://ajindex.com/articles/298780

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