Journals / Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni / 2016 / Cilt: 50 - Sayı: 3

Investigation of Mycobacteriumbovis subsp. bovis Among the Strains of Mycobacteriumtuberculosis Complex Isolated in Düzce Province, Turkey

Düzce İlinde İzole Edilen Mycobacterium tuberculosis Kompleks Suşlarında Mycobacterium bovis subsp. bovis Varlığının Araştırılması

Pages
392–400
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

As a result, it was concluded that large-scaled and attentive monitoring of TB infections in animals, as well as searching for M.bovis subsp. bovis in TB cases, especially in high-risk groups would be essential for an accurate diagnosis.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Throughout the history of mankind, tuberculosis (TB) has caused serious illness and still continues to do so.
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Key Findings & Data:Archaeobiological studies indicated that TB in humans dates back to 4000-8000 BC, and cases were shown to be due to Mycobacterium bovis subsp.bovis rather than Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Conclusion & Impact:As a result, it was concluded that large-scaled and attentive monitoring of TB infections in animals, as well as searching for M.bovis subsp. bovis in TB cases, especially in high-risk groups would be essential for an accurate diagnosis.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:2004-2014 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Throughout the history of mankind, tuberculosis (TB) has caused serious illness and still continues to do so. Archaeobiological studies indicated that TB in humans dates back to 4000-8000 BC, and cases were shown to be due to Mycobacterium bovis subsp.bovis rather than Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Moreover, this situation was thought to begin with domestication of animals, consumption of their milk, and living together in the same environment with them. Over time, with the consumption of boiled milk and with the establishment of separate animal shelters, M.bovis subsp. bovis infection began to be seen rarely. Today, M.bovis infection is mostly transmitted from animals to humans and very rarely from humans to other humans. The most signifi cant means of transmission of the infection are to the gastrointestinal tract via consumption of raw milk and to the respiratory system via droplet infection from the animals with disease. In this study, it was planned to investigate the cause of occurrence of TB in cattles in Düzce in the past few years along with the presence of bovine type TB in cases of human tuberculosis. We aimed to carry out subtype determination of the M.tuberculosis complex (MTBC) strains isolated in our mycobacteriology laboratory between the years 2004-2014, and evaluate the clinical and sociodemographic data of patients in whom M.bovis subsp. bovis was detected. The strains that were selected for the study have been isolated from radiometric BACTEC(TM) 12B broth and/or LöwensteinJensen (LJ) media between 2004-2009, and BACTEC(TM) MGIT(TM) (Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube) and/or LJ media between 2009-2014 periods. The GenoType MTBC Kit (Hain-Lifescience GmbH, Germany) was used in the study for determination of the subspecies. Extraction and amplifi cation of DNA and hybridizations were performed according to test procedure in order to investigate the presence of subtypes of the MTBC species in skimmed milk from collections stored at -20°C. In the study, MTBC strains isolated from 220 patients (217 adults, 3 children; 145 male, 75 female) were evaluated and 217 (98.6%) of them were identifi ed as M.tuberculosis/M.canettii and three (1.4%) as M.bovis subsp. bovis. When the distribution of the isolates were evaluated according to the years, it was noted that three (2.8%) cases out of 106 patients within the last three years, were found to be infected with M.bovis subsp. bovis, while none were detected in the 114 cases from the previous years. This data emphasized a parallel course with the reported cases of cattle tuberculosis in recent years. The risk factors, clinical and sociodemographic features, treatment process, outcomes, and mycobacteriological fi ndings of those three patients were reviewed. Accordingly, the fi rst case was a 63-year-old female with diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure, who was dealing with animal husbandry. She was diagnosed as miliary TB on July 2012 and completed her treatment schedule. The second case, who was also dealing with animal husbandry was a 85-year-old male with prostate carcinoma. This case was diagnosed as pulmonary TB on December 2013, however he has quited the treatment and died two months later. The third case, a 27-year-old female was admitted to the hospital with a cervical mass that developed when she was working as a seasonal laborer. She was diagnosed to have lymph node TB in September 2014 and completed her treatment schedule. The strains isolated from the fi rst and third cases were found to be susceptible to streptomycin (STR), isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF) and ethambutol (EMB), while the strain isolated from the second case was susceptible to STR, INH and RIF, but resistant to EMB. All of the three isolates were resistant to pyrazinamide. As a result, it was concluded that large-scaled and attentive monitoring of TB infections in animals, as well as searching for M.bovis subsp. bovis in TB cases, especially in high-risk groups would be essential for an accurate diagnosis.

Özet

Tüberküloz (TB), insanlık tarihi boyunca ciddi hastalıklara neden olmuş ve halen olmaya devam et-mektedir. Arkeobiyolojik çalışmalarda, insan TB olgularının M.Ö. 4000-8000 yıl öncesine kadar dayandığıve olguların Mycobacterium tuberculosis'den ziyade Mycobacterium bovis subsp. bovis nedeniyle olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bunun da hayvanların evcilleştirilip, sütlerinin tüketilmesi ve aynı ortamda yaşanmasıyla başladığı düşünülmektedir. Zamanla sütlerin kaynatılarak tüketilmesi ve hayvan barınaklarının ayrılmasıile M.bovis subsp. bovis enfeksiyonuna çok az rastlanmaya başlamıştır. Günümüzde M.bovis enfeksiyonları, çoğunlukla hayvandan insana, çok nadiren de insandan insana bulaşabilmektedir. En önemli bulaşma, enfekte hayvanların sütlerinin çiğ olarak tüketilmesiyle gastrointestinal yolla ve solunum yolu çıkartıların-dan damlacık enfeksiyonu ile olmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Düzce'de son birkaç yıldır büyükbaş hayvanlarda TB vakalarının görülmesi nedeniyle, insan TB olgularının içinde bovin tip TB varlığının araştırılması için planlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, mikobakteriyoloji laboratuvarımızda 2004-2014 yılları arasında üretilmiş olan M.tuberculosis kompleks (MTBC) suşları incelenmiş ve bu izolatların alt tür tayini yapılarak, M.bovis subsp. bovis tespit edilen hastaların sosyodemografi k ve klinik verileri değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmaya dahil edilen suşlar, 2004-2009 arasında BACTEC(TM) 12B radyometrik sıvı besiyeri ve/veya Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) besiyerleri; 2009-2014 arasında ise BACTEC(TM) MGIT(TM) (Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube) ve/veya LJ besiyerlerinde üretilen izolatlardır. Çalışmamızda, alt tür tespitinde GenoType MTBC (Hain-Lifescience GmbH, Almanya) kiti kullanılmıştır. MTBC izolatlarının, yağsız sütte -20°C'de saklanmış koleksiyonların-dan, test prosedürüne göre DNA ekstraksiyonu, amplifi kasyonu ve hibridizasyonları yapılarak alt tür tayini gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada 220 hastadan (217 erişkin, 3 çocuk; 145 erkek, 75 kadın) izole edilen MTBC suşuna alt tür tayini yapılmış; 217 (%98.6)'sinin M.tuberculosis/M.canettii, üçünün (%1.4) ise M.bovis subsp. bovis olduğu saptanmıştır. Yıllara göre incelendiğinde, son üç yıla ait olan 106 olgunun üçünde (%2.8) M.bovis subsp. bovis saptanmışken, daha önceki yıllara ait 114 olguda hiç saptanmadığı görül-müştür. Bu bulgu, son yıllarda bildirilen büyükbaş hayvanlardaki TB vakalarıyla paralel bir süreç olduğunu vurgulamıştır. Bu hastaların risk faktörleri, klinik, sosyodemografi k özellikleri, tedavi süreç ve sonuçları, mikobakteriyoloji laboratuvar bulguları tekrar gözden geçirilmiştir. Buna göre, M.bovis subsp. bovis sap-tanan birinci olgu 63 yaşında kadın olup hayvancılıkla uğraşmaktadır. Diabetes mellitus ve kronik böbrek yetmezliği olan bu olguya Temmuz 2012 tarihinde milier TB tanısı konulmuş ve hasta uygulanan tedaviyi tamamlamıştır. İkinci olgu da hayvancılıkla uğraşan, prostat kanseri tanılı 85 yaşında erkek hastadır. Bu olgu, Aralık 2013 tarihinde pulmoner TB tanısı almış, tedaviye başlamasına rağmen iki ay sonra tedaviyi terk etmiş ve bir ay sonra kaybedilmiştir. Üçüncü olgu 27 yaşında kadın hasta olup, mevsimlik işçi olarak çalıştığı sırada boyundaki kitle nedeniyle hastaneye başvurmuştur. Bu olguya Eylül 2014'de lenf bezi tüberkülozu tanısı konulmuş ve hasta tedaviyi tamamlamıştır. Birinci ve üçüncü olguya ait izolatlar strep-tomisin (STR), izoniazid (INH), rifampisin (RIF) ve etambutol (EMB)'e duyarlı; ikinci olguya ait izolat STR, INH ve RIF'e duyarlı, EMB'ye dirençli bulunmuş; her üç izolatın da pirazinamide dirençli olduğu saptan-mıştır. Sonuç olarak, hayvanlardaki tüberkülozenfeksiyonlarının geniş çapta, dikkatli olarak izlenmesi ve özellikle risk grubunda olan tüberkülozlu hastalarda M.bovis subsp. bovis enfeksiyonunun araştırılmasının gerekli olduğu kanaatine varılmıştır.

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Cite This Article

ÖZTÜRK, C. E., ŞAHİN, İ., ÖKSÜZ, Ş., KILIÇ, N., KILINÇEL, Ö., AYDIN, L., ATİK, D., AFŞİN, E. (2016). Investigation of Mycobacteriumbovis subsp. bovis Among the Strains of Mycobacteriumtuberculosis Complex Isolated in Düzce Province, Turkey. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni, Cilt: 50 - Sayı: 3, 392–400. https://ajindex.com/articles/298465

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